substitution of tax payment for profit 中文意思是什麼

substitution of tax payment for profit 解釋
利改稅
  • substitution : n. 1. 代，代用，代替，更替，置換。2. 【化學】取代；【數學】代換；代入；【法律】預定繼承人；【語法】詞的代用。adj. -al ,-ary adj.
  • of : OF ＝Old French 古法語。
  • tax : n 1 稅，租稅，租款 （on; upon）。2 〈美國〉會費。3 負擔。4 （pl es） 〈英口〉收稅官。vt 1 對…抽稅...
  • payment : n. 1. 支付；繳納；付款額，報酬；支付物。2. 報償；補償；賠償。3. 報復，報仇；懲罰。
  • for : FOR f o r ＝ free on rail 【商業】火車上交貨（價格）。1 〈表示目標、去向〉向，往。 leave [sail] f...
  • profit : n 1 〈常 pl 〉贏余，利潤，賺頭 （opp loss）; 利潤率。2 〈常 pl 〉紅利。3 得益，益處。vt 有利於，...
  1. A review of the reforming process of state - owned enterprises ( soes ) in china will reveal that, though a series of reforms have been introduced which include management power delegation and profit concession, substitution of tax payment for profit delivery and contract system, soes in china are coming to face a even more difficult situation

    縱觀國有企業改革歷程，多年來在放權讓利、利改稅、承包制等改革中一步步走向困境，從重中之重變為難中之難。即使是建立現代企業制度，也大多只是形式上照抄照搬，制約國有企業的根本因素並沒有得到解決。
  2. From the reform of the gross economy mechanism in 1981, the reform of state - owned enterprises had taken measures of allowing enterprises to have more autonomy and profit retention, substitution of tax payment for profit delivery, contract with and tenancy enterprises. the key is adjusting the residual claimancy proportions between state and enterprises and expanding the range of enterprises operators " autonomy

    從1981年全面經濟體制改革開始，國家對國有企業逐步實行了放權讓利、利改稅、承包經營、租賃經營等措施，其著力點是調整企業與國家之間在企業中各自佔有的剩餘索取權比例，擴大企業經營者的經營自主權。
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