scale-effect problem 中文意思是什麼
scale-effect problem
解釋
尺度效應問題-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
Three - gorges ship lift structure is one of important navigation facilities in the three - gorges projects. as far as its scale for navigation, its lifted weight and height are concerned, the ship lift structure is the greatest one in the world. in this paper taking the ship lift structure as background, the principle of mr adaptive reduced vibration control system is proposed to solve the problem of seismic whipping effect of the top machinery building of ship lift structure
三峽大壩升船機是三峽水利樞紐工程中重要的通航設施之一。就其通航規模、提升重量及高度而言，均屬國內外已建、在建升船機之首位。本文以該大型升船機為工程背景，對升船機頂部廠房地震鞭梢效應問題提出了磁流變智能自適應減震控制的原理、設計方法和效果分析。 -
As for the 3d modeling, the respondent modeling method is anglicized according to the characteristics of various sceneries. the simplicity of drawing method is proposed by combine the method of displaying list, terrain segmentation and vertex removing, which fulfilled the real - time display of a great scale terrain. as to the second problem, the quantitative relationship of view body and visual angle is deducted based on the theory of mathematics, which resolves the problem of aircraft pose display with better visual effect in simulation. these display the author ' s creative works
在前者中，針對于各種景物的特點提煉出了相應的建模方法，並提出了將顯示列表、地形分割和頂點刪除法相結合的地形簡化繪制方法，實現了較大規模地形的實時顯示；在後者中，作者從數學角度推導出了視景體和飛行姿態角的定量對應關系，解決了飛行姿態顯示的問題，通過模擬，獲得了較好的視覺效果。 -
The first part of the thesis set forth the essential theory of agriculture protection based on the essential status and weakness of the agriculture. point out that it ' s necessary to use the finance to sustain the agriculture for many reason such as the shortage of agricultural resource, the redundancy of the supply to the industy, the challenge and the rule after the wto entry and the task of well - off construction. the second part of the thesis analyze the actuality of the agriculture sustain and protection from the three aspect - the scale, the construction and the effect of expend for the agriculture sustain and protection, search the policy reason such as the increasing gap between the urban and the country and the slow speed of peasant ' s income, investigate the series of problem such as the small investment scale, irrationality for the construction, the disorder for the fund management and the imbalance assignment for the budget
本文採用理論研究與實證分析相結合的方法，以農業的基礎地位和弱質性為起點，闡述了財政支持保護農業的基本理論，提出由於我國農業資源相對匱乏，過去曾為工業提供積累過多，以及入世以後所面臨的諸多規則、挑戰和當前我國推進全面小康建設的艱巨任務，使得財政支持保護農業成為必然；接著就財政對農業支出的規模、結構和效果，分析我國財政支持保護農業的現狀，探尋目前我國城鄉差距加大、農民增收緩慢的政策原因，深入研究了財政支農方式上的投資規模小、結構不合理、資金管理混亂、資金預算安排不平衡等問題；著重從財政投入政策、農產品價格和收入政策以及進出口政策三個方面對國外財政支農政策進行了分析和借鑒，突出完善我國財政支持保護農業發展的對策，並結合我國農業發展的實際水平，借鑒國外經驗，闡明自己的見解。 -
Statistically, it makes a quantitive analysis on the evolvement of the country economic structure in xi ' an city, the economic benefit of the changes in industry structure, the effect on labor resource collacation in industry structure and the effect of the increasing income of countrymen in industry structure changes, which discloses a rule of the industry structure evolvement in country. the putting forward of the non - agriculture industry in country, especially the rapid increase in country industry will promote the rise of the country industry level for a long term. the country industry structure influences a lot the increase of the farmer ' s income which is also affected by agriculture structure and planting structure, but less. the non - agriculture industry plays a main role in the increase of farmer ' s income. for the low level of the townlization and industrialization, developing industry, construction and commercial in country is very feasible to resolve the problem of spare labors in country. it is strengthening labors transferring and reducing the modulus of labor over the infield that farmers income could be kept increasing. after a theoretical analysis and twenty years practise in the regulation of country economy structure after the reform and opening policy in xi ' an, a new thought of regulating country economy structure in xi ' an is put forward that a strategic regulation must be taken in country economy structure and the agriculture structure must be optimized. moreover, an expanding agriculture must be developed and transfer the spare labors in country effectively. so the government function during the regulation of country economy structure is transferred to : the first one, making the stress policy in the regulation of country industry structure. 2ndly, strengthening the force in regulating country industry structure ; 3rdly, making a plan on the regulation of country industry structure ; 4th promoting the optimizition and upgree of industry relying on sci - tech progress ; 5th enhancing the townlization and optimizing the country industry structure ; last one, improving the quality of labors in full scale
本文在概述經濟結構理論的基礎上，第一次系統地研究了西安市農村經濟結構調整，用數據統計的方法，定量、定性地分析了西安市農村經濟結構演變的軌跡，分析了產業結構變動的經濟效益、產業結構勞動力資源配置效應、產業結構變動的農民收入增長效應，揭示了農村產業結構演變的規律。提出農村非農產業，尤其是高速增長的農村工業，對促進農村產業水平的提升起著長?推動力的作用；農民收入增長直接受農村產業結構的影響最大，農業產業結構、種植業結構對農民收入有影響，但作用不可高估；非農產業是農民增收的主要支撐力量，解決農村余勞動力在城鎮化、工業化水平不高的情況下，切實可行的選擇是在農村發展工業、建築業、商飲業等非農產業；農民收入要保持快速增長態勢必須加大農村勞動力轉移力度，減少耕地承載勞動力的系數。通過理論分析，結合西安市改革開放后20多年的農村產業結構調整的實踐，提出了西安市農村產業結構調整的發展思路及目標、原則，明確指出了政府在農村經濟結構調整過程中的職能轉變的重要方面：一是制定農村產業結構調整的傾斜政策，二是加大對農村產業調整的投入力度，三是制定產業結構調整的規劃，四是依靠科技進步促進產業優化和升級，五是加快城鎮化過程，優化農村產業結構。 -
The two difficulty, one is which mother wavelet and decomposition scale can get best de - nosing effect in practical application, another important problem is threshold selection, which may be occurred in wavelet thresholding, is completely and deeply discussed
並針對閾值去噪法中會遇到的小波基及分解層數的選取和閾值的合理選取兩個難點，我們進行了系統深入的討論。 -
It is studied in this paper by large - scale universal program ansys the problem about geometric non - linear effect on earthquake - resistant behavior of multi - storey and highrise concrete frame structure under strong - motion earthquake and is also analyzed in full spatial self - bracing function which is ignored by planar model of multi - storey and highrise concrete frame structure
本文主要運用大型通用有限元程序ansys研究幾何非線性效應對多高層混凝土框架結構在強震作用下抗震性能的影響問題，另外，對多高層混凝土框架結構取平面模型所忽略的空間相互作用也詳加分析。 -
With an empirical study of the current situation > characteristics and problem existed in codi, the first three sectors give a comprehensive evaluation of codi. the last sector discusses the effect of codi on the economic development of china. chapter 4 : empirical study of the stage of china ' s investment development cycle ( idc ) and scale forecasting of codi
前三節詳細分析了我國對外直接投資發展的現狀、特點和存在的問題，第四節就對外直接投資對我國宏觀經濟的影響進行了全面分析，指出：雖然對外投資伴隨著一定程度的國有資產流失，但總體看來，對我國經濟發展起到了重要的促進作用。 -
On the other hand, the influence of the solid wall on the saturation thermodynamic parameter of argon under microscale condition was studied. a potential function was introduced and the problem of collision between molecules of argon and molecules in solid wall were dealed with. it is concluded that : when the scale of fluid argon is only one or two om larger than the effective distance between the solid wall and the molecules of argon, the scale of fluid argon and the molecules of solid wall have remarkable effect on the thermodynamic saturated properties of argon
同時，本文還研究了在微尺度下固壁面對氬的飽和熱力學性質的影響，本文應用了一種氬分子與固壁面分子相互作用的勢函數，並研究了氬分子和固壁面分子相互碰撞的問題，研究表明：當氬流體的空間尺度只比固壁面對流體分子的有效作用距離大1 ~ 2個數量級時，尺度效應和固壁面分子的作用會影響氬的飽和熱力學性質。 -
However, signals take effect by the switch of signal phases, which introduces integer control values into the traffic control problem, so the traffic control problem becomes a large - scale mixed integer programming problem, the computation of which requires an exponential - complexity optimiz ation algorithm
但是，信號燈通過相位切換對交叉口進行控制，同時也在交通控制模型中引入了整數決策變量，使交通控制模型成為一個大規模混合整數規劃問題，需要指數復雜度的優化演算法。
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