under a strain 中文意思是什麼
under a strain
解釋
處于緊張狀態-
Perfect pre - processing and post - processing function is one of the main factors to evaluate the vitality and market value of the finite element analysis system surveying today development of finite element analysis technology, most of which concentrate on establishing fine user interface, also has some limitation on application, and especially, the research on the visualization of arbitrary cut - plane is always in ascendants to realize the visual processing on cut - plane needs reprocessing the results of finite element analysis which have get, so the algorithm is two parts : seeking the physical value of cut - plane and drawing 2d contours, the former, based on the theory of stress on " arbitrary inclined plane " in physical mechanics, use the method of linear interpolation method to get the coordination and physical value of intersection between cut - plane and element arris ; the latter, based on the tables on elements, nodes, stress and strain, summarize a rapid algorithm of generating 2d contours based on the grid. this thesis synthesizes there two parts and get a visual processing program under fortran
縱觀有限元分析技術的發展，目前大多集中在建立良好的用戶界面上的研究仍存在許多應用上的局限性，其中對任意剖面上可視化的研究仍處于方興未艾的階段。要實現任意剖面上可視化處理，必須先將得到的有限元計算結果進行再處理，因此在演算法上分為兩部分：求任意剖面上物理量值的演算法及二維等值線演算法。前一部分以彈性力學中「任意斜截面的應力」為理論基礎，利用線性插值方法得到截面與單元棱邊的交點坐標及交點物理量值；在此基礎上；根據已得到的單元及節點序號表、應力應變物理量表，總結出一種基於有限元剖分網格的快速生成二維等值線的演算法。 -
The morn is breaking. a duodene of birdnotes chirruped bright treble answer under sensitive hands. brightly the keys, all twinkling, linked, all harpsichording, called to a voice to sing the strain of dewy morn, of youth, of love s leavetaking, life s, love s morn
所有的音鍵都明亮地閃爍著，相互連結，統統像羽管鍵琴66般轟鳴著，呼籲歌喉去唱那被露水打濕了的早晨，唱青春，唱與情人的離別，唱生命和愛的清晨。 -
With circumspection, as invariably when entering an abode his own or not his own : with solicitude, the snakespiral springs of the mattress being old, the brass quoits and pendent viper radii loose and tremulous under stress and strain : prudently, as entering a lair or ambush of lust or adder : lightly, the less to disturb : reverently, the bed of conception and of birth, of consummation of marriage and of breach of marriage, of sleep and of death
謹慎地，就像每一次進入一座房子他自己的或並非他自己的的時候那樣，小心翼翼地，因為床墊子那蛇狀螺旋彈簧已經陳舊了，黃銅環和蝰蛇狀拱形擋頭也鬆鬆垮垮的，一用力過頭就顫悠顧慮周到地，就好像進入肉慾或毒蛇的巢穴或隱身之處似的輕輕地，省得驚動她虔誠地，因為那是妊娠與分娩之床，合巹與失貞之床，睡眠與死亡之床。 -
Rafael benitez ' s men were outplayed for long periods by a fatigued chelsea side that simply refused to buckle under the strain of chasing glory on three fronts
貝尼特斯的球隊早早的在其它賽事上出局，而切爾西卻因為不願向三線奮戰的壓力低頭而人困馬乏。 -
The research consist of four parts. the first part is multiplication, purification and electron microscope examination of the avian encephalomyelitis virus. a 1 : 5 dilution of isolate - nh937 of aev and control group of pbs were inoculated to susceptible 6 - day - old chickens embryos. respectively. after incubation for 10 days, the urinay vesicle liquid was collected. making a comparison the size of the chickens embryos between the test group and the control group, the results showed that the size of the control group is bigger than that of the test group. purified virions were examined under the electron microscope, the result revealed that there are a lot of virions and the aev - nh937 was multiplicated in embryos. the second part was seguence analysis of the genome of the aev - nh937. nine pairs of primers were designed according to published calnek vaccine strain of aev
本研究共分四個部分：第一部分為aev的增殖，純化和電鏡觀察，用1 : 5倍稀釋的aev - nh937株和陰性對照pbs分別經卵黃囊接種於6dspf雞胚，繼續孵化10d后，收集尿囊液。比較接種組和健康對照組雞胚的大小，結果顯示，健康對照組雞胚明顯大於接種組。分離、提純aev ，把純化的病毒在電鏡下觀察，證明確有大量aev病毒粒子存在，說明aev在雞胚中成功擴增；第二部分是aev - nh937基因組的序列測定工作。 -
In this test, a special bolt - jack is used to exent of prestressing force to brace angles as the whole structure is under dead - load. in this state brace angles withstand partly load before twice - load and the stress and strain of concrete are decreased. in this way the aim of removal of load and strengthening can be reached
本試驗中採用專用螺栓千斤頂在恆定荷載水平下對混凝土柱角鋼撐桿施加預壓應力，使外包角鋼在二次受力前即分擔部分荷載，使混凝土應力水平和應變水平降低，達到卸載與加固同步進行的目的。 -
The main research is below : ( 1 ) the influence to intensity and rigid with corner angle ( 60, 75 and 90 degree ) of crack and the board axes ( 2 ) do a fem stress / strain and crack growth simulation analysis when the corner angle of crack and the board axes is 60 degree ( 3 ) do a intensity resume analysis for the structure which is repaired with a titanium patch in a mechanical way when the corner angle of crack and the board axes is 60 degree through simulation analysis for three failure criterion, we have : ( 1 ) in 60, damage extend quickly with damage analysis in hashin criterion ; it is slower for analysis in maximum stress or hashin - rotem criterion. ( 2 ) in special term ( physical condition incision, shape or maximum load ) the compression strength of the stiffened plate will decline 45 % ~ 50 % under compression loads
通過採用三個不同損傷判據的數值模擬模擬，得到如下結論： （ 1 ）在60時，用hashin判據進行的損傷分析，損傷擴展較快；最大應力及hashin - rotem判據進行的損傷分析，損傷擴展基本相當，且較慢； （ 2 ）在所給加筋板的物理條件、切口大小及形狀、最大載荷等一定的條件下，該加筋板在壓縮載荷作用下，其壓縮強度下降了45 50 ； （ 3 ）在本文提及到的機械連接修理方法以及載荷條件下，修理后的結構強度恢復能夠滿足戰時要求。 -
Methods : in the dopa liquid medium, c. neoformans of all serotype strains including capsule - deficient strain were incubated and the d value were monitored under various conditions with a bausch and lomb spectronic 20
方法：在含左旋多巴的液體培養液中孵育各種血清型新生隱球菌，分光光度計測定不同條件下液體的d值。 -
The dynamic data of displacement, strain and impetus force acquired from the experimental collection system are also well analyzed for measuring precision and errors. based on the underlying work and experimental features, the thesis proposes a simple, practical and well accurate impetus resultant force fitting method, weighted factor fitting method. a line - off data processing software system for bird - impact experiment, named as cadabie, is well designed under the principle of software engineering, and has been applied, with high praise, in bird - impact laboratory in the factory numbered 320 and esfahan bird - impact laboratory of iran
本文系統總結了鳥撞實驗的全部過程、主要儀器設備的工作原理與性能參數，分析了鳥撞實驗動態數據採集系統中位移、應變與撞擊壓力傳感器測量系統的測量范圍、測量精度及其工作特點，提出了一種更適合鳥撞實驗的撞擊合力計算擬合方法：加權因子法，同時應用軟體工程原理編制了「鳥撞實驗計算西北工業大學博士論文機數據分析系統」 （ caoabie ） ，目前該軟體己經在320廠鳥撞實驗室以及 -
The main purpose of this paper is to study crack growth rate of a class of nonlinear viscoelastic materials under the condition of constant load and small - strain. in this paper : the new test program is raised by referencing the existing test programs and by our trial and error ; in the new test program, facilities involved in the nonlinear viscoelastic crack tests are relatively few, the test process is relatively simple and the data obtained from the experiments are credible. on this basic, the calculation of j integral of nonlinear viscoelastic double cantilever beams specimens and the parameter of fracture work of corresponding nonlinear viscoelasticity are derived
具體成果包括： 1 、證實了雙懸臂梁試件用於非線性粘彈性裂紋擴展實驗研究的優點：雙懸臂梁試件在實驗中能觀測到的擴展過程持續時間比較長，在計算j積分時，計算方法簡單； 2 、得到了改性聚丙烯材料用於非線性粘彈性裂紋擴展實驗的兩種有效的試件構形和相應的試件尺寸；採用不斷改善夾具的方法使得加載穩定； 3 、經過連續四個多月的時間得到了一組有用的實驗數據； 4 、得到了裂紋長度與時間的關系、裂紋擴展速度與時間的關系、裂紋擴展速度與裂紋長度的關系。 -
For a while the ship kept bucking and sidling like a vicious horse, the sails filling, now on one tack, now on another, and the boom swinging to and fro till the mast groaned aloud under the strain
剎那間，大船如一匹劣馬騰空躍起。帆張滿了風，一會向這邊，一會又向那邊。帆桁來回晃蕩，直到帆墻難以承受，痛得嗷嗷叫。 -
Saturated sand are testes in the laboratory under the undrained cyclic loading condition with static - dynamic dual purpose triaxial compression test apparatus, which is designed under the cooperation of hohai university and marui co. ltd japan. the results indicate that the stress path approaches from a initial stress point to the failure lines as cyclic loading goes on, and eventually converges on a certain limiting stress path in the vicinity of the failure lines. the stress - strain curve, however, does not converge on a closed hystersis loop ; the shear strain rapidly increases in looser sand or gradually and continually increases in denser sand
利用河海大學與日本圓井株式會社共同研製的新型的多功能靜動三軸儀進行了飽和砂土循環扭剪不排水試驗，研究表明，對于松砂，剪應變幅度快速地由微小增加到百分之幾甚至百分之十幾，對于緊砂，剪應變幅度逐漸地由微小增加到百分之幾甚至百分之十幾；經試驗初步研究表明用初始有效平均正應力歸一化的有效應力路徑很好的一致性。 -
Aimed at developing a set of methods efficient in inducing the hairy roots with agrobacterium rhizogenes from trichosanthes bracteata voigt to meet needs for hairy roots for bioreactor culture research and application ; and also in order to investigate the roles of explants, agrobacterium rhizogenes, affecting factors and their magnitude and the underlying mechanism in the transformation, therefore to determine the optimum explants, pre - culture time, tested strain concentration, infection time, co - culture time, affecting factors and their effects working together and to obtain the optimum transforming condition by performing orthogonal test, this project was launched. with cotyledons and stems from trichosanthes bracteata voigt plantlets as explants, agrobacterium rhizogenes r1601 and r1000 as infection agents, transformation was performed using different methods and under various circumstances
為了建立一種有效的誘導大苞栝樓發根的方法及其發根培養體系，以適合於發根生物反應器擴大培養研究和應用基礎的需要；本研究對誘導發根的外植體在發根農桿菌和環境因子等影響作用下進行發根的誘發及其可能的機理進行探討，從而找出用於發根誘導和培養的最佳外植體、預培養時間、發根農桿菌濃度、感染時間和共培養時間、誘導條件，並通過正交試驗得出優化的誘導條件。 -
The prize was delivered to tom with as much effusion as the superintendent could pump up under the circumstances ; but it lacked somewhat of the true gush, for the poor fellow s instinct taught him that there was a mystery here that could not well bear the light, perhaps ; it was simply preposterous that this boy had warehoused two thousand sheaves of scriptural wisdom on his premises - a dozen would strain his capacity, without a doubt
可是從他話里聽出好像沒有多少是發自他內心的熱忱，因為這位可憐的人的本能告訴他，這裏面也許潛藏著某種見不得人的秘密。這孩子腦子里真的能裝下兩千段聖書里的經文，真會讓人笑掉大牙因為毫無疑問，十幾段經文就夠他受的了。 -
Both the mature genes of gloshedobin and gussurobin were cloned into the vector pet - 32a ( + ), strain bl21 ( de3 ), to study their expression in prokaryotic cell. the gene was expressed under t7 promoter with a fusion protein partner of thx. tag and a 6x his. tag at its n - terminal. having been induced by iptg for 4 hours, the recombinant enzyme was examined in the cytoplasm by sds - page analysis
將大連蛇島蝮蛇和長白山白眉蝮蛇毒類凝血酶基因分別克隆到大腸桿菌表達載體pet - 32 （ a ） +中，在t7啟動子下表達出融合蛋白，融合部分為硫氧還蛋白，位於類凝血酶基因上游，並在其n端帶6xhistag標簽以利於表達產物的分離純化，經熱激轉化至宿主菌bl21 （ de3 ）中， iptg誘導斗小時后收獲菌體。 -
In this thesis, a strain of associative nitrogen fixing bacteria with high nitrogenase activity was selected and the further studies for it were conducted, the results obtained are as follows : selection and identification of associative nitrogen fixing bacteria with high nitrogenase activity. the nitrogenase activities detected by means of the acetylene reduction method and growth rates tested by optical density of germ suspension under the x 400nm ( od4oo ) of all the strains tested except for the strain w12 reduced gradually due to frequent subculture during a year. however, the strain w12 has been showing high and stable nitrogenase activity and growth rate since it was isolated five years ago
固氮菌株的篩選與鑒定：測定從不同來源分離、收集和保藏的12個固氮菌株或分離物在不同保存時期的固氮酶活性和生長能力，發現多數菌株在初分離得到時固氮酶活性較高，但隨著轉接次數的增多卻逐漸喪失固氮酶活性，生長也隨之減弱，只有w12在五年前從埃及分離得到至今一直保持旺盛生長勢和較高的固氮酶活性， 48h內乙烯生成量可達1800nmol乙烯ml菌液以上，遠遠高於其它菌株，其生長量（ od _ （ 400 ）值）也遠遠高於其它菌株。 -
Under a strain
處于緊張狀態 -
For the cyclic deformation under a given strain at room temperature, cyclic softening is usually displayed till to failure in the lower range of strain ; however, cyclic hardening is displayed in the early stage in the higher range of strain, subsequent cyclic softening in the later stage and till to failure
對于室溫下恆應變幅的循環變形，在應變幅較低時表現為循環軟化直至疲勞破壞;在應變幅較高時，循環變形的初期為循環硬化，隨后是循環軟化直至疲勞破壞。 -
Thus, doha ' s demise would almost certainly spell a surge in wto litigation, putting the multilateral system under enormous strain
因此，多哈的失敗幾乎肯定意味著wto忪案的劇增，致使多邊體系非常緊張。 -
However, the small - size particle - reinforced composite is more prone to deformation localization than the large - particle composite under impact loading. dislocation models considering the effects of reinforcing particles are used to determine c1, c2 and c3 related to effective strain gradient in the present work. based on taylor relation and the kinetics of dislocation multiplication, glide and annihilation, a strain gradient - dependent constitutive equation of mmcp is developed
發展了具有顆粒增強金屬基復合材料材料背景的三個位錯模型，結合顆粒增強金屬基復合材料代表元模型標定了這類復合材料變形中的等效應變梯度，並用這些結果成功地表徵了這類復合材料變形強化和局部化中的增強顆粒尺寸依賴效應。
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