subject-matter of contract 中文意思是什麼
subject-matter of contract
解釋
契約標的-
The second chapter firstly expounds upon some principles of incorporation clause in the b / l under c / p at common law : a clause which is directly germane to the subject matter of the bill of lading ( that is to the shipment, carriage and delivery of goods ) can and should be incorporated into the bill of lading contract ; the ancillary terms / clauses of the charter - party could not be incorporated into the bill of lading unless these ancillary terms / clauses are explained by the specific words in the charter - party or in the bill of lading ; presumed intention of charter - parties should be found by the incorporation clause ; an incorporation clause is subject to the loading, carriage and delivery of the goods ; only charter - party terms, which are usual and reason, could be included in the bill of lading etc. - 1 - based on these rules i elaborate on some terms of the charter - party which often arise disputes, for example freight clause, dead - freight clause, demurrage clause and arbitration clause etc. could be incorporated into the bill of lading or not ; if could how these clauses should be incorporated into b / l
第二章首先闡明英美普通法中對租約提單中併入條款解釋的幾大原則：與合約標的事項直接關聯的原則； 「附屬性條款」需有效合併的原則；合併條款要尋求雙方訂約的意願；合併主要是針對與貨物運輸和貨物交付有關的內容；合併的條款必須公平合理等原則。然後根據這些原則，具體闡述租約中容易產生糾紛的條款，如運費條款、虧艙費條款、滯期費條款、仲裁條款等條款能否併入提單，如何併入提單的問題。在具體說明的過程中，也闡述了我國海商法的規定及實務中的做法，並盡可能對其進行分析，指出其中不完善之處，並試圖提出一些改進的方法。 -
Clause 9 where as set forth in paragraph 2 of article 44 of the contract law, the relevant law or administration regulation provides that the effectiveness of a certain contract is subject to completion of the relevant approval procedure, or the relevant approval and registration procedures, if before completion of court debate by the parties in the trial of first instance, the parties still fail to carry out the relevant approval procedure, or approval and registration procedures, as the case may be, the people ' s court shall rule that the contract has not yet taken effect ; if the relevant law or administration regulation requires that a certain contract be registered without subjecting its effectiveness to such registration, then failure to effect registration shall not impair the effectiveness of the contract, provided that such failure constitutes an impediment to the conveyance of title to, or such other real right in, the subject matter of the contract
第九條依照合同法第四十四條第二款的規定，法律、行政法規規定合同應當辦理批準手續，或者辦理批準、登記等手續才生效，在一審法庭辯論終結前當事人仍未辦理批準手續的，或者仍未辦理批準、登記等手續的，人民法院應當認定該合同未生效；法律、行政法規規定合同應當辦理登記手續，但未規定登記後生效的，當事人未辦理登記手續不影響合同的效力，合同標的物所有權及其他物權不能轉移。 -
Where the subject - matter insured is warranted free from particular average, the assured cannot recover for a loss of part, other than a loss incurred by a general average sacrifice, unless the contract contained in the policy be apportionable ; but, if the contract be apportionable, the assured may recover for a total loss of any apportionable part
這段話的意思是：如果保險標的按不賠單獨海損條款投保，除非保險合同是可分割的，被保險人所遭受的部分損失不能獲得賠償，但屬于共同海損犧牲的損失可獲賠償；若保險合同是可分割的，被保險人就任何可分割部分的全損可獲賠償。 -
If the buyer rejects the subject matter or terminates the contract, the risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter is borne by the seller
買受人拒絕接受標的物或者解除合同的，標的物毀損、滅失的風險由出賣人承擔。 -
Buyer ' s assumption of the risk of damage to or loss of the subject matter does not prejudice its right to hold the seller liable for breach of contract if the seller rendered non - conforming performance
第一百四十九條標的物毀損、滅失的風險由買受人承擔的，不影響因出賣人履行債務不符合約定，買受人要求其承擔違約責任的權利。 -
Where the seller sells the subject matter which has been delivered to a carrier for transportation and is in transit, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the risk of damage or loss is borne by the buyer as from the time of formation of the contract
第一百四十四條出賣人出賣交由承運人運輸的在途標的物，除當事人另有約定的以外，毀損、滅失的風險自合同成立時起由買受人承擔。 -
Article 144 risk allocation for subject matter in transit where the seller sells the subject matter which has been delivered to a carrier for transportation and is in transit, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the risk of damage or loss is borne by the buyer as from the time of formation of the contract
第一百四十四條出賣人出賣交由承運人運輸的在途標的物，除當事人另有約定的以外，毀損、滅失的風險自合同成立時起由買受人承擔。 -
In consideration of an additional premium, it is hereby agreed that this insurance covers, subject always to the exclusions contained in this insurance, loss of or damage to the subject - matter insured, whilst on the ship, caused by error, neglect or default of the carrier or his servants in the navigation or management of the ship, for which they are relieved from liability under the contract of carriage
以支付附加保險費為對價，茲同意本保險承保保險標的在船期間，由於承運人或其雇員在駕駛或管理船舶方面的錯誤、過失或贖職行為所造成，根據運輸合同被免除責任的滅失或損害，但仍須受本保險所含的除外責任的制約。 -
Article 136 delivery of related materials by seller in addition to the document for taking delivery, the seller shall deliver to the buyer documents and materials related to the subject matter in accordance with the contract or in accordance with the relevant usage
第一百三十六條出賣人應當按照約定或者交易習慣向買受人交付提取標的物單證以外的有關單證和資料。 -
Where the assured assigns or otherwise parts with his interest in the subject - matter insured, he does not thereby transfer to the assignee his rights under the contract of insurance, unless there be an express or implied agreement with the assignee to that effect
被保險人若轉讓或以其他方式放棄其保險標的利益，他並不因此將其保險合同下的權利轉讓給受讓人，除非與受讓人訂有轉讓保險權益的明示或默示協議。 -
Upon termination of a contract, a performance which has not been rendered is discharged ; if a performance has been rendered, a party may, in light of the degree of performance and the nature of the contract, require the other party to restore the subject matter to its original condition or otherwise remedy the situation, and is entitled to claim damages
第九十七條合同解除后，尚未履行的，終止履行；已經履行的，根據履行情況和合同性質，當事人可以要求恢復原狀、採取其他補救措施，並有權要求賠償損失。 -
It is shown that there are different degree defects in a few definitions in the theories field. in overview of the general requests for giving a definition and the character of the offense of insurance fraud, the writer views that the offense of insurance fraud refers to the act of policy holder, the insured and beneficiary in the insurance contract relation violating the regulations of insurance law to illegally occupy as its purpose, adopt deliberately falsifying the subject matter of the insurance ; or cooking up the cause of an insured accident or overstating the extent of loss ; or inventing stories an insured accident that does not occur ; or deliberately causing the occurrence an insured accident that leads to property ; or deliberately making insurance accidents to swindle large sums of insurance. it has the characteristics as follows : their being subjectively in the diversity of the criminals, the combination of intelligence and cruelty of the criminals, simpler in criminal suspect ; their being objectively in deceptive, crime means " profession to turn, the crime activity concealment very strong, be involved amount of money huge, usually living with other crime companions, the severity of the consequences of the crime, higher black number of crime, and having a thing
筆者認為:保險詐騙罪的犯罪客體不屬于本罪的構成要件，保險詐騙罪的成立僅須具備犯罪主體要件、犯罪主觀要件和犯罪客觀要件三個要件即可;鑒于保險詐騙罪的預備形態在現實中的危害性不大，本文僅就保險詐騙罪的未遂形態和中止形態進行了探討;著重探討了保險詐騙罪共犯中的身份問題，對保險詐騙罪的教唆犯和幫助犯的構成特徵及刑事責任進行了探討;逐一對保險詐騙罪的實質一罪（法規競合與想像競合）和處罰一罪（牽連犯與吸收犯）進行了分析;同時，從犯罪數額和主觀目的上討論了保險詐騙罪的成罪條件，將保險詐騙罪與普通詐騙罪和合同詐騙罪進行了區分;最後，在對保險詐騙罪立法沿革和立法模式分析的基礎上，從保險詐騙罪的主體、主觀方面、客觀方面以及立法技術等幾個方面對保險詐騙罪的缺陷及其完善提出了自己的看法。 -
Article 130 definition of sales contract a sales contract is a contract whereby the seller transfers title to the subject matter to the buyer, who pays the price
第一百三十條買賣合同是出賣人轉移標的物的所有權于買受人，買受人支付價款的合同。 -
We hereby acknowledge receipt of usd16, 533. 44 in full and final settlement of our claim for partial / total loss / damage and by virtue of such payment you become subrogated to all our rights and remedies in and in respect of the subject matter insured in accordance with the laws governing the contract of insurance
在此我們確認聲明已無誤收到貨損賠償金usd16 ， 533 . 44 ，特此對於此款項你方可以接替承繼我方所有理賠權益，根據合約投保條款及相關法律條文對貨損事件予以執行 -
The contract sets forth the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto as to the subject matter of the contract and merges and supersedes all prior discussions, agreements and understandings of any and every nature between the parties hereto
合同規定及有關雙方都理解整份協議屬合同內容，它合併取代了先前雙方之間的所有討論、協定及對任何具體條款的理解。 -
Where the buyer knew or should have known that the subject matter was subject to a third party claim at the time of conclusion of the contract, the seller does not assume the obligation prescribed in article 150 hereof
第一百五十一條買受人訂立合同時知道或者應當知道第三人對買賣的標的物享有權利的，出賣人不承擔本法第一百五十條規定的義務。 -
The carrier may exercise the lien on goods by the manner of applying for seizure of the goods. but the law of special proceeding of maritime action stipulates that the subject matter of seizure should belong to the defendant, the provision restricts the manner of exercising the right of lien, so we can draw a conclusion that the provision is not reasonable. alteration and assignment of contracts the contract of carriage of goods by sea usually involves the benefits of a third party
四、合同的變更與轉讓問題，本文對絕大多數情況下均會涉及到第三人利益的運輸合同的變更和轉讓，結合海上貨物運輸合同的實踐作法分析了《合同法》有關規定對其的影響，五、不合理繞航問題， 《合同法》第九十四條第四項實質上是將根本違約作為合同解除事由加以規定，並以違約行為及其嚴重性作為判斷標準。 -
Article 39 the insured value of the subject matter of the insurance may be agreed by the applicant and the insurer, and specified in the contract ; or it may be assessed based on the actual value of the subject matter of the insurance at the time of the occurrence of the insured event
第三十九條保險標的的保險價值，可以由投保人和保險人約定並在合同中載明，也可以按照保險事故發生時保險標的的實際價值確定。 -
A contract of hired work includes terms such as the subject matter of hire, quantity, quality, remuneration, method of hire, supply of materials, time of performance, standard applicable to and method of acceptance inspection, etc
第二百五十二條承攬合同的內容包括承攬的標的、數量、質量、報酬、承攬方式、材料的提供、履行期限、驗收標準和方法等條款。 -
Article 252 terms of contract of hired work a contract of hired work includes terms such as the subject matter of hire, quantity, quality, remuneration, method of hire, supply of materials, time of performance, standard applicable to and method of acceptance inspection, etc
第二百五十二條承攬合同的內容包括承攬的標的、數量、質量、報酬、承攬方式、材料的提供、履行期限、驗收標準和方法等條款。
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