single foundation 中文意思是什麼

The sedimentation is the foundation, affecting the basic pattern of the reservoir, and the sedimentary facies zones beneficial to the formation and evolution of the reservoir includes platform edge bank facies, introplatform point beach facies and acclivity sedimentary facies, etc. ; the diagenesis is the key factor, determining the pattern and scope of the final distribution of the reservoir and being of great influence on reservoir structure, and the diagenesis of promoting the formation of storage rooms is mainly the dissolution occurred during hypergene stage and burial stage ; and the tectonism is the condition of influencing the connectivity among various reservoir bodies and among the storage rooms within a single reservoir body

該套儲層是在4億年左右的地質歷史中，由沉積、成巖和構造作用相互影響而形成的最終成果：其中沉積作用是基礎，影響著儲層的基本形態，有利於儲層形成與演化的沉積相為臺地邊緣灘、臺內點灘和上斜坡等沉積相帶；成巖作用是關鍵，決定了儲層的最終分佈形態和范圍，對儲層結構的影響至關重要，促進儲集空間形成的成巖作用主要有表生期和埋藏期的溶解作用；構造作用是條件，影響著各儲集體之間以及單一儲集體內部儲集空間的連通情況。

In view of bearing capacity of the elastoplastic theory analysis, the author made a comparison between the achieved bearing capacity limit load pi / 4 of round base ( space problem ) and the limit load pi / 4 of bar groundwork foundation design ( plane problem ) from soil mechanics at home and abroad as well as foundation criterion, and explained why the value of formula in present design criterion from soil mechanics is inclined to be conservative. in the light of the author ' s many years experience of vibration test on the spot and the research work of relevant projects, the author worked over the dynamic pile testing of the bearing capacity of foundation and batholith, and gathered the parameter of dynamic analysis and testing. the author also talked over the difficult point of pile foundation design criteria in present batholith engineering world, i. e. the confirmation of batholith bearing capacity of pile end, from the following aspects : a ) confirmation of single axis counter - pressure strength of rock in house ; b ) f. e. m calculation of elastoplastic model ; c ) calculation of soil mechanics ; d ) deep well load test

然後，對巖土工程領域至今尚未解決，甚至不為人注意的考慮地基變形的地基承載力問題進行了實用化的探討，提出了考慮地基變形的地基承載力上程計算方法；對基於彈塑性理論分析的地基承載力國內尚未見報道的空間問題得到了圓形基礎（空間問題）的承載力界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，並與國內外土力學專著及地基基礎設計規范中的條形基礎（平面問題）的界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，進行了對比，從而定量上解釋了目前設計規范引用土力學承載力公式值偏於保守的這一情況；根據本文作者多年從事現場地基工程振動試驗及相關課題的研究工作，本文以截頭錐模型模擬地基，對地基（巖基）承載力的動測法進行了研究，為各類地基（包括巖基） ，匯總了動力分析和檢測川的參數：針對日前巖土工程界應用樁基設計規范中的難點? ?樁端巖基承載力的確定問題，從巖石室內單軸抗壓強度確定、基於彈塑性模型的有限單元法計算、土力學計算及深斤載荷試驗四方面進行了深入討論；本文作者根據多年現場載荷試驗的工程實踐，對深井荷試驗裝置的核心部分? ?反力裝置，設計了側壁支撐反力加載系統，該加載系統具有實用、簡便、穩定及安個等優點。

Comparing with the conventional method, interactive method is more security and economy to design tall frame structure. in the past, the superstructure was considered as a single element whose bottom was fixed on the foundation. apparently this approximately approach was unsuitable well for the real structure, so the design was insecurity or diseconomy

在以往的常規設計中，將上部框架看成是柱底固定的獨立結構進行計算，不考慮上部結構、基礎和地基之間的共同作用，與實際結構的受力與變形存在較大差異，使設計出的結構不安全或不經濟。

Strip - shape underground structures such as the tunnels and tubes for various uses can be treated as a beam on elastic foundation under earthquake condition ， although there exists soil - structure interaction ， the foundation soil vibration is dominant in other words ， analysis of earthquake response of the soil is essential to this end ， simplified models ， ( i. e equivalent mass system models based on some equivalence criteria ) are proposed ， instead of a general 3 - d continuum model in this study ， equivalence criteria are proposed and the simplified models are compared the single - mass - string model is proved to be valid and therefore applied to the analysis of earthquake response of the pearl river immersed tunnel

條裝地下結構如隧道、各種埋設管道等一般可看作彈性地基梁進行靜力及動力分析在地震條件下，結構與土相互作用，但土的振動成為主要因素為分析土的地震響應需把基土這一三維連續體作簡化處理，簡化成為等效多質點模型本文著重探討這種簡化模型的建立方法，推導等效方程，通過幾種簡化體系的分析比較，論證單質點串體系的合理性，並將其應用到廣州黃沙芳村珠江水下隧道工程的地震響應分析，為抗震設計提供依據

The regularities of pile - top reaction distribution, the carrying load ratio between pile and raft, the settlement and the imparity settlement of foundation in the frame - tube structure and the single wall are influenced by some factors such as the stiffness of the superstructure, the intensity of the soil under the piles, the length and radius of the piles, the distance between the piles, the thickness and the suspended width of the raft

對豎向荷載作用下的空間筒中筒結構、樁筏基礎和地基進行了三維有限元分析。研究整體結構和單片墻結構在上部結構剛度、樁端土強度、樁長、樁徑、樁距、筏板厚度、筏板外挑寬度等影響因素變化時的樁頂反力分佈規律、樁筏荷載分擔比、樁基沉降和差異沉降規律。

This experiment passing to grope for the carbon source constitutes of the culture medium and using t. reesei rut c - 30 induced the expression of # - mannanase ( # - 1, 4 - mannan mannohydrolase ec 3. 2. 1. 78 ). in this experiment i put the constant carbon source ( lactose and locust bean gum ) in the foundation culture medium ( mandels nourishment liquid ) of t. reesei rut c - 30, then proceeded the variable carbon source ( dragon spruce fiber, com rush pith fiber, wheat straw fiber, wheat straw xylan, corn rush pith xylan, dragon spruce mannan ) to single factor, double factor, three factor, four factor and five factor orthogonal experiment. 1 determined the activity of p - mannanase using locost bean gum as substract by the 3, 5 - dinitosalicylic acid method, and observed the growing situation of the gernic at the end i selected the directions for the inducement expression of the # ? mannanase from trichoderma reesei rut - c30 that contained the dragon spruce fiber, wheat straw xylan, dragon spruce mannan

在里氏木霉rutc - 30的基礎培養基（ mandels營養液）中加入固定碳源乳糖和槐豆膠，然後將可變碳源（雲杉纖維、玉米芯纖維、麥桿纖維、麥桿木聚糖、玉米芯木聚糖、雲杉甘露聚糖）進行單因子、雙因子、三因子、四因子、五因子的里氏木霉rutc - 30正交培養實驗，並以槐豆膠為底物用3 ， 5二硝基水楊酸法測定培養液中?甘露聚糖酶的活力。從而確定了酶活最高且菌體生長良好的含雲杉纖維、麥桿木聚糖和雲杉甘露聚糖的誘導培養基為最佳培養基，用該培養基培養的里氏木霉（ t . reesei ） rutc - 30使其轉錄的-甘露聚糖酶（ - 1 ， 4 - mannanmannohydrolaseec3 . 2 . 1 . 78 ） mrna量能夠滿足rt - pcr的要求。

The investigation of synthesis, composition and structure analysis, and characterization of magnetic properties of yig and ce : yig would build foundation for the study of ce : yig single crystal in the future

Yig和ce ： yig的合成及其成分、結構和性能的分析，為ce ： yig單晶的制備和研究奠定了良好的基礎。

According to finite element segmentation principle, by combining test with observation, the author has measured the air streamline and speed distribution of burning equipment in dally situation, which provides some guide for research of air field in hearth on cold and hot conditions. and the law is found of air speed distribution by measuring its speed and distribution of upper and lower deck on cold condition, thus it lays the foundation for analysis on hot condition. under four burning states, we measure the air speed in single, double - deck, and find out its corresponding distribution law

5 .根據有限元分割原理布置測點，採用降溫方法，用k五江9106等儀器分別測出單雙爐排燃燒方式4種不同工況下，該燃燒設備爐膛內coz 、 02 、 co氣體濃度，並找到了隨爐膛高度方向及深度方向變化規律;從燃燒原理分析評價了2種燃燒方式爐膛內coz 、 02 、 co氣體濃度場分佈特點及相應燃料層內乾燥、干餾、氧化、還原、灰渣層厚度，肯定了雙層爐排燃燒方式爐膛中c02 、 02 、 co氣體濃度場分佈合理性，從燃燒理論找出了最佳濃度場分佈狀態及燃料層內各反應層厚度。

The superstructure of the bridge is a three - span ( 80m + 130m + 80m ) continuous rigid frame. the main piers are single - column flexible solid piers, whose foundation are 2. 0m dug piles. the abutments are light - type box abutments, whose foundation are 1. 2m bored cast - in - place piles

該橋上部為80m + 130m + 80m三跨連續剛構；主墩為單柱柔性實體墩，其基礎為2 . 0m挖孔樁；橋臺為輕型箱式橋臺，其基礎為1 . 2m鉆孔樁。

Based on the result of the comparision static penetrat ion test and field vane shear test before and after the treatment of soft founda tions for a experimental section, and based on four static loading tests for two single piles and two composite foundation, behaviors of soil among piles before and after the construction of powder - spray piles and the pattern of the ch ange of the stress ratio between piles and soil are studied, a new determination met hod for bearing capacities of cement powder - spray piles and composite foundati on is proposed, and the formula for calculation of composite foundation bearing capacity are revised

基於某試驗路段軟基處理前後靜力觸探、十字板試驗的對比測試和對兩根單樁、兩處單樁復合地基進行的4次靜載試驗，研究了樁間土性狀在施工水泥粉噴樁前後的變化和樁土應力比的變化規律，提出了根據靜載試驗確定粉噴樁及其復合地基承載力新的取值方法，並修正了復合地基承載力的計算公式。

Abstract : based on the result of the comparision static penetrat ion test and field vane shear test before and after the treatment of soft founda tions for a experimental section, and based on four static loading tests for two single piles and two composite foundation, behaviors of soil among piles before and after the construction of powder - spray piles and the pattern of the ch ange of the stress ratio between piles and soil are studied, a new determination met hod for bearing capacities of cement powder - spray piles and composite foundati on is proposed, and the formula for calculation of composite foundation bearing capacity are revised

文摘:基於某試驗路段軟基處理前後靜力觸探、十字板試驗的對比測試和對兩根單樁、兩處單樁復合地基進行的4次靜載試驗，研究了樁間土性狀在施工水泥粉噴樁前後的變化和樁土應力比的變化規律，提出了根據靜載試驗確定粉噴樁及其復合地基承載力新的取值方法，並修正了復合地基承載力的計算公式。

Safety factor of composite pile foundation designed based on ultimate bearing capacity of single pile

按單樁極限承載力設計復合樁基時的整體承載力安全系數

Reliability analysis of design method of composite pile foundation according to ultimate bearing capacity of single pile

按單樁極限承載力設計復合樁基方法的可靠度分析

On the foundation of making deep investigations in the current medium - sized rvte of hubei, the author have pointed out the leading problems and deficiencies existing in medium - sized rvte of hubei at present. mainly showing in the following aspects : enrollment drops, it is difficult for the rvte to enroll new student ' s ; the funds are put into insufficiently, the condition for running a school is bad, teaching is of low quality ; the overall arrangement of the education structure is unreasonable, the area of the system is developed unevenly ; professional structure and course offered do n ' t meet the needs of rural economy development in new century ; the training objective is unreasonable and indifferent for the agricultural service, the content of courses is outmoded, the teaching form is single, and the link breaks away from the real agricultural production ; rural vocation education mechanism is not flexible, the ability is not cogent that run a school towards the society, . the efficiency in school management is not high

作者在深入調查研究湖北省農村中等職業技術教育現狀的基礎上，指出了當前我國農村職業技術教育存在的主要問題和不足之處，這些問題和不足之處突出地表現在：招生人數下跌、農村中等職業學校出現了招生難；經費投入不足，辦學條件差，教學質量不高；結構布局不合理，區域發展不平衡；在專業結構及課程設置上不適應新世紀農村經濟發展的需要；培養目標定位不合理，教學內容陳舊，教學形式單一，教學環節脫離農業生產實際，為農服務能力不強；農村職校教育機制不靈活，面向社會辦學力度不大，辦學效益不高，辦學活力不強。

Based on biot ' s theory, the basic equations and solution conditions were established for the consolidation problem of the composite foundation with single column considering soil - column interactions when load was applied on the top of column only or applied on the top of both column and soil, and the solution for deformations of soil and column were obtained in the forms of laplace and hankel transformation

基於biot理論，分別對在樁頂受外荷載作用和樁土共同受外荷載作用的情況下考慮樁土相互作用的單樁復合地基固結問題建立了基本方程和求解條件，並在laplace變換域和hankel變換域內得到了土體和樁體的變形解答。

Our efforts were taken to lay the foundation of further studies on cloning and function of new genes in fish. the construction and evalution of the a, gtlo cdna library of grass carp leukocytes are described. total rna was extracted from head - kidney leukocytes using single - step method of rna isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate - phenol - chloroform extraction

本文第一部分取病毒感染36小時后的草魚頭腎並分離白細胞，用改進的異硫氰酸胍一步法從其中提取總rna ，磁珠法分離純化mrna ，電泳檢測其質量。

This paper deals with seismic response of a tunnel - soil system immersed tunnel ， as an underground structure ， must be compatible with the deformation of the surrounding soil thus the simplified model for a tunnel - soil system is established through two steps at the first step ， an mdof system is developed for modeling the foundation soil to this end ， dynamic behavior of the foundation soil is analyzed a typical section of the foundation soil simplified as a single mass - spring system on the basis of some equivalent criteria those mass are linked longitudinally by elastic springs to form an mdof system at the second step ， the tunnel is treated as a beam on elastic foundation ; that is ， the tunnel is connected with the soil massed to form a tunnel - soil system this model has been applied to the seismic analysis of huangsha fangcun immersed tunnel across the pearl river in guangzhou design recommendation is proposed on the basis of this analysis

研究沉管隧道在地震條件下整體受力的分析方法分兩步建立計算模型第一步通過分析場地地基土切片的動力特性，根據等效原則將其化為等效單質點體系，然後在縱向用等效彈簧連接而成為多質點體系的地基土計算模型；第二步將隧道看作彈性地基梁與上述多質點體系通過等效彈簧連結而得到土隧道體系的計算模型本文結合廣州黃沙芳村珠江水下隧道工程實例建立了具體的計算模型並對多種不同的約束條件，進行了縱向與橫向地震響應時程分析，為該隧道的抗震設計提供依據

In combination with the work of < the design and technical construction rules of flexible dolphin pier in port engineering > of designing institute of water transport of transport, the data of some typical experiments of domestic and international pile foundation were analysed emphatically. through comparion of the relation of p - y curves between single pile and pile group under lateral loading and lateral reciprocating loading, the experience formula of p - y curve of single pile under reciprocating loading role is put forward

本文結合中交水運規劃設計院《港口工程柔性靠船墩設計與施工技術規程》的編制工作，著重分析了國內外幾組典型的試樁資料，通過對比水平靜載單樁、群樁和往復荷載單樁p ? y曲線的關系，提出了往復荷載作用下的單樁p ? y曲線的經驗公式。

Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。

Fault recorder information is the foundation of fault diagnosis, one single fault recorder can not implement complex fault diagnosis

故障錄波信息是故障診斷系統的基礎，單個故障錄波裝置無法實現復雜的故障診斷。