scope cost 中文意思是什麼
scope cost
解釋
范圍成本-
Following the research route of mend with study and development with creation, give the definition of risk and the methods of risk identifying, divide the risk attitude into risk loving, risk neutralism and risk avoiding, point out the importance of enhancing the risk consciousness for lightning hazard, and summarize the mechanisms of lightning hazard the theories and methods of risk assessment for lightning hazard. provide a set of risk assessment parameters for lightning hazard, which includes lightning times n, hazard probability p, hazard loss d, hazard risk r and protection efficiency e, and give the definition, decisive factor, value method and value scope of each parameter. establish a risk assessment model for lightning hazard which includes lightning hazard base module, lightning hazard probability module, lightning hazard loss module, lightning hazard accepted risk module, lightning protection cost module, correcting coefficient module, lightning hazard risk module, and lightning protection class and efficiency module
遵循借鑒改造和發展創新的研究思路，給出了風險的定義和風險識別的方法，將風險態度分為風險喜好型、風險中庸型和風險逃避型，指出了提高雷電災害風險意識的重要性，總結了雷電災害的作用機制和雷電災害風險評估的理論與方法；提供了包括雷擊次數n 、雷災概率p 、雷災損失d 、雷災風險r和雷電防護級別與防護效率e等5類基本參數的雷電災害風險評估參數體系，並給出了各個參數的定義、參數的決定因素和取值方法以及取值范圍；設計了包括雷電災害基礎模塊、雷電災害概率評估模塊、雷電災害損失評估模塊、雷電災害允許風險評估模塊、雷電防護成本評估模塊、校正系數模塊、雷電災害風險評估模塊、雷電防護級別與效率分析模塊等8個模塊的雷電災害風險評估模型，評估模型以iec61662的評估模型為基本參考，以雷災損失d為中心，把雷災風險劃分為經濟雷災風險r _ e和人身雷災風險r _ l ，並對r _ e和r _ l分開單獨處理。 -
But the scope and cost of data warehouse efforts were frequently onerous
但是數據倉庫工作的范圍和成本常常是巨大的。 -
The gap to the international superior shipping companies is tremendously deep which lies in the following aspects : the small capital scale, the weak capability of withstanding risk because of the narrow business scope, and the unreasonable structure and high cost in raising capital deriving from the imperfect capital market, etc. after the entry to wto, the situation of our domestic port industry is very difficult
由於行業的特殊性，加上長期生存在計劃經濟的保護傘下，我國港口業受入世的沖擊很大，與國際著名港口企業相比差距很大，競爭力較弱。具體表現為：資產規模小；業務范圍過于狹窄、抗風險能力較弱；由於資本市場的不完善，導致現階段融資渠道不暢、融資成本高，等等。 -
In recent years, a growing number of banks in taiwan have considered using the mean of bank merger to obtain potential cost savings and scale or scope economies
摘要金融環境競爭日益激烈，金融機構多以合併來達到節省成本與提升營業綜效。 -
Internet technique emergence, makes the e - business possible, and not only consumedly expanding the bargain scope, but also availably shortening bargain time, lowering the bargain cost. how the professional enterprises share profit to use the professional information, and ask for help to realize the purchase, produce, manage with the e - business, has already become the urgent need
Internet技術的出現，使電子化交易成為可能，不僅大大擴展了交易的范圍，而且可以有效地縮短交易時間、降低交易成本，行業間的企業如何充分利用行業信息，藉助電子商務技術來實現采購、生產、經營和管理流程，已經成為迫切的需求。 -
In the first place, the chapter defined and classified corporation ; in the second place, the chapter discussed its academic foundation from manage - cooperation effect theory, scope economy theory, finance cooperation effect theory, verification management theory, value underestimation theory, transactional cost theory, manager expanding theory and company competition strategy theory ; in the end, the chapter showed the function the corporation conglomerate merger
這一章首先對企業混合併購下了一個定義並加以分類；然後從管理協同效應理論、范圍經濟理論、財務協同效應理論、多樣化經營理論、價值低估理論、交易費用理論、經理擴張理論、企業競爭戰略理論等角度分別論述了企業混合併購的理論基礎；最後從產業結構優化和企業發展的角度，論述了企業混合併購的作用。 -
First, we must specify the subjects of cost calculation, objects of cost calculation, period of cost calculation, scope of cost calculation, principles of cost calculation, cost items and asset depreciations
高校教育成本的核算，首先必須明確成本核算主體、核算對象、核算期、核算范圍、核算原則、成本項目、資產折舊等理論問題。 -
National debt national debt is issued by the government assure to repay captital with interest, the risk is spent small, be called " gilt - edged bond ", have cost low, fluidity stronger, reliability is more advanced characteristic ; in national debt 2 extremely do on the market do more empty, those who do is the balance of national debt interest rate and market money rate only, the scope that fluctuates up and down is very little
國債國債由政府發行保證還本付息，風險度小，被稱為「金邊債券」 ，具有成本低、流動性更強、可信度更高等特點；在國債二極市場上做多做空，做的只是國債利率與市場利率的差額，上下波動的幅度很小。 -
The second is that monopoly produces some positive effects : as static efficiency to say, there are four mechanisms, namely economies of scale, economies of scope, internalization of externalities and learning effect, which optimize the allocation of resources. monopoly advantages decrease of transaction cost. some extent monopoly has benefits to technology innovation and human capital accumulation
其次，壟斷具有正的效應：從靜態效率來看，壟斷存在四種優化資源配置的機制（規模經濟機制、范圍經濟機制、外部性內化機制和學習效應機制） ；壟斷有利於機會成本的降低，從而可以提高社會經濟活動的效率；從動態效率來看，一定程度的壟斷有利於技術進步和人力資本的積累，因而是動態有效的。 -
A manufacturer or those with larger business scope may concurrently establish cost record book or necessary special chronological book or various subsidiary ledger books ; provided that if the business has sound accounting system and records daily the general ledger, the general chronological book may be waived
製造業或營業?圍較大者，並得設置記錄成本之帳簿，或必要之特種序時帳簿及各種明細分類帳簿；但其會計組織健全，使用總分類帳科目日計表者，得免設普通序時帳簿。 -
The teacher must assure that the relative distance to mike is less than 0. 5 meter, so the movable scope of teacher is strictly restricted. the disadvantage of wireless mike is : the mike breaks easily and battery costs largely. the cost is high and it is difficul to manage the equipment
授課教師必須保證與話筒間的相對距離不超過0 . 5m ，教師授課時的活動范圍受到了嚴格的約束。使用無線話筒的弱點是：話筒易損壞，電池耗電量大，使用成本高，設備管理麻煩，大量使用時存在串頻干擾，同時影響教師的外觀形象。 -
Now the scale of animal pharmaceutical trade is expanding and the quantity of animal pharmaceutical enterprise is increasing, all these will aggravate market compete. stiff competition due to less cost, small scope, low level and under - developed technology
由於我國動物藥品業投入少，起點低，規模小，管理水平低，科研投入嚴重不足，產品技術含量普遍較低，多以仿製為主，產品競爭日趨白熱化。 -
Through the systematical analyses measure, which combine classical model of project management and latest modern theory, the thesis integrative analyses the every factor which belong to scope management s time management 、 cost management 、 quality management 、 risk management 、 human resource management 、 procurement managements communication management and integration management of hunan international convention and exhibition center. especially research the effective and practical measure, which include time management of wbs s systematic model measure of risk management s earned value of investment control etc. it has continuous improved and developed the practice of project management, has realized the transform procedure from theory study to practical application. at the same time, the thesis discuss the development thinking of convention and exhibition economy, discuss the future study direction of project management science in our country, summarizes and evaluates the achievement which result from exce llent project management
論文採用項目管理經典模式與最新前沿理論相結合的系統分析方法，對湖南國際會展中心項目的范圍管理、時間管理、成本管理、質量管理、風險管理、采購管理、人力資源管理、溝通管理和集成管理中諸要素進行了優化分析，重點研究了基於wbs進度管理、系統模型法風險管理、掙值法投資控制等行之有效的、符合項目實際的項目管理技術方法，並在項目管理實踐中不斷完善和發展，實現了從理論研究到實踐應用的轉化過程。 -
So far, china has basically formed a china mobile, china telecom ( new telecommunications ), china netcom, china unicom, china satcom, china tietong. moreover, the major operators are trying to expand their scope of business, not only in the business of mutual penetration, but in striving for the entire telecommunications business permission. moreover, families to other telecommunications operators market share, constantly competing prices, making communication enterprises have to adopt a strategic cost
本文通過應用現代項目成本管理的技術、方法和思維理念，結合通信企業項目管理的實際情況，以吉林省通信公司新建西部環sdh傳輸網項目（以下簡稱吉林省通信公司傳輸網項目）建設實例為切入點，通過項目資源計劃、項目成本預算、項目進行過程中成本控制以及項目收尾階段的決算和審計，旨在探索出一套科學、實用並符合目前企業實際情況的通信項目成本控制方法。 -
Project management combines nine fields of knowledge including : scope management, time management, cost management, quality management, risks management, personnel management, procurement management, communication management and integrity management
項目管理包含九大知識領域，這九大知識領域包括：項目范圍管理、時間管理、費用管理、質量管理、風險管理、人員管理、采購管理、溝通管理和項目整體管理問題。 -
With a resource, internet develops the bargaining " s scope and effectively shortens the bargaining " s time and reduces the bargaining ' s cost and distribution ' s running fare
作為一種渠道資源，網際網路擴展了交易范圍，有效縮短了交易時間，降低了交易成本和渠道運行費用。 -
Primary medical treatment is sure to pay policy main provision have 3 : it is to plan as a whole fund and individual account want departure government, part business accounting, as a whole fund wants balance of income and expenses, must not squeeze take individual account ; 2 it is to want to plan as a whole clearly fund and individual account pay limits severally, the requirement is made as a whole a fu biao of fund allow and highest pay limitation, individual account basically is used at outpatient service ( ailment ) medical treatment expense, as a whole fund basically is used at be in hospital ( a serious illness ) medical treatment expense ; 3 it is to want strict limit the limits of insurance medicine service mixes primary medical treatment to allow to fu biao, main content includes restriction limits of facilities of scope of the limits using drug with primary safe medical treatment, project of diagnosis and treatment and service of medical treatment life, the medical treatment cost that exceeds medicine of insurance of this primary medical treatment to serve limits is not sure to fund medium - counts pays or can pay partly only in primary medical treatment
基本醫療保險支付政策主要規定有三條：一是統籌基金和個人賬戶要分開治理，分別核算，統籌基金要收支平衡，不得擠占個人賬戶；二是要明確統籌基金和個人賬戶各自支付范圍，要求制定統籌基金的起付標準和最高支付限額，個人賬戶主要用於門診（小病）醫療費用支出，統籌基金主要用於住院（大病）醫療費用支出；三是要嚴格限定基本醫療保險醫藥服務的范圍和給付標準，主要內容包括限定基本醫療保險的用藥范圍、診療項目范圍和醫療生活服務設施范圍，超出這個基本醫療保險醫藥服務范圍的醫療費用不在基本醫療保險基金中支付或只能部分支付。 -
At present, the chinese main electric power design institutes have no own market competition strategy and its implementation program. discussing this problem, this paper proposes the following new ideas : it proposes in a systematic way that technological enterprise like swepdi should choose strategy of market penetration and internationalization, and the market development, cost leading and extending business scope is the way to carry out
通過該課題的研究，本論文主要在如下幾方面提出了新的見解: （ 1 ）系統化地提出了西南電力設計院應以市場滲透戰略和國際化為核心戰略，以市場開發、成本領先、剝離與集中多元化等為表現形式，使戰略目標更具體化，更具操作性。 -
This position is often the companys representative to the customer and must address their expectations and meet our scope / cost requirements, while maintaining the highest level of customer satisfaction
經常作為公司的客戶代表，轉達客戶期望並達到公司的范圍和成本要求，同時達到最高的客戶滿意度。 -
On 30 june 2005, government announced that it would ask mtrcl to proceed with the preliminary planning and design of wil and would begin negotiation with mtrcl on the detailed scope, cost and implementation programme for the wil
在2005年6月30日，政府宣布將會要求地鐵公司展開擬建的西港島線的初步規劃及設計工作，並會與地鐵公司開始磋商西港島線的詳細工程項目范圍成本和實施時間。
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