time pricing 中文意思是什麼
time pricing
解釋
時間定價-
At the same time opec has lost its pricing unity, as individual members have increasingly returned to autonomous price announcements.
與此同時，石油輸出國組織不能做到統一定價，因為各個成員國越來越多地回復到自行宣布價格的做法。 -
Time segment pricing of electricity can refresh the information of electric distribution cost in a very short time, and provids the basis for optimizing power generating to the power plant
摘要分時電價能在很短的時段更新供電成本的信息，為電廠提供優化發電功率的依據。 -
Infomercials ? criteria for success : 10 time mark up, demo ability, time payments if expensive ? appropriate pricing
電視直銷?成功的準則： 10倍漲價，示範其能力，昂貴的話分期付款?適當的定價。 -
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
Been restricted on interest rate for long time, the domestic commercial banks are all weak in loan pricing, such as ( 1 ) the loan pricing not been involved in the decision mechanism of credit ; ( 2 ) lacking of risk price ration system ; ( 3 ) mismatching between the interest rate and the risk of the loan items
由於長期的利率管制，我國商業銀行的貸款定價管理十分薄弱，主要體現為貸款定價未被納入信貸決策機制中；缺乏定量化的定價系統；利率浮動的幅度未能反映借款人的信用水平及貸款項目的風險程度。 -
After demonstration we can get the main conclusions : there are notable positive relativity between audit fee and audtee ' s total assetses or subsidiaries, and auditor ' s scale ; while the audit opnion is not clean, audit fees are higher, but audit quality are n ' t increased that suggestes that independentance in chinese public audit market is negative. ; when auditors give special audit or consultations, they may demand more audit fees and their auditees may buy audit opinions ; there is pricing - cutting when cpa audit listed companies that need middle audit or special audit or consultations for the first time ; there is also a unprompted price bottom line in chinese public audit market, but audit quality is n ' t improved for it
通過實證，得出的結論主要有：我國證券市場的審計費用和客戶資產、經營規模、事務所規模顯著正相關；出具非標準無保留意見的審計報告，審計費用較高，但審計質量並沒有提高；提供專項審計或管理咨詢服務的事務所收取的審計費用顯著偏高，上市公司有利用這些服務收買審計意見的行為；在有中期審計和專項審計或管理咨詢的公司，注冊會計師初次審計存在一定的「削價」行為；上市公司獨立審計市場自發形成審計價格下限，但沒因此促成審計質量自發的提高。 -
On the one hand, the author discusses markowitz ' s mean - variance portfolio selection model, single - index portfolio selection model, and simplified model of optimal portfolio selection. at the same time, based on the rules of optimal portfolio selection and other risk - metric indices, the author also discusses mean - absolute deviation model, mean - semivariance model and mean - value at risk model. on the other hand, the author discusses the asset pricing model, including the capital asset pricing model ( capm ), the multi - factor asset pricing model, and the arbitrage pricing model ( apt )
一方面，作者討論了馬科維茲的均值-方差資產組合選擇模型、單指數資產組合選擇模型、最優資產組合選擇的簡化模型，同時根據最優資產組合選擇原則和其他風險度量指標，討論了均值-絕對離差、均值-半方差和均值-風險價值資產組合選擇模型；另一方面，作者討論了資產定價模型，包括多因素資產定價模型和套利定價模型，特別是在四種因素變量的基礎上，探討多因素資產定價模型。 -
Meanwhile, even with a clear intention to do so, the practice of lending, and the pricing of lending, in accordance with state policy and not the credit worthiness of the borrower takes time to get rid of
與此同時，即使有明確的意向，但要改變按國家政策而非借款人的信貸質素批出貸款及釐定貸款息率的做法，仍需一段時間。 -
Main achievements : raised the guiding thoughts, pricing strategy and pricing standard, and posed suggestions about the range of price control of linklaters and alliance in the sort of production, life and social service, and constructed measures and advices regulating the price of linklaters and alliance first time
主要研究成果:首次提出了公司關聯交易指導思想、定價策略、定價基準;首次提出了公司生產、生活、社會服務類關聯交易價格控制幅度建議;首次構建了規范公司關聯交易價格管理的措施、建議。 -
Optimal power flow is an analyzing and optimizing method of power networks, considering economy and security at the same time. it has been widely applied to secure operation, economic dispatch, energy management and pricing of electric power, etc. with the fast development of power market, the importance of practical uses of opf is standing out increasingly
最優潮流（ opf ）是一種同時考慮經濟性和安全性的電力網路分析和優化方法，在電力系統的安全運行、經濟調度、可靠性分析、能量管理以及電力定價等方面得到了廣泛的應用。 -
To regard market demand as driving force and optimize the business procedure of each link that enterprises distribute system : purchase management, allot management, sale management, provide and deliver management, stock control, customer management, settlement management, pricing system management, market analysis, etc., and make enterprises grasp all kinds of information and make the fast reaction to the change of market demand in time, thus promote the each sale nodal connection of enterprises and the distribution system. with the shortest supply route, the fastest reaction speed, the minimum cost, individualized products and service, and improve the customer s satisfaction
以市場需求為驅動力，優化企業分銷體系各個環節的業務流程：采購管理調撥管理同城異地銷售管理配送管理庫存管理客戶管理結算管理價格體系管理市場分析等等，使企業及時掌握各類信息並對市場需求的變化做出快速反應，從而增進企業與分銷體系各銷售節點的聯系，以最短的供應路線最快的反應速度最低的成本個性化的產品與服務，提高客戶的滿意度。 -
According to this article ' s research and relative literatures, the test of market efficiency must combine the test of price time series " statistical properties with pricing models
根據本文的研究並結合有關的文獻，本文認為市場有效性的檢驗必須是價格序列統計特性檢驗與定價模型的聯合檢驗。 -
Under the assumptions that product demand is price - dependent and allowable shortage, the inventory and sale model is established by dynamic pricing approach, in which the time value of money and reservations may cancel advance orders is included, and the validity is verified by numerical examples
摘要在需求率是價格的函數，允許缺貨的條件下，採用動態價格策略，考慮允許顧客取消預訂和貨幣時間價值的影響，建立一個庫存銷售模型，並用數值實例驗證模型的有效性。 -
It presents a model to predict dynamical demand of market in revenue management system by computer simulate algorithm, which regulates real - time pricing and classed seat allocation simultaneously on the basis of the maximized profit
應用計算機模擬演算法動態構造民航收益管理系統中的需求預測模型，並根據航班收益最大化原則，確定價格與座位存量分配，根據需求變化實時調整價格和座位存量。 -
Stock liquidity and asset pricing : empirical analysis from the perspective of time - series regression
基於時間序列回歸的實證分析 -
Integrating electricity and piped utilities consumption, weather and real - time pricing feeds, as well as other relevant data inputs, the software reveals inefficiencies, tracks performance metrics and supports accurate budgeting exercises
通過整合電力和管道輸送的動力消耗指標、天氣和實時定價進給，以及其他相關的數據輸入，這套軟體可以顯示無效率的方面，跟蹤執行的衡量標準，以及支持精確的預算使用。 -
During the short time after mbo come into china, it was found many problems, such as unequal pricing, financing difficulty and incompletion of financial information. last year, ministry of finance announced that only medium and minor state - owned enterprises can practice mbo
在mbo進入我國前後不到十年時間里，由於實施中出現的種種問題，如自買自賣，暗箱操作等問題，學術界，經濟界關于mbo也正展開著激烈的爭辯，財政部、國資委的規定也越來越規范。 -
3. in no - effective market, investors will face trading costs which can n ' t be neglected. based on defining the trading costs, this paper set up a no - linear option pricing model with discrete trading time, and discuss european option long position and option short position with trading cost ( 3. 33 )
本文在界定交易成本的基礎上，建立了離散交易時間條件下的非線性期權定價模型（見方程3 . 33 ） ，並分別討論了有交易成本的歐式期權多頭和空頭的定價方法。 -
By integrating once to chinapt. com, a supplier can offer its customers real - time pricing and availability information, as well as the ability to place and track orders. moreover, chinapt. com s unique " publish instant " supplier content model allows suppliers to publish or update their product content instantly in chinapt. com, instead of having to take time to customize that content for every buying organization and wait for endless response
沒有買賣雙方的成功，就談不上電子灣的成功。因此，網上交易的信譽極為重要， "惠特曼就此介紹說， "幾年來，我們創制了很多措施保證電子灣是一個安全的交易場所，其中最重要的是創造了一個買賣雙方互動式反饋系統。 -
A discrete time pricing model for convertible bond under stochastic interest rate
一類離散雙險種風險模型的破產概率
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