spars 中文意思是什麼

The paper is looped over these spars in long festoons.

紙圈掛在這些桅桿上，形成許多長條的花彩。

On the next day, the 19th of december, the masts, rafts and spars were burned ; the crew worked lustily, keeping up the fires

第二天是12月19號，又燒完了桅桿桅架和所有備用的木料。

The inflatable spars, for example, will not remain rigid for long because of the inevitable micrometeoroid impacts

舉例來說，可膨脹伸出的帆桅，由於無法避免微流星體的撞擊，因此無法長久保持堅硬的狀態。

In this paper, the yellow and purple iceland spars are heated to remove their color

本文通過熱處理的方法，對黃色和紫色冰洲石的顏色進行改善。

Heating can bleach these color centers, consequently, the color caused by them is removed, and iceland spars become colorless

加熱使冰洲石的色心受到破壞，從而使冰洲石的顏色褪去。

The experiments show that the color of the iceland spar can be changed when heated to a certain temperature, that is, light yellow iceland spars will fade when heated to 360 - 370, while dark yellow iceland spar will fade at 440 - 450, brownish yellow iceland spar at 460 - 470 ; and the color of light purple iceland spar can be removed when heated to 390 - 400, while the color of deep purple iceland spar can be removed at 440 - 450, deep reddish purple iceland spar at 460 - 470. on base of the u - v absorption spectrum, we find that the u - v absorption spectra of the faded iceland spars are paralleled to the x axis, the transmittance of them are also greatly improved

實驗表明，冰洲石在加熱到一定溫度時顏色會發生變化：淺黃色、深黃色和褐黃色冰洲石分別在360 - 370 、 440 - 450和460 - 470完全褪色；淺紫色、深紫色和深紫紅色冰洲石分別在370 - 380 、 440 - 450和460 - 470時完全褪色。通過對褪色后冰洲石進行紫外-可見光吸收光譜測試表明：完全褪色后的冰洲石在紫外-可見光的吸收光譜上表現為一條近平行x軸的直線；紫外、可見光區的紫區的光透過率有了很大了提高。

Use a square to align each rib at 90 degrees from the spars and perpendicular to the span

使用一個曲尺以從桅桿和豎直到跨度的90度排齊每個肋。

Stretcher - part 2 : with foldable spars ; dimensions, requirements, testing

擔架.第2部分:帶可折疊橫桿.尺寸要求試驗

The hispaniola herself, a few yards in whose wake i was still being whirled along, seemed to stagger in her course, and i saw her spars toss a little against the blackness of the night ; nay, as i looked longer, i made sure she also was wheeling to the southward

我始終未能脫離伊斯班裊拉號後面幾碼的漩渦，而大船本身好像也在搖搖擺擺地轉變方向，我看見船的桅桿在漆黑的夜幕的映襯下顛了一下，就敢斷定大船也正朝南轉彎。

The susan constant, the biggest of the three ships, was about the length of two mobile homes, including the spars jutting out from her bow and stern

蘇珊?康斯坦號是當時3艘船中最大的一艘，它有兩座汽車房那麼長，包括船尾和船首伸出的桅桿部分。

Not secured by spars or stays. used of a sail

無保護的沒有船柱或支索保護的。用於帆船

Abstract : a new method, collaborative allocation ( ca ), is proposed to solve the large - scale optimum allocation problem in aircraft conceptual design. according to the characteristics of optimum allocation in aircraft conceptual design. the principle and mathematical model of ca are established. the optimum allocation problem is decomposed into one main optimization problem and several sub - optimization problems. a group of design requirements for subsystems are provided by the main system respectively, and the subsystems execute their own optimizations or further provide the detailed design requirements to the bottom components of aircraft, such as spars, ribs and skins, etc. the subsystems minimize the discrepancy between their own local variables and the corresponding allocated values, and then return the optimization results to main optimization. the main optimization is performed to reallocate the design requirements for improving the integration performance and progressing toward the compatibilities among subsystems. ca provides the general optimum allocation architecture and is easy to be carried out. furthermore, the concurrent computation can also be realized. two examples of optimum reliability allocation are used to describe the implementation procedure of ca for two - level allocation and three - level allocation respectively, and to validate preliminarily its correctness and effectiveness. it is shown that the developed method can be successfully used in optimum allocation of design requirements. then taking weight requirement allocation as example, the mathematical model and solution procedure for collaborative allocation of design requirements in aircraft conceptual design are briefly depicted

文摘:探討了一種新的設計指標最優分配方法- -協同分配法，用於處理飛機頂層設計中的大規模設計指標最優分配問題.分析了飛機頂層設計中的設計指標最優分配特徵，據此給出了協同法的原理並建立了數學模型.協同法按設計指標分配關系將最優分配問題分解為主系統優化和子系統優化，主優化對子系統設計指標進行最優分配，子優化以最小化分配設計指標值與期望設計指標值之間的差異為目標，進行子系統最優設計，或對底層元件（如飛機翼梁、翼肋和翼盒等）進行設計指標最優分配，並把最優解信息反饋給主優化.主優化通過子優化最優解信息構成的一致性約束協調分配量，提高系統整體性能，並重新給出分配方案.主系統與子系統反復協調，直到得到設計指標最優分配方案.兩層可靠度指標分配算例初步驗證了本文方法的正確性與可行性，三層可靠度指標分配算例證明了本文方法的有效性.最後，以重量指標分配為例，簡要敘述了針對飛機頂層設計中設計指標協同分配的數學模型和求解思路

A new method, collaborative allocation ( ca ), is proposed to solve the large - scale optimum allocation problem in aircraft conceptual design. according to the characteristics of optimum allocation in aircraft conceptual design. the principle and mathematical model of ca are established. the optimum allocation problem is decomposed into one main optimization problem and several sub - optimization problems. a group of design requirements for subsystems are provided by the main system respectively, and the subsystems execute their own optimizations or further provide the detailed design requirements to the bottom components of aircraft, such as spars, ribs and skins, etc. the subsystems minimize the discrepancy between their own local variables and the corresponding allocated values, and then return the optimization results to main optimization. the main optimization is performed to reallocate the design requirements for improving the integration performance and progressing toward the compatibilities among subsystems. ca provides the general optimum allocation architecture and is easy to be carried out. furthermore, the concurrent computation can also be realized. two examples of optimum reliability allocation are used to describe the implementation procedure of ca for two - level allocation and three - level allocation respectively, and to validate preliminarily its correctness and effectiveness. it is shown that the developed method can be successfully used in optimum allocation of design requirements. then taking weight requirement allocation as example, the mathematical model and solution procedure for collaborative allocation of design requirements in aircraft conceptual design are briefly depicted

探討了一種新的設計指標最優分配方法- -協同分配法，用於處理飛機頂層設計中的大規模設計指標最優分配問題.分析了飛機頂層設計中的設計指標最優分配特徵，據此給出了協同法的原理並建立了數學模型.協同法按設計指標分配關系將最優分配問題分解為主系統優化和子系統優化，主優化對子系統設計指標進行最優分配，子優化以最小化分配設計指標值與期望設計指標值之間的差異為目標，進行子系統最優設計，或對底層元件（如飛機翼梁、翼肋和翼盒等）進行設計指標最優分配，並把最優解信息反饋給主優化.主優化通過子優化最優解信息構成的一致性約束協調分配量，提高系統整體性能，並重新給出分配方案.主系統與子系統反復協調，直到得到設計指標最優分配方案.兩層可靠度指標分配算例初步驗證了本文方法的正確性與可行性，三層可靠度指標分配算例證明了本文方法的有效性.最後，以重量指標分配為例，簡要敘述了針對飛機頂層設計中設計指標協同分配的數學模型和求解思路

For vep, through the the study of the case, which is adapted from niiip - based spars sc, its superiority of portal strategy ( in vep, compared with other traditional approaches ) has been demonstrated ; for ccp ， through the demonstration of its data integration realization, the strengths and weakness of portal strategy ( in ccp ) have been revealed

進而，文章以較大的篇幅，詳細地介紹了vep模型和ccp模型的的體系結構、運作機制。對于vep模型，通過對美國基於niiip的sparssc案例的對比分析的基礎上，說明了入口策略相對于其他傳統微觀虛擬企業設計方法的應用效果。