transactions costs 中文意思是什麼
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According to the definition of commons and von misses, the transaction conduct is the intending behavior among the persons. and the transactions costs include all of the costs taken place in the no - material - producing in which minimizing the costs is the standard of behavior
根據康芒斯和米塞斯的定義，人與人之間的有意義的行動即是交易行為，交易成本則包括一切不直接發生在物質生產過程中的成本，成本最小是其行為準則。 -
According to various economists " ( marx, kess, etc. ) theories on property right, this paper give detailed analysis on the necessity of the perspicuity of financial industries " property right system, in order to improve the collocating efficiency of financial assets with the decrease of transaction costs in financial transactions
本文依據馬克思、科斯等人的產權經濟理論對金融業產權關系明晰化的必然性進行分析，認為有必要通過產權制度改革使產權關系明晰化，以降低金融交易中的交易費用，提高金融資產的配置效率。 -
According to the coase theoren, the bargaining solution will be efficient when property rights are clearly specified, when transactions costs are zero, and when there is no strategic behavior
根據科斯定理，當財產權被明確的指明，當交易費用為零，和當不存在策略行為時，交易的解決方案將會有效。 -
These include product inquiry and placement, status inquiry, payments, etc. internet banking is expected to gain popularity since it eliminates the human interface in many routine banking transactions, which thus enhance efficiency and reduce costs
一些亞洲銀行已在網上提供傳統的服務，包括產品諮詢及安排、服務查詢、付款及交收等。由於在一般銀行交易中可節省人與人面洽的時間，因而增加效率和減低成本。 -
On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the conventional theories, the transactions costs economics and penrose theory, this dissertation draws the competence theory of the firm ( cohen and levinthal, 1990, 1994 ) and the behavior theory of firm adaptation ( march, 1991 ; levinthal and march, 1993 ) into an analytical system for diversification, and constructs a learning - based research framework grounded by the exploitation and exploration of knowledge resource
本研究在分析和總結傳統多角化理論基礎? ?交易成本經濟學和penrose理論的基礎上，將企業能力理論（ cohenandlevinthal ， 1990 ， 1994 ）與企業行為適應理論（ march ， 1991 ； levinthalandmarch ， 1993 ）引入多角化分析框架，並以企業知識資源的充分利用與開發為主線建立起了一個基於學習視角的研究架構。 -
Recent years have witnessed rapid growth in the holding of foreign economic and technological exhibitions ( including international exhibitions, foreign economic and trade talks, export commodities trade fairs and foreign civilian economic and technological exhibitions in china, etc. ) within the territory of china, which has played a positive role in the realization of sharing of information resources, reduction of costs in transactions, promotion of exchanges and cooperation with foreign countries, introduction of advanced technologies and equipment and promotion of expansion of foreign trade
近年來，在我國境內舉辦的對外經濟技術展覽會（包括國際展覽會、對外經濟貿易洽談會、出口商品交易會和境外民用經濟技術來華展覽會等）迅速發展，這對實現信息資源共享，降低交易成本，加強對外交流和合作，引進先進技術和設備，促進對外貿易發展，起到了積極作用。 -
The main research area of traditional cost theory is the cost of production, known as the cost of production theories. the traditional theory consider as the system of neutral, market transactions are fully competitive market and zero transaction costs of the state means that the traditional theory only in highly abstract sense analysis of the allocation of resources, but not strictly bound to consider the institution and institution costs, which constitute a fatal mistakes on cost analysis to the traditional cost theory
但是，由於傳統新古典理論的制度中性假設，市場交易是在完全競爭市場和零交易成本狀態下進行的，使得傳統理論只能在高度抽象的意義上分析資源配置問題，而沒有嚴格地考慮制度約束和制度成本，占總成本很大比例的交易成本等制度成本往往被忽略了，這構成了傳統理論進行成本分析的一個致命缺陷。 -
If such payment or receipt of costs or fees is not made in the same way as that for business transactions among independent enterprises for the purpose of reducing its taxable income amount, the tax authority has the power to make necessary adjustment
不按照獨立企業之間的業務往來收取或者支付價款、費用，而減少其應納稅的所得額的，稅務機關有權進行合理調整。 -
By concealing the real prices and costs of transactions it may conceal and help perpetuate economic inefficiencies in the market place
由於掩蓋了交易的真正價格和成本，對銷貿易可以掩蓋並促使一國長期在市場上保持低下的效益。 -
Fund managers usually set a minimum trading size for in - kind transactions in order to minimise operating costs
基金經理通常會就實物交易設定最低成交額，以減低運作成本。 -
Case studies of chinese circumstance in the thesis explain that location choice of fdi follows a specified pattern and some agglomerations of industries are caused by fdi business chains as well as specialized structures of market, and the perspective of agglomeration of the bicycle industries kunshan and jurong counties in jiangsu evidences the capital flow model of industrial agglomeration. actually, industrial clustering as well as transactions costs and the institutional changes are all determinants of multinational enterprises " behaviors of location choices
產業的聚集很大程度上是制度方面的原因，本文對制度和制度變遷在產業聚集形成中的作用做了具體的分析和研究，得出的基本結論是：對于產業聚集的形成，制度因素比自然稟賦重要得多，而且，非正式制度也是引致產業聚集的一個重要原因。 -
Proponents of the so - called new agrarian economics - people such as pranab k. bardhan, for example - have argued persuasively that the high rural interest rates endemic in many parts of the world in times past may have been efficient rather than exploitative in light of the high information and transactions costs, risks, market failures, and moral hazards in such areas
例如，包括普拉那博巴德漢在內的所謂「新土地經濟學」支持者有力地指出：如果將世界上許多地區的高信息成本、高交易成本、高風險、高度市場失敗幾率以及高度道義危害等諸種因素進行通盤考慮，高利息借貸過去在這些地區不時地盛行可能更具有「效益性」 、而非「剝削性」 -
If an intruder modifies pricing information for certain products or deletes entire data sets, an organization would face costs associated with correcting transactions affected by the erroneous data, the costs associated with reconstructing the correct values, and possible loss of consumer confidence and revenue
如果入侵者修改了某些產品的定價信息或者刪除了全部的數據集，機構將會面臨的代價是：與改正由於受錯誤數據影響的交易相關聯的費用、與重新建立正確價值相關聯的費用以及消費者信心以及收入方面的可能的損失。 -
Whether the firm chooses to integrate depends on the comparative advantage between the benefits from the reduction of the production costs in the market purchase and the benefits from the reduction of the governance costs in the firm where transactions are organized
企業是否選擇一體化，取決于採用市場外購節約的單位生產成本所帶來的收益和採用一體化戰略節約的治理成本所產生的收益孰大。 -
Several key problems in electricity markets, such as pricing of transmission and wheeiing transactions, generation bidding and available transfer capability calculation between interconnected systems, etc., are comprehensively and thoroughly studied and analyzed in this dissertation. the main contents and contributions are as follows : ( l ) ln a spot price based marketplace, the revenues and costs of transmission service are not easily balanced due to the economies of scale of transmission networks
本文主要針對電力市場中的輸電和轉運服務定價、發電競價以及互聯區域間可用輸電能力計算等問題進行了較為全面和深入的理論研究和計算分析，主要內容及成果如下： （ 1 ）由於輸電系統的規模經濟，在基於實時電價的電力市場中，輸電系統的收入和支出難以平衡。 -
Government as an employer using electronic means in communication and transactions with its employees, namely, civil servants, will enhance internal management efficiency, reduce administrative costs, and foster an e - government culture within the civil service
政府作為僱主，以電子方式與其雇員即公務員進行溝通和處理事務，將可提高政府內部的管理效率，減低行政成本，並可在公務員體制內孕育電子政府文化。 -
All costs for banking transactions must be paid by the applicant in any conditions
任何情況下，所有銀?費用均由申請者負責。 -
The use of transaction cost theory and the theory of national industry associations of civil society and social analysis of the role of the functional analysis. first, the transaction costs of trade associations theoretical analysis, it is concluded, " the main market transactions " autonomous joint, with the aim of reducing market transaction costs and, therefore, the existence of trade associations is the primary role of its member services in its operating mechanism will have a strong main independence
一、交易成本理論對行業協會的分析，得出它是「市場交易主體」的自主聯合，目的在於減少市場主體的交易成本，因此，行業協會存在的首要作用即是為其會員服務，在其運行機制中必然有強烈的主體獨立性要求，並且，在研究的視角上，本文從構成行業協會的會員企業角度出發，認為行業協會的發展，真正的動力在於企業，最終的動力也在於企業，良性發展的關鍵仍在於企業，企業的認可度和參與性才是行業協會發展的保證。
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