valuation of material 中文意思是什麼
valuation of material
解釋
材料估價-
The advantages of boq valuation include : saving enormous labor force, material and time, meeting the requirements of market competition, promoting joint bearing risks by both parties of contract, controlling effectively the investment of construction projects, and avoiding some bad behaviors of present construction market
工程量清單計價的優點包括：節約大量的人力、物力、時間，滿足市場競爭的需要，有利於承發包雙方的風險共擔，有效控制建設項目投資，避免當前建築市場的一些不良行為。 -
Findings are : ( 1 ) written word, chirography ' s development process : ja - gu - wen ( inscriptions on bone or tortoise shells ) jin - wen ( bronze inscription ) zhuan shu li shu ( an ancient style of calligraphy ), ( 2 ) material flux ' s affection process : bone bronze jian du ( wood, bamboo ), silk book ( silk ), stele carving ( stone ) paper, ( 3 ) technology flux ' s affection process : carve model cast write, ( 4 ) written - word use for common people, ( 5 ) chirography ' s artistic change ( change to calligraphy ), ( 6 ) difference and valuation of occupation or interest ( writing craftspeople and calligrapher )
研究結果如後述： （ l ）文字、書體的演變過程：甲骨文金文篆書隸書， （ 2 ）材料變遷的影響過程：甲骨青銅簡牘（木、竹） 、帛書（絲） 、碑刻（石）紙， （ 3 ）技術變遷的影響過程：契刻范鑄書寫， （ 4 ）文字使用的平民化， （ 5 ）書體的藝術化（書法化） ， （ 6 ）職業或興趣所形成的差異與評價（書匠與書法家） 。 -
The indeterminacy of legal concept comes from the self - restriction, vagueness, valuation and mobility of meanings in semantics, comes form the distance of concept and material in epistemology
摘要法律概念不確定性在語意學上來源於語意的自我規定性、模糊性、評價性、流變性；在認識論上來源於概念與社會生活的不完全契合。 -
To guard against the dilapidation risk of the older properties, the approved sellers will be required to provide a satisfactory valuation report by a qualified valuer confirming that the underlying property is free of any material negative findings or unauthorized structural modifications
為了防止樓較高物業出現樓宇質素嚴重轉壞的風險，核準賣方將須由合資格估值師滿意的估值報告，確認相關物業並無重大損壞情況或未經許可的結構修改。 -
On the basis of relevant material in legislation, practice, theory on the intellectual property, through observation and study by comparision, valuation and jurisprudence, logic analysis, the thesis tries to clarify the status of intellectual property in chinese civil code, and to further the legislation on intellectual property in china
懷揣淺陋，在收集國內外相關資料，考察國內外先進立法、經驗實踐，以及法學基礎理論的基礎上，經過大量比較，實證研究，用法理、邏輯和價值的分析方法，希望廓清知識產權在民法典中的地位的思考，籍此促進對知識產權相關立法的重視和相關立法的完善。 -
Part two : organizing strategy of cooperative learning in implementation of new mathematical curriculum this part analyzes the problem in the process of implementing of cooperative learning in new mathematical curriculum by observing in classroom and studying case. six problems is : ( 1 ) the group activity stay on the formal, and lack the material cooperation ( 2 ) individual duty diffuse, " take a ride " phenomenon have the occurrence ; ( 3 ) student social intercourse technical lack. ( 4 ) no change in teacher ' s role, lacking guidance to student ; ? ividing group difficultly for big class formation, fulling of too much noisy in classroom ; ? valuation system is not well, group cooperation exist in name only, provides six suggestions for these problems : ( 1 ) dividing group scientificly and vividly ; ( 2 ) leading student active cooperative learning ; ( 3 ) increasing the individual duty ; ( 4 ) cultivating students " cooperative method and social intercours technical ; ( 5 ) enhancing management in classroom ; ( 6 ) handling a few relations rightly ; finally, puts forward the principle and program of orgnizing cooperative learning in new mathematical curriculum
二、新數學課程實施中合作學習的組織策略本部分在對實驗區數學課堂觀察和個案研究的基礎上，分析得出了新數學課程實施中合作學習存在的6個問題：小組活動留于形式，缺乏實質性合作；個體責任擴散， 「搭車」現象時有發生；學生社交技能欠缺，合作效率低下；教師對自己角色轉變認識不清，指導作用沒有跟上；大班額分組困難，課堂過于喧嘩混亂；評價體系沒有跟上，小組合作名存實亡。針對這些問題，對新數學課程實施中開展合作學習提出了6方面建議：科學靈活地分組；引導學生主動合作學習；提高個體責任：重視對學生合作方法、社交技能的培養；加強合作學習中課堂管理；正確處理幾對關系。最後提出了新數學課程實施中合作學習的組織的原則和組織序列。 -
This artcle is in the curriculum change of visin on studying the problem about the curriculum design of the univercity studsents culture competence education. in the general, adopting the systematic analysis as the main line, this article makes the inquiry into the basic problems of the curriculum design and on the idea, the methodology, the key element of the univercity students culture competence education, and on the basic, puting forward the idea of the " realm synthesis " curriculum design and the model, compling with the principle : combining the theoris with the practice, uniting the fact and the valuation, integrating the histroy and the logic, and using the way of the material demonstration, comparision, document analysis, histroy study, positivist
本文是在高等學校課程體系改革的實踐視野里來研究大學生文化素質教育的課程設計問題。總體上，本文以理論與實踐的結合、事實與價值的統一、歷史與邏輯的統一為研究的基本原則，以系統的分析方法為主線，採用實證、比較、文獻分析、歷史研究、理論論證等手段，主要探討課程設計的基本問題及大學生文化素質教育課程設計的理念、方法論及基本要素，並在其基礎上提出「領域綜合」的課程設計理念及設計模式。
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