trade cost 中文意思是什麼
trade cost
解釋
貿易成本-
The balance sheet starts with the total cost of its fixed assets and any trade investments followed by a breakdown of net current assets.
資產負債表一開頭是公司的固定資產總額和公司的投資總額，接著是凈流動資產分類。 -
According to uruguay agricultural agreement and the rules of agricultural agreement between china and u. s. a, this paper based on the fact that china has just been one of the formal members of wto tries to judge the importance of china cotton production in world cotton production and trade, then tries to analyze the competitive abilities of henan cotton in producing, trade, supply and demand in china and world range by using the principle of comparable advantage. at the same time this dissertation compares the cost and revenue of cotton and other crops. on the basis of above analysis and investigation, this thesis 67 summarizes the chance and challenge after china ' s entering into wto, and put forward advice and countermeasures
本文立足於中國剛剛成為世界貿易組織正式成員的基本現實，根據烏拉圭回合《農業協議》的有關規定和《中美農業協議》的有關條款，通過對世界棉花生產、貿易和未來發展方向的分析，判斷中國棉花生產在世界棉花生產和貿易中的地位，然後利用比較優勢原理，分析河南棉花生產、貿易和供需在中國和世界范圍內的競爭力，在進一步比較了河南棉花生產在省內農產品中的成本收益情況，根據實際調查研究，總結河南棉花生產在入世后的機遇和挑戰，並且提出河南棉花生產進一步發展的思路和對策。 -
The result of this paper were : 1 ) the market mircrostructure of chinese stock is ' nt market maker, two - part stock can n ' t circulate and the scale of current stock is small, so, filling right effect make dividend event do n ' t diluate the price, the stock price could n ' t reach optimal price ; 2 ) the meanings of bid - ask speed in chinese has been changed, did n ' t reflect the real trade cost, only reflect the possible trade cost, contained desire of price popple, din n ' t belong absolute liquidity again ; 3 ) turnover rate is a liquidity ' s index, speculation ' s index too, which can explain one side of liquidity, but this index is defective in chinese stock market ; 4 ) martin index was decrescent when dividend event occurred, display the liquidity of stock was improved, so, the martin index is compatible index to measure chinese stock liquidity ; 5 ) stock dividend event affect the liquidity in the stock dividend day, stock dividend event can n ' t dividend event in the bulletin day ; 6 ) the quantity stock dividend and trend of stock market was significant factors that affect the liquidity
本研究的結論是： 1 ）中國股票市場的微觀交易結構並不是採取做市商制度，且2 3的股票不能流通，流通股規模很小，存在著股票股利事件后的快速「填權」效應，使股票價格快速回升，股票股利發放事件的稀釋價格作用無法發揮，也就無法達到「最適價格」 ； 2 ）中國股市的買賣價差的含義發生了變化，不再是實際交易成本的反映，只是可能交易成本的反映，因而很大程度上代表了股價的波動意願，並不具有完全意義上的流動性含義。 3 ）就換手率而言，它既是流動性的衡量指標，也是最常用的衡量投機性的指標。換手率指標只能說明流動性的一個側面，在中國衡量流動性是有缺陷的。 -
Foreign trade exports a company ( ( average taxpayer ) when be being exported that month, should declare in average taxpayer declare on the system export amount that month ( by exit the tax rate * that day exports frontal ), but because want to deal with exit drawback, bill of replenish onr ' s stock did not arrive, whether should have the estimate of of short duration of inventory and cost by appraisal that month
外貿出口企業（ （一般納稅人）當月出口時要在一般納稅人申報系統上申報當月出口金額（按出口當日的稅率*出口額） ，但由於要辦理出口退稅，進貨發票未到，當月是否要按估價進行庫存及成本的暫估？ -
International trade can also be limited due to the high cost of transporting bulky or perishable goods.
裝運體積龐大和易變質商品的高額費用，對國際貿易也起了一種限製作用。 -
The specific measures can be put forward as follows : firstly, with the aims of improving the level of individual specialization, more emphasis should be put on deploying and training human resources, improving labor quality and their expertise ; secondly, in order to enhancing internal labor division level in west china, it should take an active participating in the labor division both at home and abroad. west china should also make full use of its geographical advantage to develop trade in border area, take part in domestic labor division actively and hence promote the reconcilable development in west china and east china ; thirdly, to decrease transaction cost and improve transaction efficiency in west china, it is necessary to build and strengthen the market transaction system and better facilities of infrastructure
進而提出了西部地區發展對外貿易要以分工優勢理論為指導，並提出了如下措施：加大人力資源的開發與培養，提高勞動者素質和專業技能，以提升個人專業化生產水平；積極參與國際、國內分工，尤其是充分利用區位優勢，大力發展邊境貿易和積極參與國內層面的分工合作，促進東西部的協調發展，以提高西部地區的內部分工水平；建立健全市場交易體系，改善基礎設施，以降低西部地區的交易費用和提高西部地區的交易效率。 -
Cnn ) - - the european commission has launched retaliatory trade measures against the united states that will cost american companies hundreds of millions
歐盟委員會對美國實施了報復性貿易標準，這將造成美國公司數十億美元的損失。 -
The development of modem logistics is sure to expedite the capital turnover and greatly reduce the manufacture and trade cost
現代化物流產業的發展必將加快資本周轉，大大降低生產和貿易成本。 -
This empirical study is a stage achievement of an on - going project ( no. 03bzz025 ) chaired by dr. kang zhao and funded by the social science foundation of china, which aims at investigating and improving the operations of management consulting associations in china. the research starts from constructing a theoretical framework of investigation according to theories of non - profit organization, trade cost, corporatism and governance. following on, 5 consulting associations amcf, imc, mca, icmci, feaco are chosen for cases in studying
本研究系趙康教授主持的國家社會科學基金項目（ 「發展中國的管理咨詢行業/專業:一個行業/專業協會層面的理論和實證研究」 ， 03bzz025 ）子課題之一，旨在從非營利組織、新經濟制度學、公民社會、社會專業化運動等相關理論視角來建構與實證考察歐美管理咨詢業協會，透視其功能和內部的運行機制。 -
At economic aspects, the design of it is not what people claim to die property safe to maintain trade safe consideration, but to reduce the economic trade cost of the whole society, to promote the harmony of the trade, to maintain the economic order of the whole market
在經濟層面並不是人們所稱的是犧牲財產的靜態安全而維護動態安全的考慮，而是為了降低整個社會的經濟交易成本，促進交易的順利進行，維護整個市場經濟秩序的必須的法律制度的安排。 -
The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate
論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。 -
Comprehensive research of the enterprise theories based on knowledge or trade cost
知識基礎觀與交易成本觀企業理論範式整合研究 -
The first chapter discusses the position it stood and the roles it played in the social creditability. it is hold that lack of credit obstructs the sound growth of the economy. in order to maintain the fairness, justice, equality and efficiency of the market economy, notarization must be applied to reduce the trade cost, to ensure to the trade safety and to regulate the market activities
引言部分介紹了公證制度的起源和我國公證制度的歷史發展；第一章論述了公證制度在我國社會信用體系中的地位和作用，認為誠信的缺失已成為我國社會經濟發展的瓶頸，為了維護市場經濟的公平、公正、平等、效能，降低交易成本，維護交易安全，規范市場行為，運用公證手段來預防糾紛，減少訴訟，滿足市場主體對法律服務和法律保障的需求顯得十分必要和有效。 -
Additional, according to international market convention, the bank is right big trade execute privilege of certain check the number, sell the price between bade case difference through narrowing bank buying price is mixed namely, to undertake big trading client is reduced trade cost
另外，根據國際市場慣例，銀行對大額交易實行一定的點數優惠，即通過縮小銀行買入價格和賣出價格之間的價差，為進行大額交易的客戶降低交易成本。 -
Because the unreasonable system increases and consumes the huge cost in enterprise ' s economic activity, this essay applies to the theory of new system economics to analyze the evolution that the market main body takes place during the process of finding the new demand and new useful resource. around reducing trade cost it also analyses to improve private enterprise system environment and set up science rational modern enterprise system to develop the potentiality of private economy and make more contribution for the economic construction of our country
由於不合理的制度增加耗費企業經濟活動中的巨額成本，本文針對我國私營企業靈活的機制和追求利潤的市場主體特徵，運用新制度經濟學的理論，分析市場主體在發現新需求和新的有用資源的過程中所發生的演化和經濟增長過程，圍繞降低交易成本展開分析如何來實現制度創新，改善我國私營企業發展的制度環境和建立更加科學合理的現代企業制度，適應社會經濟發展的趨勢，使私營經濟的潛力得到更好的發揮，為我國的經濟建設做出更多的貢獻。 -
Analysis on effects of china - asean expo on nanning commerce trade cost
東盟博覽會對南寧商務成本的效應分析 -
China - asean expo has significant impacts on nanning commerce trade cost
摘要中國東盟博覽會對南寧商務成本有著極其重要的影響。 -
The company can get more stable and cheaper raw material with less trade cost, and farmers do not need to worry about technical and marketing issues
公司可以較少的交易成本獲得穩定、廉價的原料；農戶則無生產后顧之憂。 -
To deal with the first the problem, the scale economic statue of the chinese tea was analyzed adopting the product function model. as for the second problem, according to the product character of chinese tea, the option of suitable scale of tea garden management was discussed adopting the trade cost theory. finally, according the method of sscp, the pattern of the portrait harmony adapting the tea industry of our country was put forward
在對後者的分析過程中，我們首先利用交易費用理論並結合茶葉生產的特性與我國茶葉生產所面臨的各種具體的約束條件對我國茶園經營規浙江大學碩士學位論文我國茶業國際競爭力研究模的選擇進行了理論分析，之後，我們利用縱向協調理論的sscp範式並結合茶葉生產的特性分析了我國茶葉生產環節中各經濟主體的縱向協調制度形式的選擇。 -
The marketing channel manages the circulation theories in the economics, the merchandise circulation theories, the trade cost economics and the marketing theories for foundation and source
分銷渠道管理理論是以經濟學中流通理論、商品流通理論、交易成本經濟學和營銷理論為基礎和來源的。
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