territorial jurisdiction 中文意思是什麼
territorial jurisdiction
解釋
地區管轄- territorial : adj. 1. 領土的。2. 土地的。3. 區域的，地方的。4. 〈T-〉〈美國〉準州的，領土（或領地）的。n. 1. 〈T-〉〈英國〉本土軍士兵。2. 地方部隊的士兵。adv. -ly
- jurisdiction : n. 1. 裁判權；司法；司法權。2. 管轄權；管轄范圍；權限。adj. -al
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Secondly, the article makes a further research on the existing problems in the system of jurisdiction, which includes the statutory jurisdiction, such as territorial jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, grade jurisdiction, and includes jurisdiction by order, such as referral jurisdiction, designate jurisdiction, and includes specific jurisdiction and jurisdiction by agreement, etc. there is a special theory and practice of jurisdiction in maritime action, such as distress jurisdiction, action in rem, etc. in the aspect of the jurisdiction of international maritime action, the article puts an emphasis on how to coordinate and develop the jurisdiction conflicts of international maritime action
從而再進一步研究包括地域管轄、上訴管轄、級別管轄在內的法定管轄和移送、指定等裁定管轄以及專屬管轄、協議管轄等管轄體系中的各個問題。海事訴訟具有獨特的管轄理論與實踐，比如扣押管轄、對物訴訟等。就國際海事訴訟管轄而論，重點在於國際海事訴訟管轄如何協調和發展。 -
According to the united nations convention on the law of the sea, the article follows expounding the legal position of internal waters, the territorial sea, the adjacent zone, the exclusive economic zone, international straits, archipelagic waters and the high seas, and analyzing the rights and obligations of coastal countries in above areas and the criminal jurisdiction and civil jurisdiction of the coastal country and the flag state. then, the article clears up the rights of shipping of vessels in different areas, which is the main point of the paper. circling this main point, the article further makes some advice to better our regulations on the law of the sea
因此，本文從船舶的定義及船舶航行權的性質和意義入手，以《聯合國海洋法公約》為依據，闡述了公約所劃定的內水、領海、毗連區、專屬經濟區、國際海峽、群島水域及公海的法律地位、分析沿海國在這些海域中的權利和義務，以及沿海國與船旗國對船舶的刑事、民事管轄權，進而明確了船舶在不同海域的航行權，並圍繞這一中心問題，提出了完善我國海洋法律制度的相關建議。 -
It is pointed out that whether u. s. exerts its fiscal jurisdiction based on the territorial or the personal principle, international double taxation is possible to be created because of the overlapping of u. s. and foreign fiscal jurisdiction ; that u. s. avoids international double taxation by signing bilaterally tax treaties and proscribing unilaterally internal tax rules ; that in the internal tax law u. s. adopts the methods of ftc, exemption and deduction, among which the ftc method is the most important
第一章首先討論了美國抵免制度的法律背景，包括美國行使稅收管轄權產生國際雙重征稅的情形，美國避免國際雙重征稅的途徑與方法等；然後對美國抵免制度作了概括性介紹，並通過與免稅法和扣除法的對比，得出抵免法是美國消除國際雙重征稅主要方法的結論。 -
Sunken ships and sunken articles retrieved from sea areas under prc jurisdiction outside its inland or territorial sea, their value in price will be shared by the chinese and foreign salvage operators in proportions as stipulated in the contract
二）在中華人民共和國內海、領海外屬中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域內撈獲的沉船沉物，由參與打撈的中外雙方按照合同規定的比例對撈獲物或者其折價進行分成。 -
In the case of foreign businesses taking part in salvaging sunken ships and sunken articles in sea areas outside prc inland or territorial sea but under prc jurisdiction, the foreign businesses should bear all costs and economic risks involved in scanning, measuring, surveying and probing operations
外商參與在中華人民共和國內海、領海外屬中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域內打撈沉船沉物，應當承擔掃測探摸階段的全部費用和經濟風險。 -
As china ' s important law in this particular field, it provides a legal basis for the country to exercise sovereignty over its territorial seas and jurisdiction over the adjacent zones and safeguard the state ' s safety and marine rights and interests
這是中國海洋領域的一項重要法律制度，為行使領海主權和毗連區管制權，維護國家安全和海洋權益提供了法律依據。 -
The author studies the territorial jurisdiction of preservation of maritime claims before instituting an action and its corresponding substantive claims and proposes that the creditor ' s right to choose a preferable place be reasonably limited and the jurisdiction of preservation of maritime claims be conditionally enlarged so as to achieve equity between the creditor and the debtor
探討了訴前海事請求保全和相應的實體請求的地域管轄問題，認為對債權人， 「擇地行訴」的行為應當加以限制，並應有條件地擴大海事請求保全的管轄地，在債權人與債務人之間實現公平。 -
The charter of the united nations specifically stipulates that the united nations and its members shall refrain from any action against the territorial integrity or political independence of any of its members or any state and shall not intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state
聯合國憲章明確規定：聯合國和它的成員國不得侵害任何會員國或國家之領土完整或政治獨立，不得干涉在本質上屬于任何國家國內管轄的事件。 -
And many foreign multinational corporations are doing the same. in reality, the need for extraterritorial application is increasing. but the definition of extraterritorial application is not universal and varies from " effect theory " in usa to " objective territorial jurisdiction " in germany
如上所述，經濟管制法的涉外適用現象在經濟強國特別是在美國的表現較為突出，對這種經濟管制的適用的正當與否必然引起各國間的沖突，圍繞這些問題存在的國際間的緊張氣一直高漲。 -
Although according to the un convention on the law of the sea, exclusive economic zone is different from territorial sea, yet in exclusive economic zone, the lateral countries have sovereign rights and jurisdiction over the maritime resources on the seabed and maritime environment
盡管根據海洋法，專屬經濟區同領海不一樣，但是沿岸國對專屬經濟區仍然擁有對海洋資源、海洋環境、海底有關自然資源的主權權益和管轄權。 -
But in open economy, the release of control of foreign exchange and capital, the internationalization ( integration ) of capital market enable the capital ’ s free flow in and out a certain country, this means the taxation policy of capital import country a may seem very special to capital export country b ’ s, and makes the taxation system that is simply based on territorial jurisdiction infeasible. while making a specific taxation policy, all the countries must refer to both territorial jurisdiction and global jurisdiction or more jurisdictions ( with the exception of few countries )
認為在其他投資環境因素相同的條件下，稅收是影響外國直接投資的重要因素，同時強調了非稅因素在國際資本流動中的重要性;各種稅收優惠政策，有利有弊，各國在不同發展階段，應根據國情採取不同的優惠方式;國際社會通過制定法規和加強國際合作進行稅收協調，防止惡性稅收競爭，共同維護國際投資環境的秩序是非常必要的。 -
According to foreign countries, america court has been using long - arm jurisdiction in the internet cases. in 1945, national shoes corp. v. washington, which is a landmark of continental civil action of u. s., has become the origin of long - arm jurisdiction ; the court in eec also adopt the same principle of territorial jurisdiction actively. emphasizing the principle of local jurisdiction, they permit their members take the requirement that the service providers, who set up their corporation in forum place, should comply with the internal law of forum state
從國外看，美國法院已將長臂管轄權適用於涉網案件中， 1945年「國際鞋業公司訴華盛頓州」一案是美國州際民事訴訟中的里程碑，成為長臂管轄權萌生的開端；歐盟法院積極主張採用相同的屬地管轄權原則，允許其成員國要求在法院地開業的服務提供商遵守其國內法，強調「源地管轄權原則」 。 -
The extra - territorial jurisdiction of american legal systems on anti - unfair competitions
美國反不正當競爭法律制度的域外適用 -
It is quite possible for foreign courts, including those of the usa, to have extra - territorial jurisdiction over offences committed in hong kong
外國法院包括美國法院對在香港觸犯的罪行有域外司法管轄權是完全可能發生的事。 -
The chinese criminal code gives the mainland courts extra - territorial jurisdiction over crimes committed by chinese nationals who are mainland residents
根據中國刑法，在內地居住的中國公民如觸犯罪行，內地法院可行使域外司法管轄權，對他們進行審判。 -
There is no reason to fear that the mainland will normally seek to exercise extra - territorial jurisdiction over hong kong residents who commit offences in hong kong
有人擔心內地會普遍對在香港犯案的香港居民行使域外司法管轄權。這種憂慮是沒有根據的。 -
In judicial practice of civil procedure, a tough question was produced as whether the traditional rules of territorial jurisdiction for infringements apply to the cyberspace
在民事訴訟實踐中，我們面臨的首要問題就是：指導傳統侵權之訴的地域管轄規則在網路侵權案中是否仍然適用 -
The chinese criminal code gives the mainland courts extra - territorial jurisdiction over crimes committed by chinese nationals who are mainland residents. hong kong courts also have jurisdiction over the case
根據《中國刑法》 ，在內地居住的中國公民如觸犯罪行，內地法院可行使域外司法管轄權，對他們進行審判。 -
In part two the author observes a series of specific economic field, where the developed countries exercise extra - territorial jurisdiction. most of the acts are done by the united states, and based on the controversial “ effects doctrine ”
只有這樣，才能維護國家經濟主權利益，才能防止外國利用我們的法律盲點大做文章，也才能推動國際經濟關系的協調發展和國際經濟新秩序的建立。 -
Through the way of providing the guarantee of the political risk for the overseas investment by the policy - type insurance organization set up by the government provides, the scheme ingeniously resolves the long - term passive position of the home government in the investment protection, effectively avoids the conflicts over the jurisdiction between the personal jurisdiction ( or territorial jurisdiction ) of the host country
該制度具體通過由政府設立的政策性保險機構為海外投資提供政治風險擔保的方式，巧妙的化解了母國政府在投資保護上長期以來所處的被動地位，可以有效避開東道國對海外投資企業基於屬地（或屬人）的管轄權和母國對投資者基於屬人的管轄權之間的沖突，為本國的海外投資提供有效的法律保障。
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