underlying price 中文意思是什麼

underlying price 解釋
基礎價格
  • underlying : adj. 1. 在下的，下層的。2. 基礎的。3. 隱晦的；潛在的。4. 【法律】（債券）優先的；【經濟學】第一的，（擔保、權利等）主要的。
  • price : n 普賴斯〈姓氏〉。n 1 價格，價錢；市價；代價；費用。2 報酬；懸賞；交換物；〈美俚〉錢；（為取得某...
  1. Chapter nine, ten and eleven develop the discrete methods to price exotic options, in which chapter nine prices exotic options using the shooting target gird method, chapter ten prices the options using improved shooting target gird method when the underlying asset obeys cev process, and chapter eleven prices the double lookback options using five - bifurcation tree method. in the last chapter, application of option pricing theory is studied in executive stock option plan

    第九、十、十一章研究的是用離散方法對變異期權進行定價，其中，第九章是用打靶格法對一列變異期權進行定價；第十章，用改進的打靶格法對標的資產的價格服從cev過程的變異期權進行定價；第十一章用五叉樹模型對雙回望期權進行定價。
  2. Evading risk in financial trading market cries for pricing options to a nicety. asian option, as the most flourish options in the finace market, the pricing has been focused on always. the exact pricing formula for the geometric average asian option had existed, but as to the european - style arithmetic average asian option, due to the dependence structure between the prices of the underlying asset, no analytical formula exists. on the hypothesis that the market is frictionless and without transaction costs 、 on the base of b - s ’ s and in the binomial tree model, we provide several algorithms for computing an accurate value of the european - style arithmetic average asian option. following rogers and shi and by jensen ’ s inequality, many different upper and lower bounds are provided ; meanwhile a formula have got by the comonotonicity and approximating the distribution function. all of the algorithms are easy for programming. with the development of computer, more accurater price can be computed quickly. and numerical example proved that these algorithms are very accurate

    對于幾何平均亞式期權它的定價相對簡單，已經給出了定價公式。對于算術平均亞式期權，它的未定權益具有軌道依賴特性，一直沒有得到它的定價方程的解析解形式。本文基於對市場是無摩擦且在沒有交易費用的情況下，在b - s模型下，利用二叉樹模型給出了算術平均亞式期權定價方法;並總結了利用jensen 』 s不等式給出的各種不同情況下的上下界;同時應用共單調性和近似分佈函數的方法也給出了算術平均亞式期權價格的近似公式。
  3. The slowly - developed futures markets cannot satisfy the need to transfer the increasingly price risk of the underlying agricultural commodities, above all the risk of the grain

    我國期貨市場的緩慢發展狀況，滿足不了風險日益增大的農產品現貨市場的需要，特別是滿足不了糧食流通市場化改革的需要。
  4. Since the project profits, the underlying assets, could become negative, a strategy of dividing the profits into the price and the cost is adopted to reduce the three uncertain factors to two. and then the stochastic partial differential equation is derived to satisfy the real options price that is induced by two underlying assets

    針對項目收益即標的資產不滿足恆正的問題，提出價格與成本分離的對策，把三種不確定因素簡化成兩種不確定因素，進而推導出源於兩種標的資產的實物期權價格所滿足的隨機偏微分方程。
  5. In this thesis the author has analyzed the relation between ownership structure and corporate performance and get the conclusion that it is urgent to solve the problem of the split share structure of listed companies. on the base of the comparing and analyzing of the principles and styles of consideration, the study focus on the warrant, refer to securities giving the holder a right to subscribe to a underlying securities at a given price and from a certain date

    本文通過對股票市場和上市公司股權結構論述，分析了國家股、國有法人股和流通股的構成比例對公司業績的影響，得出了國家股比例與公司業績成負相關關系，法人股比例與公司業績成正相關關系以及股權集中度較高，公司業績較好，第一大股東的持股比例在一定范圍內公司業績最佳的結論。
  6. A put option is the right to sell, or " put to " the writer, a given amount of the underlying security at a given price on or before a specified date

    賣出期權就是一種在未來某一確定的日期之前或者當天，按照一個確定的價格售出，或者「推給」期權賣方一定數量的標的證券的權利。
  7. An option contract that gives its holder the right ( but not the obligation ) to purchase a specified number of shares of the underlying stock at the given strike price, on or before the expiration date of the contract

    是指允許投資人按約定價格在合約到期日前或到期日，買入某特定資產的權力，也稱之為買入期權。
  8. The price at which the taker of an option may buy / sell the underlying securities. also known as the strike price

    期權合約的獲得者買/賣合約規定的基礎證券之權利的價格，也稱為結算價格。
  9. Generally, the holders of the convertible bonds have two major rights : 1, they can receive a fixed cash flow during the term of conversion because the convertible bonds belong to the fixed income bonds ; 2, they can stop the fixed cash flow during the term of conversion and convert the bonds to underlying stock asset according to the formerly stipulated items and price, for the convertible bonds also belong to the affiliations of the securities

    一般的，可轉換債券持有人具有兩項主要的權利：一是作為固定收益證券，在轉債存續期內收到固定的現金流收入；二是作為股票衍生產品，在轉換期內終止固定的現金流收入，按照預先規定的品種和價格將債券轉為標的股票資產。
  10. A condition in which the strike price of an option is equal to ( or nearly equal to ) the market price of the underlying security

    一項期權到價指該期權的行使價格相等於相關證券的市場價值，是指看漲期權或看跌期權的履約價格等於標的股票的現價。
  11. Measure of the amount of fluctuation in price of the underlying security calculated using the standard deviation of average daily price change

    對基礎證券價格波動程度的測量，利用每日價格變化的標準偏差來計算。
  12. It also studies the problem of real option pricing when the underlying assets follow the pure jump poisson, mixed jump - diffusion merton and mean - reversion model, and obtains the price formula or partial differential equation to price and hedge the real option. when the value of real option can not separate from the value of project, or the uncertainties are endogenous to real option holder, it is difficult to pricing the real option by the ways of no - arbitrage. in this paper we present a approach named valuation with comparison, its basic point is to value the project or program with flexibility by means of decision tree analysis ( dta ) and stochastic dynamic programming ( sdp ), and the results are compared with that of non - flexibility, finally,

    當實物期權的價值不能從項目價值中分離出來，或者影響基本資產價格的不確定性內生於期權的持有者時，此時實物期權的價值一般難以直接利用無套利方法得到，本文通過對現有文獻進行歸納，提出一種比較定價法，其基本要點是利用決策樹、動態規劃法或二叉樹模型等技術來確定嵌有柔性的項目或方案的價值，然後將其與沒有柔性的項目或方案進行比較，從而獲得各種柔性的價值，作為這種方法的一個應用，本文研究了柔性勞動合約的設計與定價問題，研究表明，對企業重要員工採用長期勞動合約，而對一般員工採用短期合約可以節約勞動力使用成本。
  13. If one wished to go " long " in a market, one should first have a good appreciation of the volatility of the market, in terms of both the underlying price and the yield, learning from history, and one s financial staying power

    但若要在有關市場上持有長倉，便先要透過市場的長遠表現，充分了解這個市場的基本價格與收益的波幅，並要衡量一下以本身的財力能否應付得來。
  14. In the first chapter, we narrate the characteristic of convertible bond, give some clues about development and actuality of the market and its pricing theory ; in the second chapter, we introduce modeling idea and some material problems in the model in detail, draw the yield curve which is very important to the model by spline method ; in the third chapter, we first explain the basic idea and convergent speed of monte carlo method, then, give the mathematical description for financial market, prove equivalence of non - arbitrage market, existence of risk neutral probability measure in the market and the price process of underlying asset is a martingale ; in the forth section, we introduce how to simulate stock price path by monte carlo method in detail, based on foregoing result, we prove the path is a martingale, thereby, the model is logical

    本文第一章先對可轉債的特點、市場發展和現狀及其定價理論的發展和現狀作一概述;第二章詳細介紹了建模思想和模型中的一些具體問題，利用spline方法繪出了在模型中具有重要作用的收益曲線;第三章首先敘述了montecarlo方法的基本思想和有關其收斂速度的一些性質，然後從數學的角度給出了對金融市場的描述，證明了市場無套利、市場存在風險中性概率測度及標的資產價格過程為鞅的等價性;在第四節中，對用montecarlo方法模擬的帶跳股價路徑作了詳細介紹，並利用前兩節的結論證明了模擬的帶跳股價路徑為一個鞅過程，從而保證了模型在理論上的合理性。
  15. And it allows for realistic shifts in relative prices between different products to be achieved without actual price cuts which are seen as difficult to effect in some economies - though evidently not in hong kong. for hong kong, with the exchange rate fixed through the currency board system, it is not possible to steer the underlying rate of inflation

    此外， 2 %的通脹率亦可讓不同產品的相對價格出現實際變動而無需真正調低價格對部分經濟體系來說，真正調低價格相當困難，但對香港來說當然不是這樣。
  16. Underlying the assumption that the stock price accords with the model of the stock price fluctuating sources, by comprehensivily applying the stochasitic differential theory and no - arbitriagc thcory, this paper, under the conditions that the risk - free rate r is constant or ito stochasitic process, successively works out the option pricing about the stock price model with that the short - term profit function is piecewise lecture function arid that one with that the short - term profit function is possion jump process, derivats counterpart partial differential equation of option pricing. the outcome states : 1. when the short - term profit function is unusual flunctuating sources bring out a piecewise lecture function, this amendment on the lognormal distribution model does not improve the option price, because this partial differential equation of option pricing is the same one underlying the lognormal distribution model ( see equation 2. 14 )

    本文基於股價符合波動源模型的假設，綜合運用隨機微分理論等數學原理和無套利理論等金融理論，依此對短期收益率函數為分段階梯函數和possion跳躍過程的股價波動源模型分別在無風險利率是常數和隨機過程的條件下作了期權定價，推導出了相應的期權定價偏微分方程，結果表明： 1 、由異常波動源帶來的短期收益率函數是分段階梯函數時，這種對股價對數正態分佈模型的修正不能改善期權價格，因為基於這種模型的期權定價偏微分方程與基於股價對數正態分佈模型的期權定價偏微分方程完全相同（見方程2 . 14 ） 。
  17. The statistical evidence suggests that, thanks to the central bankers ' credibility as inflation fighters, america ' s underlying rate of price increases has become less vulnerable to transitory pressures, such as rising energy or food prices

    統計證據表明，由於央行作為通脹戰士的可信度，美國潛在物價的增加對于能源或者食品價格上升這類轉型壓力已變得更有抵抗力。
  18. Second, economic weakness does not immediately suppress underlying price pressure

    其次，經濟疲軟不會馬上就對實際價格上漲產生抑制。
  19. The main issue for many companies is whether they changed the date of stock options grants to take advantage of a temporary decline in the underlying share price

    對他們而言，關鍵性的問題就是其是否對股票期權授權日期進行了更改，從中獲取短期潛在股票差價。
  20. Trading equities in emerging markets involve additional risk and costs other than the underlying price movements and commissions. in deciding whether or not you will become involved in that kind of trading you should be aware of the currency risk and the foreign exchange cost associated

    在決定是否參與買賣新興市場的股票時，除要注意股票價格上落和傭金成本的風險外，貨幣兌換及外匯風險亦應是其考慮之因素。
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