utilization of heat 中文意思是什麼

Utilization is of importance for hydraulic concrete. utilization of the industrial scrap such as fly ash for concrete not only saves cement and invest, but also produces and improvement of concrete performance, including the cracking of mass concrete due to hydration heat

利用粉煤灰等工業廢料生產混凝土不僅可節約大量水泥，減少投資，而且可以改善混凝土的某些性能，包括在大體積混凝土中防止水化熱引起的結構開裂。

The swertia belongs in gentianaceae. lt has about 154 species in the world, 79 species in china, about 35 species to be used for medicine, 20 species of medicinal plants can be found in sichuan and hubei provinces., which are used for medicine in dried herbs. their main functions are to clear heat, detoxify toxin, clear liver, eliminate dampness and normalize the gallbladder, for the treatment of jaundice, blood urination, hot and painful strangury etc. in the traditional medicine of india and japan, it is used as drugs bitter in taste to strengthen the stomach. the modern pharmacological studies show they have many biological activities. some drugs have been registered in the drug standards of the nation and the local government. the medicinal resources produced in sichuan and hubei provinces are abundant, which account for over half of the whole country. therefore, it is necessary to investigate the botanic origin and research the macroscopic, microscopic and chemical characteristics of them. its objective is to establish and improve the quality evaluation system in order to guide the exploitation and utilization for swertia medicinal plants

獐牙菜屬（ swertia ）是龍膽科中的一個大屬，全世界約有154種，中國分佈的有79種，有藥用記載的約35種，其中川鄂產藥用種類約20種，均以全草入藥，常具有清熱解毒，清肝除濕利膽之功效，主要用於黃疸尿赤、熱淋澀痛等癥；在印度和日本傳統醫學作為苦味健胃藥使用。現代藥理學研究表明具有多種藥理作用。有的品種在國家和地方藥物標準中已有收載。

An integrated process of wastewater treatment and utilization is presented. the process is made up of heating the soft water of room temperature by high temperature printing and dyeing wastewater via heat exchangers, reusing the low level base decrement wastewater of water washing for dust control and desulphurizing of stack gas and anaeration - aeration biological treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater. this process has fair economical benefit on the principle of so called waste control by waste itself. this might be an ideal process for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment and disposal, the effluent of this process is quite enough to meet the requirement of urban sewer collector. additionally also many advantages are attractive such as the complete return of biological sludge to digestion, no chemicals dosage and free of secondary pollution

介紹了高溫印染廢水通過熱交換加熱常溫軟水、低濃度堿減量水洗廢水用於煙道氣除塵脫硫、厭氧-好氧處理一般印染廢水等印染廢水綜合處理技術，該技術具有較好的經濟效益，達到了以廢治廢的目的，生物污泥全部迴流硝化，不加任何藥劑，無二次污染，處理后水質達到城市截污管網標準要求，是一種較為理想的印染廢水處理工藝。

Waste heat utilization of kiln

窯爐的余熱利用

It firstly introduces time principle of dy refrigeration system from two aspects of surplus heat utilization of internal combustion engine and heat energy refrigeration

首先從內燃機余熱利用及熱能製冷方面比較分析，系統地介紹了dy製冷系統工作原理。

The improved system was simulated by the computer program, and the simulation results show that the system performance would be improved greatly. a closed air cycle type seawater desalination system was developed. this process use circulated air to enhance evaporate of water, with proper utilization of the latent heat of condensation of water vapor, the process efficiency could be made high

其次，本文就原有空調、除濕、海水淡化?體機進行了實驗和更加詳細的計算機模擬，並根據分析結果提出了一系列的改進建議，同時對改進系統的性能進行了計算機模擬，分析表明，改進后的系統淡水產量將有較大的增加，運行能耗也將降低，使系統的整體性能大幅度提高。

The disadvantage is that the coefficient of heat transfer is iow and the utilization factor is poor and the drying time so long. moreover because of the defect of structure, it can not be in conformity with the requirements of " gmp ". in order to overcome the shortcoming, we edsigned and developed the penetrating air stream box type drier on the basis of absorbing abroad advanced technology

在傳統的水平流廂式乾燥器中，氣流只在物料表面流過，其缺點是傳熱系數低、熱利用率差、物料乾燥時間長且由於結構的缺陷，無法完全符合「 gmp 」藥品生產規范。為了克服以上缺點。

Development of large coal mines, high - efficiency production technical equipment of coal, development and utilization of coal gas resources, high - efficiency and low - pollution large coa1 generating system, power plant of urban heat and power combined production, fine processing of coal, development of renewable energy resources

大型煤田開發，煤炭高效生產技術裝備，煤氣資源開發利用，高效低污染大型燃煤發電系統，城市熱電聯產電廠，煤炭精深加工，可再生能源開發等。

Which are higher than electric driven heat pump, gas boiler, coal boiler and electric boiler. the energy grade theory analysis results also show that the energy utilization of gehp is comparatively reasonable. exergy cost of gehp is 11. 2 yuan / gj by thermoeconomic method, which is much lower than the heating price nowadays

對比發現，燃氣機熱泵的一次能源利用率和（火用）效率均高於電動熱泵、燃氣鍋爐、燃煤鍋爐和電鍋爐；對燃氣機熱泵系統的能級分析也表示系統的能量利用過程比較合理；通過熱經濟學的分析，得出燃氣機熱泵的供熱（火用）成本為11 . 2元gj ，這個價格與現行集中供熱的價格相比還是很有優勢的。

This paper analyses current situation of chp and situation of development, use evaluating energy utilization - - based on electricity comparing with state calculated method - - based on heat, calculates the operating data of baotou second thermal power plant heat supply system ， extends the study of heat supply performance to heat net and heat consumer, synthetically analyses heat load characteristic 、 pipe net property and heat supply distance witch effect heat supply cost. the paper studies the thermal power performance of thermal power plant total energy system, discuss heat supply cost which effect the development of chp

本文對熱電聯產的現狀及發展情況進行分析，採用能源利用系統性能評價指標體系及其評價指標? ?電量法與國家目前採用的法定計量方法? ?熱量法進行比較，通過對內蒙古包頭第二熱電廠供熱熱源系統及供熱熱網系統的熱電聯產運行數據進行分析計算，將供熱過程的熱力性能研究延伸至熱網和熱用戶，分析用戶終端的能源利用情況，針對內蒙古地區主力機組和地區條件，綜合分析了熱負荷特性、管網性能及供熱距離對供熱成本的影響，研究了熱電廠總能系統的熱力性能，對困擾熱電聯產的供熱成本進行了探討。

Therefore, the more reasonable cascade utilization of energy with different energy level is achieved. the novel efhat system integrated with low temperature heat utilization will be a new promising direction not only for the clean coal power generation system, but also for low - temperature heat utilization

所構思的新系統，既可進一步彌補efhat低溫熱源不足的缺陷，又能通過新穎efhat系統提高低溫熱利用效率，從而實現能的不同品位更為合理的綜合梯級利用，為中低溫熱利用開拓新方向。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

Introducing the thermal performance calculation method called efficient factor method with the medium of the exchange coefficient on the base of the key factors which influencing the heat and humidity ' s exchange, the characters ordinary mathematics equations stem from the analysis the double spray chamber ' s thermal performance calculation identically utilizing efficient factor method, further the equations working as the core of the theory calculation and the utilization of the spray chamber ' s structure and the definition of the experimental equations, further introducing the double spray chamber ' s thermal performance calculation equations

雙噴系統熱工計算同樣採用效率系數法，進而在理論部分引出雙噴系統熱工計算方程式，這實質上就得到了本課題的核心部分? ?組合方程組，無論是理論計算還是噴水室結構類型的採用以及試驗公式的確定均以此為核心，從而最終從理論計算、試驗測定及節能性三方面論證了雙噴水室熱回收方案的可行性。

Research for comprehensive utilization of heat - energy in gas - produce process in nitrogenous plant

氮肥廠造氣工段熱能綜合利用的研究

There will be a great future if we integrate solar energy utilization techniques into heat pump techniques. on the base of integrating the two techniques, the paper analyzed the art trait of heat pump water heater, the manner of integration, the essential theory ; and developed a small capacity direct expansion solar - assisted heat pump water heater, and tested its thermal performance on the condition of different weather such as sunshine, overcast sky & night. the results make clear a small capacity direct expansion solar - assisted heat pump water heater can absorb not only solar energy but heat energy in air ; it takes on favorable thermal performance, on the condition of different weather such as sunshine, overcast sky & night, coph is about between 3. 5 ~ 5. 0, eer is about between 2. 5 ~ 4. 5, these are better than traditional air source heat pump water heater and non - direct expansion solar - assisted heat pump water heater, and it takes between 2 and 3 kwh to heat 270 kg water from 20 c to 50 c, it is very great in terms of saving energy and protecting environment,

本文在結合太陽能利用與熱泵技術的基礎上，分析研究了太陽能熱泵熱水系統的技術特點；太陽能集熱系統與熱泵系統的結合方式；直接蒸發式太陽能熱泵熱水系統的基本理論；研製出小功率直接蒸發式太陽能熱泵熱水系統樣機，並在晴天、陰天、夜晚等不同的天氣情況下對其進行了試驗，實驗結果表明：本小功率直接蒸發式太陽能熱泵熱水系統不但可以有效地吸收太陽能，還能有效地吸收空氣中的能量，具有良好的熱性能，在不同的天氣情況下，其制熱系數cop _ h大約在3 . 5 5 . 0之間，優于傳統的空氣熱泵和非直接蒸發式太陽能熱泵熱水系統：其效能比eer大約在2 . 5 4 . 5之間，將270kg水從20加熱到50隻需用電2 3度，節能及環保效果明顯。

Characteristics of flow - field, total pressure loss / reduction, species distribution ; parameters of reactive domain and mixing mechanism of reactant streams have been investigated. ssg ( small signal gain ) coefficient, utilization of f atom and heat release in reaction have been computed

討論了該類噴管的流場特徵、組分分佈特點、總壓損失特徵、反應區流場參數和反應流混合機理，並對小信號增益系數、 f原子利用效率和反應放熱進行了計算。

Cool ( heat ) storage is used extensively, not only can adjust supply and need of energy, shift electric loads from on - peak to off - peak, balance energy system, but also can reduce energy consumption, realize high - efficient and logical utilization of energy

蓄冷（熱）應用非常廣泛，不僅可以調節能量供需，移峰填谷，平衡能量系統，而且可以降低能耗，實現能量的高效合理利用。

Since energy crisis occurred in 1970 ' s, latent heat thermal energy storage ( lhtes ) has gained more attention than before due to its being the key element to accomplish energy recovery and utilization of solar energy, industrial waste heat and off peak electricity. compared with developed countries, in this area, china still has a long way to go

自上個世紀70年代能源危機以來，相變貯能的理論與應用研究在世界發達國家迅速崛起並得到不斷發展，其研究和應用涉及材料科學、太陽能、工程熱物理、空調和採暖及工業廢熱利用等領域。

Effective utilization of surplus heat in circulating water

循環回水余熱的有效利用

To obtain large bulk material with ultra - fine grain for the requirements of property measurement and engineering utilization, the transformation of friction press - torsion deformation zone was introduced in this paper. both the transmit of heat theory and the plastic mechanical theory were practiced to analyse the mechanical and deformation qualification

為了得到大塊的超細晶結構材料，滿足超細晶材料性能研究和工程應用的需要，本文提出了一種在大塊結構材料內部得到超細晶的新方法? ?摩擦壓扭強變形區轉移法。