runoff water 中文意思是什麼
runoff water
解釋
活水-
Regard - ing the surface runoff mechanism, liang and xie 1, 2 presented a new surface runoff parameterization which dynamically represents both the horton and dunne runoff generation mechanisms within within a model grid cell together with a consideration of the subgrid - scale het - erogeneity, which can be applied to not only humid regions but also droughty regions as well 3, 4. regard - ing the soil water movement, xie et al. 5 developed an unsaturated flow numerical model based on the finite element method, and xie et al. 6 presented another numerical model to compute soil moisture and water flow flux together by means of a mixed finite element method
在地表徑流方面，文獻1 3發展了一種同時考慮蓄滿超滲產流機制及次網格非均勻性的新的徑流機制模型，並用其改進了陸面模式vic variable infiltration capacity中的徑流計算，該模型既適用於濕潤地區也適用於乾旱地區4 .在土壤水模型方面，文獻5採用有限元質量集中法發展了非飽和土壤水流的數值模型，文獻6則採用混合有限元法建立了非飽和土壤水分含量和通量計算的數值模型 -
In consideration of the crises of both the industrial water and the domestic water in the estuarial areas of the yangtze river caused by the decrease of the channel runoff and the intrusion of the sea water during the dry season in dry year, the concept, method and planning framework of the water resources allocation for the areas mentioned above along the main stem of the river are put forward herein based on the preliminary prediction of the future water demands by taking the water resources allocation therein during the dry seasons as the actual case in combination with the status quo of the water environment and water resources utilization concerned
摘要針對枯水年枯水季，因河道徑流量較少，鹽水入侵的頻率和強度顯著提高而引起的長江河口沿岸地區生產生活用水安全，文中結合長江口地區水資源利用和水環境現狀，以大通以下長江幹流地區在枯水季水量分配為實例，在初步預測未來河口地區水資源需求的基礎上，提出長江口地區水資源配置的思路、方法及方案框架。 -
Conspicuously heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions in maolouchi river basin after quake suggested that the water source of the rivulet mainly drained from surface runoff subjected to evaporation or the interflow composed with heavier isotopes
貓羅溪流域在地膿后其氫、氧同位素組成明顯變重，此意指流至河川之水源可能改變為遭受蒸發作用之地表逕流，或以具較重同位素組成之中間流為主。 -
Leveling hilly land into terraces, which slows the rate of runoff, allows more water to soak into the soil.
把丘陵土地平整成為梯田，減慢水流速度，讓更多的水滲到泥土裡。 -
Infiltration mostly depended on matric potential gradient and the effect of upslope runoff could be omitted, when initial water content was very low
當初始含水量較低時，入滲主要受控于基質勢梯度的作用，上方來水對入滲幾乎沒有影響。 -
And the major results and some new viewpoints were presented as follow : 1 ) sediment content of cn tillage system in runoff process is substantially low compared to st under rainfall with high intensity, showing cn bear the efficient capacity of control soil loss. nevertheless, when soil is saturated, the runoff intensity of both tillage systems is near, implicating cn has the limited function of reducing runoff. 2 ) based on the case analysis of observed all rainfall - runoff generation processes, a ) the initiation time hysteresis of surface runoff generation is notable when rainfall fall upon the unsaturated purple soils, which is attributed to the property of rapid water sorption and much non - capillary porosity
經近幾年的觀測和理論分析，取得了以下結果和創新的認識： 1 ）在降雨強度較大的情況下，保護性耕作制? ?聚土免耕的產沙強度明顯較常規耕作制? ?順坡耕作的小，說明聚土免耕耕作制防治土壤流失是有效的；但當土壤達到飽和后，聚土免耕的徑流強度與常規耕作的差異較小，產沙強度也增大，因此，聚土免耕防治水土流失的能力是有限的。 -
Thus, the next 1500 hours correspond to the base flow recession period. it is obvious that the aquifer with ampler water storage will produce larger subsurface runoff. from the above numerical simulations, one can see that the b - s model can reasonably simulate the subsurface runoff varia - tion in the two extreme conditions
而在持續了1500 h以後入滲突然都變為0對應著實際情況中徑流的消退期，顯然儲水較多的潛水面的地下徑流比較大，而隨著退水的持續進行行，地下徑流也越來越小 -
If this runoff water can be accumulated it can be used for farming.
如果這些流失的水能夠積蓄起來，它們就可以用來灌溉。 -
Moreover, hedgerow ecosystems were effective in controlling water and soil loss in june and august. under simulated rainfall, hemercoallis citrina baroni and p. rotation flligg hedgerow ecosystems had a significant effect on reducing water and soil loss in their later stages of plant growth, and there was a significant positive correlation between the effect on reducing water and soil loss and the rain intensities. moreover, hedgerow ecosystems decreased more soil loss than runoff, and the initial time of runoff incidences could well represent the water and soil conservation effects of hedgerow ecosystems
Rotatumflligg ）植物籬笆生態系統年徑流量、年侵蝕量分別減少10 . 14 11 . 56倍和135 . 34 165 . 84倍；植物籬笆生態系統和大豆單作處理的徑流量、侵蝕量、可產生侵蝕的降雨量之間呈極顯著正相關，建立了相應的降雨產流、降雨產沙、徑流侵蝕模型，通過侵蝕雨量可以了解水土流失的發生特徵； 6月和8月份（多短時暴雨）水土保持能力較明顯。 -
Separately speeking, for outward rivers in cansu ( either to the yellow river or to the yangtze river ), the allocable water resources are mainly the river runoff and groundwater, the priority sequence of water resources allocation would be : the water use for maintenance of local plantation including the environment - oriented and irrigated ones, water use for social and economic activities, and the runoff to lower reaches
外流河流域的降水首先為當地的植被耗用，剩餘的才形成可供開發的地表徑流和地下水；水資源配置的順序是：當地植被耗水，當地社會經濟用水，最後形成干支流出境的徑流供中下游地區使用。 -
In the control, even light rain could bring soil and water losses. while for orchard and costarica henryi forest, runoff and sediment yield both reduced greatly. regarding to chinese fir and enclosing and tending forests with favorable vegetative coverage, minimum soil and water losses were produced even by the rainstorm
裸露地（對照）小雨時也可能產生水土流失，而大雨以上降雨會產生嚴重水土流失；具有一定植被覆蓋且採取水土保持措施的果園和錐栗林的徑流量和泥沙量大幅度減少；而植被覆蓋良好的杉木林和封山育林地即使大雨以上降雨也僅產生極輕微的水土流失。 -
The system follows carnot cycle principle. driven by electricity, its working substance absorbs the latent heat in the air or other low - temperature heat source, and waste heat let out of living or industry, compresses it to heat by compressor, exchange, exchange heat with water to higher the water temperature ( 55 warm ). it a new water heating apparatus, used in home heating, and influenced by environment runoff and the heat exchang of working substance. this system is more used in southem china
根據逆卡諾循環原理，採用電能驅動，通過工質吸收空氣中或其他低溫熱源中無法被利用的太陽能潛熱、生活及工業排放的廢熱，通過壓縮機壓縮升溫，再與水換熱，使水溫升高，獲得（ 55 ）熱水，是一種新型的熱水製造設備，應用於家庭和熱水系統，受到環境溫差和工質換熱的影響，熱泵熱水器/熱水系統更多適合南方地區應用。 -
Taking into account weather and flood forecast information ; the forecast operation manner is studied under the condition of without the change of the existing flood control standard to realize the conversion of flood control and benefits. ( 4 ) through analyzing runoff and water utilization information during reservoir operation, design flood, and the existin
水庫汛陽水位動態控制方法研究及其風險分析根據水庫流域天氣預報、流域前期降雨、水庫蓄水、水庫泄水能力和防洪興利要求，利用水庫汛限水位變動范圍，結合洪水預報和短期降雨預報模型，研究水庫汛限水位動態控制方法。 -
Gully erosion, which is universal on original lands, but also the special forms, for example, hole erosion gravel erosion debris slide and debris flow, which is unusual in loess area, ( 2 ) based on a long - term fixed point experiments in proving ground of the south stackpile, the soil erosion factors have been researched quantitatively, the runoff and erosion affected factors have been made sure and the experiential models of producing water and soil have been taken in newly - constructed stage, early stage and later stage of reclamation
確定南排土場原地貌的水蝕模數為3700 4400t km ~ 2 ? a ；在排土場新造地貌上，擊濺、面蝕、細溝侵蝕、淺溝侵蝕、沉陷侵蝕、砂礫化面蝕、土砂瀉溜和坡面泥石流等水土流失形式出現頻率和發生程度都明顯強于原地貌。 （ 2 ）以南排土場徑流試驗場長期的定位觀測為基礎，對排土場未復墾時期、復墾初期、復墾後期的土壤水蝕影響因子進行定量研究，確定了徑流和土壤水蝕的主要影響因子及其臨界值，建立了產流產沙的經驗模型。 -
In addition, bare land covered with weed would delay runoff - yielding time, increase infiltrated water, and make soil water move deeper
裸地坡面覆蓋雜草，能延緩產流時間、增加入滲，並促進土壤水分向深層的運移。 -
The middle and lower parts of woodland and grassland had higher soil water contents during rainy season, which resulted from smaller evapotranspiration and more infiltrated water with a lower gradient. however, upslope runoff infiltration was another reason for hillslope with a lower cover ratio, such as bare land
雨季林草地坡中下部土壤水分含量較高的原因，可能主要與其蒸散較小且坡度較緩導致入滲水量較多有關；但是對于植被覆蓋度較低的坡地（如裸地） ，坡中下部土壤水分含量較高還與上方來水有較大的關系。 -
Due to the influence of climate drought and human activities, the ecological environment of qinghai province is in an increasingly grave condition, namely, climate abnormal events occurring frequently, grassland degenerating, ground sanding, glacier shrinking, water level of lakes descending and river runoff decreasing, and so on. in the basis of extensively collecting and analyzing the data of qinghai ecological environmental factors such as climate, water resource and grassland resource etc., the further basic research is performed on the ecological environment characters of main climate factors, surface runoff, water resource, lcc and their correlation to coordinate with the basic, strategic and precursory research for the development of china west part and provide the scientific foundation for corresponding development both ecological environment and social economy, and persistent utilization of natural environment resource
本研究針對當前在氣候乾旱化和人類活動的共同影響下青海省生態環境中氣候異常事件即氣象災害頻繁發生、草場退化、土地沙化、冰川萎縮、湖泊水位下降和河流流量減少等生態環境退化現象日益嚴重的實際，在廣泛收集和整理青海省氣候、水資源、草地資源等生態環境因子基礎資料的基礎上，對青海的主要氣候要素、地表徑流、水資源、植被的演替及其相互間的關系等主要生態環境變化特徵進行了基礎性的研究。 -
Roof runoff water quality was affected by rainfall, rainfall intensity, roof material, season and air temperature
屋面徑流水質主要受降雨量、降雨強度、屋面材料、季節和氣溫的影響。 -
By analyzing studies on urban roof runoff at home and abroad, it was found out that the runoff water was badly polluted, especially in chin4
摘要分析比較了國內外屋面徑流水質的研究情況，結果顯示，屋面徑流水質存在較大的污染性，而且我國的屋面徑流污染比一些發達國家的屋面徑流污染明顯嚴重。 -
Some utilization projects of roof runoff water were also discussed including bringing it into normal water system, independent rainwater utilization system, roof virescence system and infiltration and irrigation system
討論了屋面徑流的幾種利用方案，主要包括納入中水系統、獨立的雨水利用系統、屋面綠化利用系統和滲透回灌系統。
分享友人