substance dependence 中文意思是什麼

substance dependence 解釋
藥物依賴
  • substance : n 1 物質，材料；【哲學】實體，本體，本質 （opp appearance）。2 實質，內容；（故事等的）要旨，要領...
  • dependence : n. 1. 依賴，依靠。2. 依靠之物，靠山。3. 信任，信賴。4. 從屬；隸屬。5. 【物理學】依存（關系）。6. 【法律】未決。
  1. In the interviews, people were asked about symptoms of alcohol abuse and dependence and diagnosed for depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorder and other psychiatric problems

    在采訪中，人們被問及有無酗酒和酒精依賴的癥狀，並被診斷為抑鬱、雙相情感障礙、焦慮癥、物質濫用和其他的一些精神疾病。
  2. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued

    藥物依賴的標志，首先是逐漸提高的使用量，需要服用更多的物質才能達到效果；其後是如果停止使用該物質，便會有明顯的不適癥狀。
  3. Psychologists and psychiatrists formally define substance dependence as a disorder characterized by criteria that include spending a great deal of time using the substance ; using it more often than one intends ; thinking about reducing use or making repeated unsuccessful efforts to reduce use ; giving up important social, family or occupational activities to use it ; and reporting withdrawal symptoms when one stops using it

    心理學家和心理醫師已經將物質依賴正式定義為一種精神疾病，患者的主要特徵包括：花很多時間使用該物質；無法克制自己使用該物質的慾望；想要減少使用，或是屢次嘗試降低使用量，都不成功；為了使用該物質，不惜放棄許多重要的社交、家庭或職場活動；停止使用時，會出現戒斷癥狀。
  4. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired ffect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued

    對藥品的依賴性首先表現為不斷增長的耐藥量，要產生想得到的效果所需要的藥品劑量越來越大，然後表現為當停止用藥后，令人不快的停藥癥狀的出現。
  5. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance ， with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect ， and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued

    參考譯文]對藥品的依賴性首先表現為不斷增長的耐藥量，要產生想得到的效果所需要的藥品劑量越來越大，然後表現為當停止用藥后，令人不快的停藥癥狀的出現。
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