starting condition 中文意思是什麼
starting condition
解釋
初始條件-
Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet - parameter on evaporator. fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio - parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping
本文的主要內容如下： 1 ）對翅片管蒸發器結構特點進行分析，選取適當的微元控制體，就干、濕和霜工況下對每個微元分別進行傳熱傳質分析，基於經驗關系式確定霜的有關參數，對于霜工況下的霜生長建立模型，經適當假設，運用質量守恆、能量守恆和動量守恆方程建立適合動態模擬的蒸發器數學模型，為系統模擬奠定基礎； 2 ）對蒸發在大擾動下的開、停機過程，運用動態集中參數模型進行分析和計算，為更好地描述製冷系統運行的全過程奠定基礎，同時也為製冷系統實現自動控制提供一定的理論基礎； 3 ）對蒸發器正常運行過程，運用動態分佈參數和參數間定量耦合的觀點來分析和計算，為更好地了解穩態工況下各點參數的變化情況及各入口參數對蒸發器動態特性的影響即蒸發器性能對各參數變化的敏感性； 4 ）編寫翅片管蒸發器動態特性模擬計算程序，可以計算不同邊界條件和初始條件下的製冷劑熱力參數、空氣溫濕度和霜厚度分佈場，實現對翅片管蒸發器在干、濕和霜工況下的動態模擬。 -
A teacher - learning group has set up various running system, for example, starting and absorbing, establishing shared vision, " sharing emotion ", " sharing experience " ", " sharing progress ", " deterring downhill condition " or renewing, " making lifeblood " or maintaining operation, encouraging and keeping sanitarian. if there are suitable conditions, it can produce active effects, such as promoting the idea of " life - long learning ", enriching the teachers " learning achievements, assisting normal teacher - education, procuring teachers " selfhood development
教師學習團體建立了啟動與吸引；確認共同願景； 「共情」 、 「共享」 、 「共進」 ； 「抗衰竭」或再生； 「造血」或維持運轉；激勵與保健等多種運行機制，在適宜的條件支持下，就能產生宏揚「終身學習」理念；豐富教師學習成就；輔助正規的教師教育；實現教師自我發展等積極效果。 -
Swiss bank secrecy is reinforced by a constant awareness of the seriousness of the bank s obligation to maintain confidentiality, starting with bank employees having to sign the secrecy portion of the banking act as a condition of employment
瑞士銀行的保密原則在各個銀行明確其保證客戶信息和資料保密性的義務條件下不斷得到強化。這一原則將銀行雇員必須從一開始簽署具有專門保密條款的銀行合同作為其被銀行雇傭的條件。 -
Transitional feature of the arc and metal droplet in the welding process with steam shielded arc is investigated by means of analysing the waveforms of welding voltage and current under different welding regimes and it is found that there are two types of arc process behavor ? " arc starting - arc blowing out - short - circuiting " and " arc - starting - short - circuiting ". under the condition of constant diameter of welding wire and its feeding speed, the arc process behavor can be changed by adjusting the inductance of welding circuit as well as the voltage of power supply. if arc process behaves as alternative process of " arc starting - arc blowing out - short - circuiting " with minimum time duration of arc blowing out and maximum frequency of short - circuit transition, the welding process will be stable with less spatter and smooth weld bead
通過分析不同焊接規范下的焊接電壓和電流的波形.研究了水蒸氣保護下電弧及熔滴過渡的特點，發現其電弧過程行為有「燃弧?熄弧?短路」和「燃弧?短路」兩種形式.在焊絲直徑和送絲速度一定的情況下，通過調節焊接迴路中的電感量和電源電壓，可以改變電弧的過程行為形式.若電弧過程呈「燃弧?熄弧?短路」交替進行，並且熄弧時間最短時，短路過渡頻率最高，在這種情況下，飛濺小，焊道成型好，焊接過程穩定 -
Starting with discussing the historic evolution of state - owned enterprises, re - defining the conception of state - owned enterprises on the condition of the present market economy, this paper first expounds the concepts of state - owned enterprises in different periods
本文從討論我國國有企業的歷史沿革，重新界定當前市場經濟條件下的國有企業為出發點，首先闡述了在社會主義計劃經濟時期、計劃經濟向市場經濟過渡時期以及市場經濟時期國有企業的概念。 -
I am concerned with starting an attitude towards the indisputable facts of the statut and condition of the composer of what we will, for the moment, designate as " serious, " advanced, " contemporary music. this composer expends an enoumous amount of time and energy - and usually, considerable money - on the creation of a commodity which has little, no, or negative commodity value
我考慮的是"嚴肅的（ serious ）深度的（ advanced ）當代音樂的作曲家" ，的不容置辯的事實的情況.這樣的作曲家，花了無數的時間與精力，及經常也包含了相當的錢-產生了其產（商）品，但該產（商）品，是沒有價值，很少價值，或甚至是負價值 -
Abstract : in this article, starting from solute s transport a nd diffusion equati on, aiming at the saturation state of liquid in homogeneous soil of impermeable stratum and on the condition that lots of saturated solute ( e. g. nutriment ) on t op of the soil maintain diffusion, a strict mathematical deduction is carried ou t, and the analytical solution of solute s concentration distribution in homogeneous s o il is given
文摘:從溶質輸移擴散方程出發，針對強透水層上均質土壤的液體飽和狀態，在頂層含有大量飽和溶質（如養分等）維持著滲透擴散的條件下，進行嚴密的數學推證，給出均質土壤中溶質濃度分佈的解析解。 -
With the development of exploitation of water and electricity, civilization and progress of society and rising of environment and law consciousness, sichuan, as the region most abundant in water power in china, has changed in the condition of development of water and electricity at home and abroad, especially in angle, starting point, goal and interests orientation where people look at problem, so all kinds of disputes appeared, conflicts are centralized, and questions are sensitive
四川作為中國水力資源最豐富最集中的地區，近年來隨著水電開發的持續加快以及社會的文明與進步，人們環保意識和法律意識的進一步增強，水電開發所處的國內國際條件也發生了變化，尤其人們看問題的角度、出發點、歸宿點和利益取向也發生了變化，各種紛爭逐步顯現，矛盾集中，問題敏感。 -
Abstract : this thesis, starting from the author ' s investigation and research for the recent 20 years of the site of the sunken ship, makes an analysis of four types of sunken ship sites in 10 cases, and infers the condition of liujiagang port in yuan and ming dynasties, as well as the reason why zheng singled out this place as his starting point
提要：本文由近20年來筆者對沉船遺址的調查與發掘實踐入手，分析和研究太倉元明二代沉船遺址的四種類型和10個案例，從而推證元明之際太倉劉家港的狀況以及鄭和下西洋選擇劉家港的原因。 -
There must be a marine casualty happened every 4 days before 1984, the amount of marine casualty happened at this area corresponds to 1 / 7 amount of the whole changjiang " marine casualty, so mariners gave it a name as " mouth of tiger ". due to the specific geographical condition and the extremely representative vessel traffic management of changjiang yingongzhou channel section, many intelligent people began researching and practicing the vessel traffic management of this changjiang " s down - stream complicated channel section from 1980s, at dec 15th 1984 the authority at that time - changjiang yingongzhou channel section previously ; up to the last years of 1980s ministry management administration applied traffic control on changjiang yingongzhou channel section previously, up to the last years of 1980s ministry of communications assigned shanghai marine college, shanghai ship & shipping research institute and changjiang harbor superintendence administration to make feasibility demonstrate about modern vts of zhenjiang traffic control section ; in 1990 dasha radar station which is the first radar vts station with inner river was finished, groped a new way for applying modern radar traffic control of vessel traffic management ; in 1997 the vtms of changjiang " s down - stream from nanjing to liuhekou was completed with connecting net and came into operation formally, meanwhile the signals of dasha radar station were conveyed to vts center by light cable, and then united applying vessel traffic management upon the whole authorized area ; in jun 2001 jiangsu msa made changjiang yingongzhou channel section as the first experimental group of creating " civilized, safe, passable channel activity, updating dasha radar antenna and receive - transmitter building closed - circuit television monitor system, setting uo safety warning board, starting navigational route reformation, carrying out united construction
1984以前這里平均每四天就發生一起海損事故，事故數占整個長江的1 7 ，被行船人稱為「老虎口」 。長江尹公洲航段緣其極為特殊的地理區位條件和極具代表性的船舶交通管理，從上個世紀八十年代初就有識之士開始了這個長江下游最復雜航段的船舶交通管理探索和實踐。 1984年11月15日當時的長江航政管理局在長江尹公洲水域率先施行交通管制；到八十年代末交通部委託上海海運學院、上海船舶研究所和長江港監局聯合開展鎮江交通管制段建立現代化交管系統的可行性論證； 1990年大沙雷達站? ?內河第一座雷達交管站建成，摸索實施現代化雷達交管的船舶交通管理新途徑； 1997年長江下游南京至瀏河口船舶交通管理系統建成聯網投入正式運行，同時將大沙交管雷達信號通過光纜傳輸至交管中心，統一實施全轄區船舶交通管理； 2001年6月江蘇海事局將長江尹公洲航段作為第一批創建「文明平安暢通航段」活動試點航段，更新大沙雷達天線和收發機，著手閉路工業電視監控系統建設，設立安全警示牌，啟動航路改革，開展聯合「共建」 。 -
According to the rule of mine safety regulations, an intrinsically safe pilot circuit with perfect performance for underground motor intelligent protective systems is put forward, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of self - starting that is caused by the earthing of control lines before starting motors, at the same time, can reliably cut off the switches to ensure the safety of underground production under operation condition no matter what the faults of short circuit, open circuit and earthing in the control circuits happened
根據煤礦安全規程規定設計了性能完善的本質安全型先導電路，起動前它能有效地防止因控制線接地造成自起動現象的發生，而且在運行中無論控制線發生短路、斷線還是接地故障，它均能可靠跳閘，確保生產的安全，該先導電路的性能指標達到了國內領先水平。 -
A new method is put forward on thermodynamics combustion model to make imitating research on egr - a software is made to calculate the amount of no from the gasoline by connecting with the practical condition in our country, starting with thermodynamics and experiment at the same time make a system research to influence by the exhaust gas returning system on the gasoline, such as exhaust gas, fuel economy, and power, finally a new thought is afforded for optimizing all the egr parameter in chapter 6
第五章採用上述診斷和預測模型對bj492q發動機進行了模擬計算和實驗研究，並探討了點火提前角、殘余廢氣系數、燃空比、壓縮比和火花塞位置對發動機性能的影響。第六章提出了基於熱力學燃燒模型對egr進行數值模擬的方法，系統地研究了車用汽油機加裝egr系統后對排放、油耗、功率的影響，並結合排放標準。提出了egr參數的全局優化的新思路。 -
The condition, under which the paraxial approximation is valid, is given. 4. starting from the rayleigh diffraction integral, the propagation equation of ultrashort pulsed beams in dispersive media has been derived without making the paraxial approximation and slowly varying envelope approximation ( svea ), which allows for relatively large angles
從瑞利衍射積分公式出發，未作慢變振幅近似和近軸近似的條件下，導出了等衍射長度超短脈沖高斯光束在色散介質中非近軸傳輸方程，可用來處理色散介質較大角度的傳輸。 -
It is of practical or immediate significance for the tourist exploitation and the management of diaoyu castle, as well as in promoting the development of local economy. starting with the value and functions of scenic and historic interest areas, the author of this essay discusses the key elements of the management of scenic areas on the basis of modem management theory, then takes diaoyu castle as an example and makes a thorough study on its values, present condition of tourist exploitation, management system, operating model, problems in daily management and administration, marketing, its managerial achievements and contributions to local economy
本文從分析風景名勝區的價值和作用入手，根據現代管理理論，分析了景區經營管理要素，然後以釣魚城為實例，對釣魚城風景名勝區的價值、旅遊開發現狀、管理體制、經營模式、經營管理中的問題、營銷管理現狀、經營績效及對地方經濟的貢獻等，進行了深入細致的分析研究，並根據可持續發展理論，對風景名勝區可持續發展問題進行了探討，指出風景名勝區的經營管理必須走可持續發展道路。 -
However, for the same river, the obvious regularity exists in critical starting condition and the physical and mechanical indexes : the critical starting condition of the muddy cohesive soil increases with the decrease of the shear strength and decreases with the increase of the moisture content ; the critical starting condition of silty clay is the minimum, and the relation of the clay, the shear strength and the moisture content is nonlinear ; and the critical starting condition of the cohesive soil increases with the increase of the shear strength and the moisture content
而對同一條河流而言，起動臨界條件與物理力學指標之間則存在明顯的規律性：即對淤泥質粘土，起動臨界條件隨抗剪強度的減小而增大，隨含水量的增大而減小；粉質粘土的起動臨界條件最小，與抗剪強度、含水量呈非線性關系；粘土起動臨界條件則隨抗剪強度、含水量的增大而增大。 -
( 2 ) starting off with analyzing the forces affected on single dry solid granule on the roller screen, the relative slippage and slipping condition of granule at the tangential direction and axis direction of roller screen are discussed, and the average slipping conveyance velocity from feeding end to discharging end is given. the throwing conveyance of granule is discussed, the throwing coefficient of roller screen and its varying rule, and the concept of average throwing coefficient and its computing method are put forward, the starting condition and terminating condition for throwing motion of granule on the roller screen and the throwing conveyance velocity of granule are researched. the influence on throwing motion of granule by the rotating velocity of roller screen is discussed as well
（ 2 ）從筒式篩網上單顆干固相顆粒的受力分析著手，討論了顆粒在筒式篩網面上的切向相對滑動和軸向相對滑動及滑動條件，並導出了顆粒從進料端向出料端滑動運移平均速度；討論了顆粒的拋擲運移，給出了筒式篩網上的拋擲指數及其變化規律，提出了筒式篩網的平均拋擲指數的概念及計算方法，研究了筒式篩網上顆粒拋擲運移的產生條件和終止條件，以及顆粒拋擲運移的輸送速度；還討論了筒式篩網的旋轉角速度對顆粒拋擲運動產生的影響。 -
The one of the loss of effectiveness is the friction piece ' s bum of the clutch, there fore, in the designing of priority, the clutch ' s with of friction power is smaller than the permitted value in the reduction of the starting the truck, and it also increases the permitted condition of decreasing cloth ' s friction hot volume
選擇出摩擦片最佳參數，並保證離合器的機械性能是摩擦片參數優化的目標，本課題中由於失效形式之一是離合器摩擦片燒傷。因此，在優化設計中除保留減少汽車起步過程中離合器的單位面積滑磨功小於其許用值的約束條件外，還增加了降低離合器的滑磨熱容量的約束條件。 -
Based on a large number of literature references, combining the facts of chinese telecommunication operating enterprises development and the long - term practice of author in telecommunication administrative department, the article expatiates on related theories of strategic management in detail ; analyzes the development status in quo and existing primary problems of chinese telecommunication operating enterprises ; conducts strategic analysis and evaluation to chinese telecommunication enterprises with swot method, and analyzes the trade competition condition of chinese telecommunication operating enterprises from the point of industrial structure ; puts forward generic competitive strategy, stock system reform, multiple operation strategy, marketing strategy, enterprise innovation strategy and multinational operation strategy for choice by chinese telecommunication operating enterprises ; and puts forward strategy implementation measures in three aspects including starting up business process reengineering ( bpr ) as soon as possible, gradually establishing flexible organization under dynamic competitive condition, and actively driving development and management of human resource in knowledge enterprises
本文結合我國電信運營企業發展的實際，及本人長期在電信管理部門工作的實踐，在查閱了大量文獻資料的基礎上，對戰略管理相關理論進行了較為詳盡的闡述；分析研究了中國電信運營企業的發展現狀和存在的主要問題；運用swot分析法對中國電信企業進行了戰略分析與評價，並從產業結構的角度對中國電信運營企業的行業競爭情況進行了分析；提出了可供我國電信運營企業選擇的一般競爭戰略、股份制改造、多元化經營戰略、市場營銷戰略、企業創新戰略、跨國經營戰略；並從盡早啟動企業業務流程重組（ bpr ） 、逐步建立動態競爭條件下的柔性組織、積極推進知識型企業人力資源的開發與管理三個方面，提出了戰略實施的措施。 -
So they are emotionally close to each other ; which will make the second instance court have prejudice and believe the first instance court easily ; iii ) the low tier of the last instance court will provide convenient condition for the botulism ; iv ) the higher tier courts back of the experience dealing with cases, it ' s hard for them to supervise and direct the lover courts ; v ) too many starting of the retrial procedures make the system of court of second instance being that of last instance exist in name only
其弊端主要表現在：一是作為主要終審法院的中級法院審判水平相對較低，難以矯正不公正的一審裁判；二是一、二審法院因地緣、業緣關系的親近易導致感情上的親近，從而導致終審法院先入為主地輕信一審法院的裁判；三是終審法院級別較低為地方保護主義的滋生提供了溫床；四是級別較高法院缺乏實際審判案件的經驗，難以對下級法院實行審判監督和業務指導。 -
Through the test of the undisturbed soil samples from zhongyun river, changxing island of yangtze river, and the water channel of huaihe river to sea, it is considered that the critical starting condition for soil in different channes are different because of the difference of the formation conditions, qualities and structures, though the physical and mechanical properties of soil is similar
摘要通過對中運河、長江長興島、淮河入海水道等河道原狀土樣起動試驗，認為各河道土質由於其形成條件、土質結構等方面存在差異，即使具有相近的物理力學特性，其起動臨界條件也不盡相同。
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