situation (l) 中文意思是什麼

The assistant postmaster general ( postal ), mr. k. l. tsang, announced today ( 21 march ) that due to the present situation in iraq, air letter mail containing personal correspondence to iraq is subject to delay. all other postal services to iraq have been suspended since mid - 1991

香港郵政助理署長（郵務）曾國林今日（三月二十一日）宣布，由於現時伊拉克局勢影響，寄往該地的私人空郵信件服務將受阻延。

Plant endemism is the key problem in floristic study. analysis of endemism in a flora has significant implications in demonstrating floristic richness and diversity, the relationship between plants and their environment, and also in conserving biodiversity of the flora. in view of the situation that most of the past studies on endemism were qualitative, this study is the first tentative approach to the introduction of quantitative indices to the analysis of floristic endemism, with an purpose to push the study of endemism from qualitative to quantitative. four quantitative indices are introduced, i. e. level of endemism ( l ), coefficient of endemism ( c ), degree of endemism ( d ) and general index of endemism ( a ). mathematical formulae have been given to each of the above indices and explanations for them have been presented, and the scope of their use in floristic studies has been delimited and exemplified in this paper. the result shows that they are of good applicability. the proposed indices embody full information of plant systematics and plant geography. with the aid of qualitative analysis, the application of the proposed indices will improve the comparability and precision of endemism study in floristics

過去有關特有現象的研究主要限於定性的分析，可比性和精確性較差.該文嘗試引入特有現象的定量化指標，以推動特有現象的分析研究從定性水平向定量水平邁進.所引入的4種定量化指標分別是：特有水平、特有系數、特有度以及特有綜合指數.對每種量化指標都給出了數學表達式，說明了其區系學意義，例證和界定了這些指標在植物區系分析中的應用，結果表明，它們有良好的適用性.這些指標充分地包含了植物系統學和植物區系學的信息.結合定性分析，這些指標的應用將增強植物區系研究的可比性，使植物區系特有現象的分析達到更精確的水平

In light of current using situation and drawing on the experience of many scholars researched methods and viewpoints, this thesis made com land, fallow land, orchard, grass land as experimental field in black soil region jlau, which carried out experiment by applying different amounts of n and p fertilization in corn field. by means of collecting the samples of rainfall runoff, erosion silt and surface layer soil before and after rainfall for one year nature precipitation in field, we study the effect of surface runoff on n and p nutrient and fertility degeneration. the results showed : ( l ) there are lots of factors which affect soil erosion and losses of n and p, in which rainfall and rainfall intensity were more important, while rainfall intensity is the most important meteorological phenomena factor

針對當前黑土利用現狀，本文借鑒眾多學者的研究方法和觀點，在吉林農大黑土區選擇利用方式不同的玉米地、休閑地、果園、草地，在玉米區進行了不同數量的施肥，通過野外試驗，採集一年自然降雨產流及泥沙樣品，同時採集降雨前後的耕層土壤樣品，研究了黑土區地表徑流對氮磷養分特徵及肥力退化的影響，結果表明：土壤侵蝕和氮磷的流失受諸多因素的影響，降雨量、降雨強度是重要因子，而降雨強度是影響農田地表徑流養分流失的最重要的氣象因子，特別是暴雨，暴雨徑流中氮磷濃度較平時高得多；隨作物生長，覆蓋度逐漸增加以及不同利用方式下表現的覆蓋度差異，氮磷流失都表現為顯著的差異。

The results show that : ( l ) adoption of the intermittent mean price instead of the point price at the end of the option will help to reduce the chances of profit - making manipulated by managers and to curb the manager ' s motive to control the stock price ; ( 2 ) generally speaking, stock price of mean price option is more incentive to the managers than that of the black - scholes ; ( 3 ) when the stock market slumps at the end of the option, mean price option will ensure a moderate insurance for the managers ; ( 4 ) when stock price slumps alone with the overall situation of the stock market in the intermittent option, mean price option. however, will be inefficient as an incentive. chapter four addresses the questions concerning the manager ' s manipulation of the stock price, and the increase of the option risks because of long - term slump of the stock market

第三部分包括第三至五章，第三章針對時點價格容易被控制和時點價格的波動性太大，增加了經理期權的風險等問題，研究採用期權期內的平均價格替代期權期末的時點價格計算經理股票期權收益，構建了幾何型平均價格期權定價公式，並與black ? scholes期權定價公式進行了定量對比分析，結果表明： （ 1 ）採用期權期內平均價格替代期權期末時點價格有利於降低經理通過操縱股價的牟利機會，遏制經理操縱股價的動機； （ 2 ）一般條件下，平均價格期權股票價格對經理的激勵作用優于標準期權； （ 3 ）當臨近期權期末股價下跌時，平均價格期權能為經理提供適度保險； （ 4 ）當期權期內，股票受大市持續走弱影響而下跌時，平均價格期權失去了激勵作用。

Chinese current situation - there is three major controversies, which result in inconsistency in judicial decisions. they are the requirement on the form of incorporation clause, the validity of incorporating the arbitration clause from c / p into b / l and meanwhile restricting the b / l holder as the third party and the method of identifying the proper law of incorporated arbitration clause

主要集中在三個方面：第一，司法審判對併入條款的形式要求不一致；第二，對仲裁條款是否可以被併入提單以約束非租方的提單持有人的問題，現存的觀點不一致；第三，對被併入提單的仲裁條款的準據法的選擇方式不一致。

Last part, through analysis the situation of china and the special character of electronic commerce, a few suggestions are made by compare the rules of china with other countries and internationa l conventions

最後，通過對各國及國際條約的比較研究，結合電子商務的特性及我國的實際情況，本文對我國的電子商務國際管轄權問題，提出了幾點立法建議。

L ' m ordering you to contain the situation

我命令你必須控制局勢！

In order to strengthen the realization of general strategic goal of hongta group, and establish a scientific, standard and reasonable human resource management system, it starts with job analysis, takes the practical situation of no. l production department into account and collects the related information through questionnaires method and interviews method, the article makes a deep analysis on those and introduces a volume of job descriptions for no. 1 production department, and provides a kind of approach to make a proper job analysis in hr management

為了配合紅塔集團總體戰略目標的實現，加強集團人力資源管理的科學化、規范化、合理化。本文從人力資源管理中職務分析這一基礎性工作入手，結合紅塔集團生產一部的實情，運用問卷調查法和面談法收集整理出有關數據資料，通過科學的分析，得出一套切實可行的生產一部職務說明書，並由此提供了一種在人力資源管理中正確進行職務分析的方法。

In this dissertation, we first state briefly the developmental history, the present condition of queueing theory, the markovization of queueing system and the research situation for several types of ergodicity, and induce the preliminary knowledge of markov processes and markov skeleton processes, and then the dissertation discusses mainly focus on several problems which exist in researching gi / g / l queueing system, which are categoried as follows : ( i ) non - equilibrium theory for gi / g / 1 queueing system ( l ) we present the equation which satisfies the transient distribution of l ( t ) for the three special cases m / m / 1, gi / m / 1 and m / g / 1 queue of gi / g / 1 queueing system, and proves that the length l ( t ) of gi / g / 1 queueing system satisfy three types of equation, and their minimal nonnegative solution are unique bounded solutions

歸納了馬爾可夫過程和馬爾可夫骨架過程的有關的初步知識。然後，本文重點討論了當前在gi g 1排隊系統中待研究的如下幾個問題： （一） gi g 1排隊系統的非平衡理論（ 1 ）給出gi g 1排隊系統及其三個特例m m 1 ， gi m 1和m g 1排隊系統的隊長l （ t ）的瞬時分佈所滿足的方程。證明gi g 1排隊系統的隊長l （ t ）滿足三種不同方程，並且是這些方程的最小非負解，也是唯一有界解。

In 2001, the ratio of domestic tourist number to foreign tourist number is 70 " ? l. as to the present situation of all sub - industries of tourism in jingdezhen, the travel agency ' s number is few, only seven, its scale small, its economy benefit poor

2001年，景德鎮市的國內旅遊人數與涉外旅遊人數之比為70 ： 1 。從各子產業的發展情況來看，景德鎮市旅行社數量少（僅7個） ，規模小，經濟效益差。

5 statistic treatment with spss soft. results after treatment with mms at various ( 0. 01 ~ immol / l ) concentration for 72h, we examined s. cerevisiae s288c cells for dna - damage situation and changes in telomerase activity

5統計學處理結果將不同濃度的mms （ 0 . 01一1 ~ fl ）作用於釀酒酵母5288c細胞72h后，分別檢測其dna損傷程度及端粒酶活性變化。

Thus the reform of putting forward the following is conceived : ( l ) change procuratorial organ situated in into outside current situation of administrative organ, i think i should regard financial independence of outside of procuratorial organ as the breakthrough point

從而提出了如下的改革構想： （ 1 ）改器烹羔變檢察機關受制於外部行政機關的現狀，筆者認為要以檢察機關外部財務獨立為切入點。

Yes, l certainly understand your situation

是的，我非常理解你現在的處境

After the comparison of the stability checking computations and the section categorised situation both at home and abroad the current standard, some problems was discussed in the standard of our country. contraposed these questions, the paper computed the space stability coefficient of some general t - shaped and l - shaped sections and all the sections of t - shaped, l - shaped and 2 - angle iron t - shaped in the formed - steel - table, and worked out the curves. according to the comparison of the curves the paper got and the curve in the standard, some simple conclusions was put

對國內外現行規范軸壓柱穩定驗算方法及柱子曲線截面分類情況進行了對比，討論了我國規范曲線中存在的一些問題，並針對這些問題，以規范初始彎曲值對任意「 t 」形和「 l 」形截面和型鋼表中所有t型鋼、 l型鋼、雙角鋼t形鋼截面的空間穩定系數進行了計算，作出其與規范曲線的比較圖，通過計算結果的分析對各類截面歸類情況作了簡單的評述，其中提出的一些建議可以作為規范修訂的參考依據；同時，這些計算結果也進一步證明了本文的柱子空間穩定分析方法的正確性。

( l ) it was pointed out that the ecological agriculture integration system should integrate the ecological production, the ecological processing and ecological marketing into vertical industry chain and network by the principles of ecological link and longitudinal joint, and the evolution to realize ecological agriculture integration in china was to develop non - pollution food, green food, and organic food stage by stage. the evolution path to develop ecological agriculture in china gradually was also the effective and practical path fitted to the situation of china to realize the connection of tracks with the international criterion. ( 2 ) two development models of ecological agriculture integration were summed up

本文通過理論與案例相結合的研究，取得了如下結果：理論研究結果： （ 1 ）提出了生態農產品生產、生態農產品加工和生態農產品銷售縱向連接的產業化體系；生態耦合與縱向連接相結合的設計原則；生態農業產業化動力是可持續的消費需求； 「安全?綠色?有機」金字塔體系與國際接軌的生態農業產業化途徑； （ 2 ）總結了「主導產業帶動型」和「龍頭企業帶動型」兩種生態農業產業化發展模式； （ 3 ）歸納了標準化、企業化、層次化、品牌經營、科技支撐以及政策措施和組織保障等保障體系，指出生態農業產業化保障體系是生態農業產業化體系的有機構成和重要支撐。

It struck us how desperate the colony s situation seemed to be because mr. albano did not even have adequate paper or a printer with which to write a simple letter. the l. a. center then e - mailed the manila center to get more details about the situation

這不禁讓我們感到有些震驚，因為如果連村長要寫一封信都沒有一張像樣的紙或一臺印表機可以使用的話，那麼麻瘋村的情況會是如何地絕望無助呢？

Then, this paper empirically tested the validation and predictive accuracy of different var risk management model in the domestic financial market. finally, with the analysis of modem financial risk management development trend and the current domestic financial risk management situation, this paper made a prospect for the application of this model in the construction of domestic financial risk management system. through the analysis, the main conclusions are as follows : ( l ) the traditional mean - variance model is the special example of the portfolio selection based on the var risk management model for the case that the returns of the portfolio are assumed to be normally distributed ; compared with the mean - variance model, the var risk management model is more comprehensive and accurate in the measurement of the portfolio risk, so based on the var model, the investors can allocate the asset more effectively. ( 2 ) the var risk management model can provide the timely and comprehensive risk information for the top risk manager, so it is very helpful to the improvement of total risk management efficiency. ( 3 ) based on the var model, the raroc performance valuation approach can reflect the real performance of the portfolio manager and provide the coherent standard for the allocation of risk limitation and the construction of the incentive compatibility constraint mechanism in the financial instiutions

通過研究分析，本文主要得出如下結論： （ 1 ）傳統的markowitz均值? ?方差模型僅僅是在資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於var風險管理模型進行資產組合選擇的特例，與均值? ?方差模型中的方差風險度量方法相比， var風險管理模型能夠更全面、更貼切地衡量資產組合的風險，且基於此模型能夠更有效地進行資產配置決策； （ 2 ） var風險管理模型能夠滿足更高層次風險管理者對風險信息的需求，有助於整體風險管理效率的提高； （ 3 ）基於var風險管理模型的raroc績效評價能夠反映資產組合管理人的真實業績，從而為金融機構風險限額的分配和激勵約束機制的制定提供統一的標準； （ 4 ）國內證券市場資產組合收益率服從正態分佈的假設明顯不成立，實證檢驗表明基於資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下的方差? ?協方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測存在較大的偏差，由於文中證明在收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於方差? ?協方差模型進行資產組合選擇的結果等價于markowitz的均值? ?方差模型，因此，均值? ?方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測同樣會存在著較大的偏差，而半參數var風險管理模型則能夠取得較好的預測衡量效果； （ 5 ） var風險管理模型符合未來金融風險管理的發展趨勢，基於var風險管理模型建立內容提要風險限額內控體系、風險信息披露體系和業績評價體系，並進行金融監管，將有助於國內金融機構內部風險管理方法和外部監管技術跟上國際金融風險管理的發展潮流。