selection-the others 中文意思是什麼

selection-the others 解釋
精選
  • selection : n. 1. 選擇;挑選;選拔。2. 拔萃;選擇物;精選物[品];文選。3. 【無線電】分離,(自動電話)撥號。4. 【生物學】選擇,淘汰。
  • the : 〈代表用法〉…那樣的東西,…那種東西。1 〈用單數普通名詞代表它的一類時(所謂代表的單數)〉 (a) 〈...
  • others : 輔助設備
  1. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題,尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的,但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果,會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式,概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑,來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結,這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化(瓶頸效應及種群擴張) .最後,我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂(膜翅目,癭蜂科,癭蜂族)一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上,多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 )遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢,支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 )入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比,遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  2. With an eye to the large space of the state and action, the notions of “ generalization of state ” and “ generalization of action ” are defined, which are used to cut short the state space. since every agent can get similar experiences while learing, a experiences sharing method is proposed to improve the efficiency of learning in this method. however, by using the tsgs - based framework, macrl - japs is proposed. on the purpose of solving the multi - equilibria problem in games, the notion of japs is brought in. this method can ensure the agent to exactly predict the actions of others, and then to achieve the same optimal equilibrium selection

    Macrl - cc在對系統目標的特性進行分析的基礎上,將系統目標進行分解,並採用基於承諾和約定的協作方法實現agent的協作求解;考慮到狀態行為空間可能很大的問題,提出了狀態和行為的泛化的概念,對狀態空間進行了縮減;針對agent在求解過程中學習到的經驗知識的相似性,提出了經驗知識共享的方法以提高學習效率。
  3. Joint experts would be appropriate in some cases but not in others, and in some cases appointment of a single joint expert would lead to increase in costs for the parties ( in appointing a further expert ) and lead to practical difficulties ( in agreeing to selection of expert and to a joint letter of instruction )

    若干案件可聘請同一專家,但這安排並不適合全部案件。若干案件聘請同一專家將增加訴訟各方的費用(在聘請另一專家時) ,並存在實際困難(指在選擇專家及在共同指引函件方面達成一致意見) 。
  4. Joint experts would be appropriate in some cases but not in others, and in some cases appointment of a single joint expert would lead to increase in costs for the parties in appointing a further expert and lead to practical difficulties in agreeing to selection of expert and to a joint letter of instruction

    若干案件可聘請同一專家,但這安排並不適合全部案件。若干案件聘請同一專家將增加訴訟各方的費用在聘請另一專家時,並存在實際困難指在選擇專家及在共同指引函件方面達成一致意見。
  5. The vacuum gas quenching process of ring die of pellet mill is analyzed and discussed based on selection of heat treatment equipment, setting of process parameters, comparison of gas quenching cooling medium and control of deformation amount and others

    摘要對飼料制粒機環模的真空氣淬工藝,從熱處理設備的選用、工藝參數的設置、氣淬冷卻介質的比較及變形量的控制等多個方面進行了分析和討論。
  6. Showcasing a selection of around 150 chinese paintings from the c. p. lin collection, this exhibition includes masterpieces by wu changshuo 1844 - 1927, qi baishi 1864 - 1957, huang binhong 1865 - 1955, gao jianfu 1879 - 1951, zhu qizhan 1892 - 1996, xu beihong 1895 - 1953, liu haisu 1896 - 1994, pan tianshuo 1897 - 1971, zhang daqian 1899 - 1983, fu baoshi 1904 - 1965, li keran 1907 - 1989, lu yanshao 1909 - 1993, shi lu 1919 - 1982, cui zifan b. 1915 and many others

    是次長青館藏中國書畫展覽,將展出約一百五十件長青館收藏之中國書畫精品,當中包括吳昌碩1844 - 1927白石1864 - 1957黃賓虹1865 - 1955高劍父1879 - 1951朱瞻1892 - 1996徐悲鴻1895 - 1953劉海粟1896 - 1994潘天壽1897 - 1971張大千1899 - 1983傅抱石1904 - 1965李可染1907 - 1989陸儼少1909 - 1993石魯1919 - 1982崔子范1915生等一眾名家之作。
  7. 2. selection of a domain name we do not check to see whether the domain name you select, or the use you make of the domain name, infringes legal rights of others

    如同在其網站上公布的一樣,依照icann採用的「統一爭議解決政策」進行的解決爭議的管理訴訟應服從這項條例和管理訴訟的服務提供方的補充條例管理。
  8. Click on the selection task order, after the expiry of the election game automatically operate games : click on the selection task order, election after the expiration of the game automatically click of the mouse button to control direction, 2 hits left mouse button can be fired, careful not to hit each others body

    點擊選擇任務順序,選滿后游戲自動開始游戲操作:點擊選擇任務順序,選滿后游戲自動開始,鼠標鍵控制方向,次點擊鼠標左鍵可以發射,注意不要打到對方身上。否則要扣分的哦。
  9. During public marketing campaign such as bidding or vendor qualification selection etc ), these associated companies usually participate the event and crowd out of the others in the industry as independent companies in order to maximize their self - interest

    在對外進行市場活動時(如競標、入圍供應商資格清單等等) ,這幾家關聯公司通常會以獨立公司名義去圍標,排擠其他的同行,謀求自身利益最大化。
  10. Some client organisations will impose contractual requirements to engage registered subcontractors, whereas others will grant credits in the contractor selection process to show their support to the scheme. the registered subcontractors will enjoy enhanced recognition and visibility since their company names will be posted on a new website accessible to key industry stakeholders

    部分委託機構會在合約內增訂條文,規定必須聘用注冊分包商,而其他委託機構則會在甄選承建商的過程中,給予聘用注冊分包商者額外分數,以示對注冊制度的支持。
  11. But this logic does not mean that any society or country will obey it, for example, many socialist countries adopted the planned economy and state - owned firm system, which brought about some negative influences on rampant moral hazards, adverse selection and especially could not tells any one ' s benefits or costs from others ", the state - owned firm could not try it best to prompt any one to work hard in the planned economy, so most socialist countries have experienced the failure of the socialist planned economy and have now begun a market - oriented reform program, the aim is to clearly separate one ' s benefits or costs from other ' s and make full use of people ' s talents, that is to say, how to scientifically select firm systems to make full use of capital and other resources is the goal of thesis

    這也預示著在很大程度上人們不能僅根據自己的主觀願望,而強制性地推行在某一環境之中取得成功的制度來替代既有的制度;否則,極有可能適得其反。當然,這並不表明人們只能被動地等待新制度的自發產生、發展,而是完全有可能通過誘致性和強制性兩種方式來實現制度的變遷,以滿足不同主體的利益需要。但現在的問題是為什麼在不同的國家會有著各具特色的佔主導地位的企業制度,而與此相對應的則是各國的經濟與科技發展成就也有著高低不同的差異,有的國家經濟發達,技術進步神速;而有些國家則剛好相反,長期被鎖定在落後狀態,其內在根源究竟是什麼
  12. But it is seldom used in site selection of logistics park. in deed, that is a instructive attempt of my research. i wish my research will be helpful to others in the logistics fields and the logistics industry in our nation

    層次分析法用於多因素決策分析已經比較成熟,然而將其應用於物流園區的選址工作還屬于本文的一個有益嘗試,希望能為后來者的研究拋磚引玉,為我國物流園區及物流業的發展盡微薄之力。
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