soviet economy 中文意思是什麼
soviet economy
解釋
蘇聯經濟-
The third, later in the 20th century, yugoslavia had lost the especial strategic advantage in the cold war. moreover, with the impact from the upheaval of soviet union and east europe, her system occurred profound transformation, together with politics and economy conjuncture, leading to the state abruption, which caused a series of conflict and threatened the safety and stabilization of the balkan and europe
其三， 20世紀末南斯拉夫失去了冷戰時期在東西方對抗中所享有的地緣政治利益，自身還在蘇東劇變大潮的沖擊中發生著深刻的體制變遷，與政治、經濟危機相伴而來的民族危機最終導致國家分裂，並引起一系列愈益慘烈的武裝沖突和戰爭，威脅著巴爾干半島和歐洲的安全與穩定。 -
Any solution [ to soviet economic malaise ], however, is hostage to the crisis of authority, creating a catch - 22stalemate between perestroika and glasnost, between economics and politics : any measure to shore up the economy only fans public anger and reduces the authority of the government
不過，任何解決[蘇聯經濟失調]辦的法都受到權力危機的影響，在改革與開放，經濟與政治之間產生一種自相矛盾僵持不下的情況：任何振興經濟的辦法不過煽起民眾的忿怒並損及政府威信而已。 -
Any solution [ to soviet economic malaise ], however, is hostage to the crisis of authority, creating a catch - 22 stalemate between perestroika and glasnost, between economics and politics : any measure to shore up the economy only fans public anger and reduces the authority of the government
不過，任何解決[蘇聯經濟失調]辦的法都受到權力危機的影響，在改革與開放，經濟與政治之間產生一種自相矛盾僵持不下的情況：任何振興經濟的辦法不過煽起民眾的忿怒並損及政府威信而已。 -
In the later period, the national and international situation soviet russia faced changed a lot. on one hand, the european proletarian revolution pnce developing vigorously has deteriorated. on the other hand, the party became to focus on the recovery of national economy
在後期，蘇俄所面臨的國際國內形勢發生了重大變化，國際上，一度蓬勃發展的歐洲無產階級革命運動走向了低潮；國內，黨的工作重心開始轉移到恢復經濟上來。 -
On the one hand, with the disintegration of the soviet union, the end of the bi - polar pattern after the sudden change of the east europe and the development of the domestic market economy & the profound social transformation, the chinese original ideology system has been challenged ; on the other hand, the chinese nationalism thought emerged in the academic field as a independent speech and has produced much influence over social life with many a nationalism movement
一方面，伴隨著國際上蘇聯解體、東歐巨變之後的兩極格局的終結以及國內市場經濟的發展和社會的深入轉型，中國原有的意識形態體系受到了挑戰；另一方面，中國的民族主義思潮開始以一種獨立的話語姿態出現在學術界，且伴隨著一次次民族主義運動，對社會生活的諸多方面發生著影響。 -
At the same time, a decision is made that america paradigm and soviet union paradigm should n ' t be looked upon as the guideline of china ' s economic paradigm and that in idea paradigm marxian economics has common ground with institutional economics and a set of socialism economics theory in rule paradigm and practice paradigm should be formed on the basis of idea paradigm afforded by marxian economics and by inheriting and reconstructing marxian economics in accordance with institutional economics, because we know that marxian economics is more abundant in connotation than institutional economics and the logic space afforded by its idea paradigm is great although it is impossible to specifically guide china ' s economy hi transitional period for the limitation of its historical background
而分析馬克思主義政治經濟學的觀念範式不難發現其與制度經濟學的通約性，二者在研究框架和內容（外涵與外延）的比較進一步說明這一點，然而馬克思主義政治經濟學所包含內涵卻比制度經濟學豐富許多，由於馬克思主義政治經濟學受所產生的時代的限制，不可能對社會主義轉型時期經濟理論予以具體指導，而其觀念範式所提供的邏輯空間卻是巨大的。所以，筆者認為，在重建中國經濟學範式的過程中，除了應當以馬克思經濟學的觀念範式為基礎外，還應結合西方經濟學範式理論，即以「馬學為體，西學為用」 ，做到對馬克思經濟學的傳承創新，對西方經濟學範式的超越，在規則範式和操作範式上完成社會主義經濟理論的建構。 -
Cuba has been confronted with unprecedented difficulties in economy, politics and diplomacy since the collapse of the former soviet union and east europe occurred
摘要蘇東劇變后，古巴在經濟、政治和外交上都遇到了前所未有的困難。 -
Ericson, richard, “ the classical soviet - type economy : nature, of the system and implications for reform, ” journal of economic perspective, summer 1991
林毅夫，蔡? ，李周，中國奇跡:發展戰略和經濟改革（增訂版） ，上海:上海三聯和上海人民出版社， 2002 ，第2 、 3章。 -
With the end of soviet aid and the collapse of the economy in the early 90 ' s, food became scarce, and many cubans went hungry
隨著90年代初期蘇聯緩助的結束和經濟的崩潰，食物變得缺乏起來，許多古巴人忍饑埃餓。 -
However. with the shift of economy and society, it must be transformed, too. on case of guangxi universities, it has come out many problems : 1, single subject of fiance and vest system ; 2 power exceeded ; 3, university run society ; 4 produce lower efficiently ; 5 people attached to the unit. the original cause is that our party ' s comprehension of " soviet moedel " about the highe r education modernization. traditional culture stockpile, higher education institution during the revolution period and effect of planned economy. by historical logic. theory research and current studyjt ' s transform is inevitable and urgent. what ' s more. guangxi has satisfied the require - ments, such as law, economy, social culture surroundings for the contract system of higher edu - cation. lt includes five ideas : l the system of varied channel finance and invest universities in " outer - system " ; 2 modern macro - managementin " outer - universty " ; 3 specialized of higher education ; 4 contract cooperating between univerties whom clear property rights ; 5, contract management to univerty itself
無論從歷史邏輯、理論分析還是現實考察，從單位制到契約制的高教制度變遷都有其必然性和緊迫性。在具備了良好的法律、經濟、社會文化外部環境后，可進行廣西高教契約制的建造。其主要內容有： 1 、在「體制外」實現多渠道高教財政投資體制和多元化辦學體制； 2 、在高校外部，政府權限有了設定，實行現代高教宏觀行政管理體制； 3 、高校自身的專業化特色設定； 4 、高校間明晰產權的契約合作； 5 、高校內部契約管理體制。 -
On trotsky ' s thought abont the relation between soviet and world in economy
托洛茨基關于蘇聯與世界經濟關系思想研究 -
Covertly providing political and economical assistance to the solidarity union in poland while imposing stern economic sanctions against polish government, supplying military assistance to afghanistan ' s mujahiddin fighting against the soviet force, waging a economic and technology war against the soviet ' s staggering economy, and launching the strategic defense initiative ( sdi ) to deplete the soviet ' s financial and military resources for high - tech arms races on strategic defense constitute the overall offensive strategy of the united states against the soviet union
本文認為： 80年代里根、布希政府時期的美國對蘇聯的進攻性戰略的目的是在上述四個戰略方向上最大限度地消耗蘇聯國內的政治經濟資源，里根、布希政府時期針對蘇聯所採取的四項進攻性戰略中，美國在波蘭問題上基本實現了自己的戰略意圖一一使波蘭擺脫蘇聯的控制，徹底改變波蘭的政治經濟制度。
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