risk-neutral 中文意思是什麼
risk-neutral
解釋
風險中性型-
In the model, one supposition is that the negotiant is risk neutral and rational. the other supposition is that the investors especially individual investors who acquire real information are irrational. we found irrational herding model of individual investors with the securities transaction mechanism and baye as well as the utility function of the information gainers
在模型中假設做市商風險中性且理性、知情投資者尤其是個人知情投資者為非理性，通過證券交易機制和貝葉斯學習過程以及建立非理性知情投資者的效用函數來建立非理性影響下的個體投資者羊群效應模型，得到不同情緒狀態和對信息反應程度下個體投資者賣出羊群效應發生的條件。 -
The comparison between capital assets pricing model and risk neutral valuation theory
資本資產定價模型與風險中性定價理論的比較 -
Where insurable property, whether ship or goods, is expressly warranted neutral, there is an implied condition that the property shall have a neutral character at the commencement of the risk, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, its neutral character shall be preserved during the risk
在保險財產，不論是船舶還是貨物，明確宣布保證中立之場合，存在一項默示條件，即在風險開始時，該項財產應為中立性質，而且在被保險人能控制的范圍內，在整個風險期間應保持這種中立性質。 -
In the first chapter, we narrate the characteristic of convertible bond, give some clues about development and actuality of the market and its pricing theory ; in the second chapter, we introduce modeling idea and some material problems in the model in detail, draw the yield curve which is very important to the model by spline method ; in the third chapter, we first explain the basic idea and convergent speed of monte carlo method, then, give the mathematical description for financial market, prove equivalence of non - arbitrage market, existence of risk neutral probability measure in the market and the price process of underlying asset is a martingale ; in the forth section, we introduce how to simulate stock price path by monte carlo method in detail, based on foregoing result, we prove the path is a martingale, thereby, the model is logical
本文第一章先對可轉債的特點、市場發展和現狀及其定價理論的發展和現狀作一概述;第二章詳細介紹了建模思想和模型中的一些具體問題，利用spline方法繪出了在模型中具有重要作用的收益曲線;第三章首先敘述了montecarlo方法的基本思想和有關其收斂速度的一些性質，然後從數學的角度給出了對金融市場的描述，證明了市場無套利、市場存在風險中性概率測度及標的資產價格過程為鞅的等價性;在第四節中，對用montecarlo方法模擬的帶跳股價路徑作了詳細介紹，並利用前兩節的結論證明了模擬的帶跳股價路徑為一個鞅過程，從而保證了模型在理論上的合理性。 -
In a generalized approach for allocating network resources, a sealed auction model is proposed to make trade - off between economic efficiency and engineering efficiency. optimal auction mechanism is derived and applied to the fair share criterion of abr traffic of atm given the users and the network manger are all risk neutral
在廣義的網路資源分配方面，提出了基於密封式拍賣達成經濟效率與資源分配效率折衷的思想，討論了一種使用戶盡可能聲明真實業務參數的計費策略，給出在用戶和網路管理者均為風險中性假設下的最優拍賣策略，並將其應用於atm的abr業務的公平共享準則。 -
The world of risk neutral is an imaginary world in which the expected return rate of all risky assets equals to risk - free return rate
風險中性的世界是一個假想的世界，在風險中性世界中所有風險資產的預期收益率等於無風險收益率。 -
This investment benchmark, or preferred neutral position, is based on the risk t o l e rance and long - term return expectations of the fund and defines the allocation of investments to bonds and equities by country as well as the overall currency composition of the fund
投資基準或首選中性持倉組合是因應該基金的風險承受能力和預期長期回報，並按國家分佈的債券和股票投資比重及基金整體貨幣的分佈而制定。 -
An pricing formulas and hedging stratagem for european contingent claims with no risk - neutral valuation
非風險中性定價意義下歐式未定權益定價及其套期保值策略 -
The principal can get the maximum profit by leasing the firm, if and only if the agent is risk - neutral
有且只有經理是風險中性時，所有者可以通過出租企業得到最大的利潤。 -
Firstly, the article studies the classic black - scholes option pricing model and concludes the black - scholes option pricing formula with the risk - neutral valuation method
首先，對經典的black - scholes期權定價模型進行了分析，並利用風險中性定價方法推導出了black - scholes期權定價公式。 -
From the broad definition of option, this paper derives the concept of real option. further, based on theories of net present value, decision tree, and real options, the risk - neutral pricing theory is introduced
本文從廣義的期權定義中引出實物期權的概念，從凈現值、決策樹和實物期權的比較著手，引入風險中性定價理論。 -
Due to the un - uniqueness of the price about the basic risk asset, the pricing of its derivative assets is not based on the real probability distribution of the ( random ) return of the basic risk asset, but based on the so - called risk - neutral probability which depends on the price of the basic risk asset
由於基本風險資產定價不是唯一的，其衍生資產的定價不是按照基本風險資產回報的概率分佈進行計算，而是根據基本風險資產定價推導出一個稱為「風險中性概率分佈」的分佈作為計算的依據。 -
The introduction black - scholes models still assumed, namely the introduction of modern process ( wiener process, also called brownian motion ) to save the stock yield random fluctuations, weak markets and the effectiveness of the use of consistent share of the techniques ( ( markov property ) to describe the stock price change random process, the use of risk - neutral pricing theory through the analysis of the nature of asset price process martingale, established european style to the value of stock options with mathematical models
本文仍然引入black - scholes的模型假定，也即引入維納過程（ wienerprocess ， alsocalledbrownianmotion ）來刻畫股票收益率的隨機波動，採用與弱型市場有效性相一致的股價的馬爾可夫性（ markovproperty ）來描述股票價格變化的隨機過程，運用風險中性定價理論，通過分析資產價格過程鞅的性質，建立了歐式再裝股票期權價值的數學模型。 -
Chapter three studies basic knowledge about reset option, including types, structures and features of reset option. chapter four firstly introduces risk - neutral pricing theory, and on the basis of single - point reset option, designs a two - points reset option, at the same time under condition that the price of stock follows geometric brown motion in risk - neutral condition : ds ( t ) = s ( t ) [ ( r ( t )
第四章首先介紹了風險中性定價原理，然後在單點重設型期權的基礎上設計了一種兩點重設型期權，同時考慮股票價格在風險中性下遵循以下幾何布朗運動: ds （ t ） = s （ t ） [ （ r （ t ） -
Clearly the probability law of the return for a derivative asset ( associated with the basic risk asset ) depends only on the real probability in distribution of the ( random ) return of the basic risk asset ( this is surely unique ), nothing related to the artificial risk - neutral probability. do n ' t you think this is un - consistent
但衍生資產回報的概率規律中南大學博士論文摘要顯然依賴于基本風險資產回報的概率規律而不是依賴於人為的「風險中性概率分佈這就造瞅們腑風險持不同的態度，傳統的理論認為「理性」的投資者（或者鵬）是「厭惡風險的」 ， 「偏好風險」是艦。 -
Firstly, the formulation of proposals to protect national security involves issues of policy that are, perhaps more than any others, the responsibility of the government. secondly, if the law reform commission were to tackle such a controversial issue, it would risk losing its standing as a politically neutral body
首先，保障國家安全的立法建議涉及政策制訂，而這些政策應由政府來制訂；其次，若然由法律改革委員會處理一個如此敏感的課題，它的政治中立地位將可能不保。 -
And we affirm the importance of the black - scholes formula at the option pricing. then we successfully make use of three - step method to eliminate the esos ’ characteristic influence to risk neutral pricing condition
在該模型中考慮了black - scholes定價公式的重要性，並利用三步法規避了風險中性條件對esos定價的影響，建立了一個動態定價模型。 -
Risk averse loving neutral
厭惡風險喜愛風險中性風險 -
Besides these factors, mere are other factors who can put impression on project investment, such as policy nature disaster, and so on. in order to supply a reasonable theoretical method for construction project investment, it ' s meaningful to study the risks and control model. in this paper, firstly, the writer discusses the measurement guideline and the mam factors during the different project period ; secondly, by studying investment deviation, the writer builds a mathematic model ( neutral networks analytic hierarchy process model ) to control investment risk, at the same time, proves its accuracy by a realistic project ; finally, according to the writer ' s work experience, some common problems during the project are presented
本文首先探討了建設項目投資控制的衡量指標，並就不同建設階段投資控制的主要因素進行了論述；其次對投資風險進行了研究和分類，提出建設項目需要進行風險識辨和風險偏差分析，通過對偏差類型和偏差原因的探討，以模糊數學神經網路理論中的層次分析法為基礎，建立了投資風險控制預測模型，並根據工程實例對建立的投資風險控制模型進行了驗證，分析表明該控制模型可以用於實際建設項目投資風險的分析控制；最後根據作者房地產項目開發投資控制實踐操作經驗，對投資控制中容易出現的一些問題進行了探討。 -
Under some very general conditions, we prove that due to the principle of essential arbitrage is not allowed, any risk asset has uniquely a reasonable price, and the probability " distribution of the return about a risk asset must be a risk neutral probability distribution
在一些很一般的條件下，按照「不可本性套利」原則，風險資產有唯一的合理定價，風險資產回報的概率分佈必須是一個「風險中性」概率分佈。
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