transform surface 中文意思是什麼

Construction of a mass concrete is in the construction process, because of cement let out in large quantity hydration heat and surface of a mass concrete let out heat, make its temperature, humidity cause to ascend and descend, and it causable constringency transform will be unavoidable

大體積混凝土結構在施工過程中，由於混凝土中水泥熟化時放出大量的水化熱及其隨后的表面散熱，使其溫度、濕度出現升降變化，並由此而引起的收縮變形將是無法避免的。

Sequentially, the author discussed the technologies of medical image 3d visualization according to the clinical applications. with the development of computer, 3d visualization and computer graphics, the 3d visualization of medical images has progressed from fourier transform and convolve inverse projection to mpr ( multi - planar reformation, mpr ) and mtp ( maximum intensity projection, mtp ), nowadays, the real 3d reconstruction method, surface and volume rendering has risen. the image registering, image segmentation, pixel data set construction and 3d special interpolation are the key technologies in medical images 3d reconstruction

隨著計算機技術、三維可視化理論和計算機圖形學的發展，醫學圖像的三維可視化技術也從傅立葉變換、卷積反投影等基本圖像處理演算法，發展到真正的三維重建演算法：面繪制和體繪制；醫學圖像的三維可視化技術的應用也從三維醫學成像發展到虛擬內窺鏡，以及今天的虛擬可視化人體研究；而圖像的配準、圖像分割、體數據集的構建、三維空間插值則是醫學圖像三維可視化實現過程中的關鍵技術環節。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

Components, structure and surface morphology of the resulted films were identified by fourier transform infrared ( ftir ) spectroscopy, x - ray diffraction ( xrd ) and scanning electronic microscopy ( sem ). the analyses showed the content of cubic boron nitride in the resultant films on substrates was rather high and crystal particles of c - bn with uniform size, smooth crystal plane and regular shapes ( quadrangle and hexagon ) densely arrayed on the substrate

傅里葉轉換紅外吸收（ ftir ）光譜儀、 x射線衍射（ xrd ）儀和掃描電鏡（ stm ）的測量結果顯示，基底上的bn膜中立方相含量很高，且晶粒大小均勻、排列緻密，晶形呈規則的四角和六角形。

We believe the fine mechanical properties of tubular film are related to its fine chain orientation structure by using pole figure investigation and polarized fourier transform infrared ( ftir ) spectra analysis, the modes of orientation for flat and tubular films are obtained. it was found that the cellulose chains of the flat and tubular films have an uniplanar orientation mode with respect to the film surface

通過x衍射織構（極圖）分析和偏振紅外光譜分析建立了平膜和管膜的取向模型：平膜和管膜都有單平面取向；平膜中的分子鏈在膜表面內呈無規取向:管膜中的分子鏈則相對于拉伸方向有明顯擇優取向。

Surface electromyography disposal based on wavelet transform

小波變換在肌電信號預處理中的應用

Improving method for surface electromyography denoising based on wavelet transform

基於頻域網路模型的有源器件時域有限差分建模方法

In this framework, an approach is proposed to transform each of the original 3d geometrical planes of the surface into its canonical reference plane structure. this structure helps to simplify a 3d computational problem into a more manageable 2d problem

為此，本文的系統提出一種加速方法，將模型表面上各種3d幾何平面轉化到「規范化參考平面」 canonical reference plane structure ， cprs上，從而將三維計算問題轉化為易於處理的二維問題，以加快計算速度。

The interface behavior between essence and ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer pallets was studied so that necessary data were obtained to guide the preparation of fragrant masterbatch. the adsorption type and wettability between essence and the copolymer pallets were analysed by measurements of fourier transform infrared spectrum, surface tension, contact angle and specific surface area. the technical factors affecting absorptivity such as the charge ratio, temperature, pressure and stirring speed were studied by series of adsorption experiments. the results showed that the adsorption of essence on the surface of ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer pallets is physical in nature. essence couldn ' t moisten the surface of ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer pallets absolutely, but it could be soaked into the surface of the pallets partly. adsorptivity could be increased by enhancing the temperature, pressure and stirring speed, but the extension of adsorption time had little influence on adsorptivity

研究了香精與乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物粒子之間的界面行為，以便為香型母粒的制備提供必要的理論依據.利用傅立葉變換紅外光譜、表面張力、接觸角及比表面面積等測定手段，分析了香精與載體之間的吸附類型和潤濕作用.並通過一系列吸附實驗，討論了配料比、溫度、壓力、攪拌等工藝條件對吸附量的影響.結果表明，香精在乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物粒子表面的吸附為物理吸附；香精無法完全潤濕載體粒子表面，但可以對其形成部分浸潤；提高溫度、壓力、攪拌速度可以增加吸附量，而延長吸附時間對增加吸附量貢獻不大

Abstract : the interface behavior between essence and ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer pallets was studied so that necessary data were obtained to guide the preparation of fragrant masterbatch. the adsorption type and wettability between essence and the copolymer pallets were analysed by measurements of fourier transform infrared spectrum, surface tension, contact angle and specific surface area. the technical factors affecting absorptivity such as the charge ratio, temperature, pressure and stirring speed were studied by series of adsorption experiments. the results showed that the adsorption of essence on the surface of ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer pallets is physical in nature. essence couldn ' t moisten the surface of ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer pallets absolutely, but it could be soaked into the surface of the pallets partly. adsorptivity could be increased by enhancing the temperature, pressure and stirring speed, but the extension of adsorption time had little influence on adsorptivity

文摘:研究了香精與乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物粒子之間的界面行為，以便為香型母粒的制備提供必要的理論依據.利用傅立葉變換紅外光譜、表面張力、接觸角及比表面面積等測定手段，分析了香精與載體之間的吸附類型和潤濕作用.並通過一系列吸附實驗，討論了配料比、溫度、壓力、攪拌等工藝條件對吸附量的影響.結果表明，香精在乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物粒子表面的吸附為物理吸附；香精無法完全潤濕載體粒子表面，但可以對其形成部分浸潤；提高溫度、壓力、攪拌速度可以增加吸附量，而延長吸附時間對增加吸附量貢獻不大

Secondly, the grafted membranes were prepared by grafting 2 - acrylamido - 2 - methyl propane sulfonic acid ( amps ) on pretreated membranes using cetric ammonium nitrate ( can ) as an initiator in the aqueous medium. the surface compositions of the grafted membranes were determined by fourier transform adsorption spectrum ( ftir ) and x - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( xps ). and the morphology of the grafted membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) and atomic force microscopy ( afm )

然後，選用硝酸鈰銨作為引發劑， 2 -丙烯酰胺- 2 -甲基丙磺酸（ amps ）為接枝單體，在水溶液體系中進行接枝共聚反應制備pvdf ? g ? amps中空纖維膜，並利用傅立葉紅外光譜（ ftir ） 、 x光電子能譜（ xps ） 、掃描電子顯微鏡（ sem ）及原子力顯微鏡（ afm ）等檢測手段證實了接枝共聚物的存在。

A quantitative analysis on the surface of the plate composite membranes with various polymerization tune was made on the basis of the feature absorption to ir by means of attenuated total reflection - fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. the results showed that polyamide functional layer grew thick with the polymerization time going on. this indicates that the polyamide functional layer formed on the interface cannot separate the w / o phases to stop the reaction

利用衰減全反射-傅立葉變換紅外（ ftir - atr ）對不同聚合時間的平板復合膜表面進行了特徵吸收定量分析，研究發現，聚酰胺功能層隨聚合時間不斷增厚，這說明已形成的聚酰胺功能層不能屏障兩相而終止反應，相反由於哌嗪單體的分子量遠低於納濾截留分子量的范圍，很易擴散穿過功能層達到兩相界面，繼續與有機相單體酰氯反應。

The results of attenuated total reflectance - fourier transform infrared ( atr - ftir ), x - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( xps ) and contact angle measurement showed that the amphiphilic copolymer could self - segregate on the hydrophobic pdl - la surface

利用衰減全反射傅立葉轉換紅外光譜（ atr - ftir ） 、 x -射線光電子能譜（ xps ）分析以及接觸角測定對改性聚乳酸材料表面進行了表徵。

First, by using coordinate rotation, we have discussed the computer - generated hologram composed by planar object whose plane does n ' t run parallel with that of its hologram. second, through coordinate transform, the computer - generated hologram of curvy planar object has been discussed again, in which, conformal map in computer graphics has been creatively applied, and generated the computer - generated hologram of simple curvy plane ( e. g. spherical surface ) ; also, in this section, the correctness of transformation has been confirmed by numerical reconstruction

首先利用坐標旋轉討論不平行於全息面的平面所構成的物體的計算全息圖：接著採用坐標變換討論曲面物體的計算全息圖，創造性地將計算機圖形學中的共形對應原理運用到計算全息中，生成了簡單曲面（如球面）物體的計算全息圖，並用數字重現驗證了變換的正確性，為今後復雜三維物體的計算全息圖的研究奠定基礎。

The second stage is stage of the matter transfers the activated matter, that is to say, minerals build up their surface area after passing though physical weathering, maifan stone form a lot of clay mineral, oxide, oxhydroxide and collide mineral after passing though chemical weathering. it makes nutrition elements transform from crystal state to adsorption state and it expands the activation of mineral, in the latter stage, it makes maifan stone have many special physicochemical adjusting character, for example, ph and foi bi - directional absorptive and ion exchange character, so these characters expand maifan stone ' s uses

第二階段為物質轉變的活性階段，即通過物理風化增大表面積、通過化學風化形成大量粘土礦物、氧化物和氫氧化物及膠體礦物，使營養元素由結晶態轉變為吸附態，從而大大增加了其活性。在後一過程中麥飯石還形成了許多特殊的物理化學性質，如ph值和f _ （ o2 ）的雙向調節性，吸附性和離子交換性等，從而擴大了其用途。

For surgery tools models, this dissertation presents an algorithm to transform models constructed in solid modeling system to the developed virtual system in which surgery tools models can be constructed conveniently, accurately and parameterizely. the constructed models can have high level third dimension effect. for slice - imagings, this dissertation gives an algorithm for rebuilding solid model from triangulated patch surface model and the rebuilding processing function as an important function in reverse engineering has been added to 3d - modeler system, which is a feature solid modeling system developed by cad lab of dut, so the reconstruted bone model can be further processed in the cad system

研究了實體幾何模型向三維表面模型的轉化，針對手術規劃及模擬教學系統中的醫療器械模型，提出了一種利用三維實體造型系統構建實體模型，然後轉化為本文虛擬系統所支持的表面模型的方法，能夠方便、精確和參數化地建立模型；針對斷層掃描圖象，給出了基於ct圖象反求技術進行實體幾何造型的主要步驟，以使骨骼模型能夠在本研究所開發的特徵造大連理工大學博士學位論文型系統3dm 。

People mostly choose traditional fourier transform to process surface wave data anciently

在對瑞雷面波勘探資料進行處理時，以往主要採用常規的fourier變換。

The moment method is used to calculate the rcs of three - dimensional targets in this paper. these targets include conducting targets, dielectric targets and coat targets. triangular patches are used to model the surface of the target, then electric field integral equation ( efie ) and magnetic field integral equation ( mfie ) are built which satisfy the boundary conditions. the rwg vector base functions are used to denote equivalent electric current and magnetic current on the surface of the target. finally use the galerkin method ( rwg vector base functions are basis function and test function ) to transform integral equations into matrix equation. when obtain the equivalent electric current and magnetic current, we can calculate the scattering field and the rcs of the target

本文利用矩量法計算了三維導體目標、介質目標、塗層目標的雷達散射截面。首先採用三角形面元對物體表面幾何形狀進行模擬，然後建立滿足邊界條件的電場積分方程（ efie ）和磁場積分方程（ mfie ） ，將物體表面的等效電磁流用rwg矢量基函數表示，最後利用伽略金法（ rwg矢量基函數既作為基函數又作為檢驗函數）將電磁場積分方程轉化為矩陣方程求解未知電磁流系數，得到了表面的等效電磁流后，可以計算散射場和目標的雷達散射截面。

The progress of laser ultrasonics has been discussed especially for the laser - generated surface acoustic wave. the transform process of energy from light to ultrasonic has been analyzed. the generation mechanism of laser - generated surface acoustic wave has been discussed in detail excluding thermo - elastic mode and illumination mode

介紹了激光超聲領域的研究進展，分析了光致超聲過程中，能量從光能到聲能的轉換，歸納了用激光激發聲表面波的機理，討論了兩種主要的模型：熱彈模型和融蝕模型。

The sixth chapter discusses the method for space transformation, which considers the curvature of the earth surface. the author first demonstrates that it is necessary to use ellipsoidal model for the system and educes the transform formula

第六章討論了考慮到地球曲率情況下的精確空間對齊問題。這一章中首先論證了應用大地橢球模型的必要性，然後推導出橢球面上的局部坐標間的坐標轉換公式。