variation problem 中文意思是什麼

And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed

研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

The whole problem related to the time - variation of the load is completely solved by the proposed method, the core of which lies in the tva model structure

整個過程中，模型結構的改進是其中的關鍵。大區電網負荷建模研究是從模型應用角度研究對不同物理地點的負荷進行建模的問題。

Then, time - variant load characteristic is decomposed and the tva load model structure is proposed to reduce the effects on the time - variation of the amplitudes of the load. finally, the group algorithm and hypothesis testing strategies are applied to solve the problem of the time - variation of the load components

進一步對負荷特性的時變性進行分解，提出了tva負荷模型結構以消除負荷幅值大小時變性的影響，最後，採用分組演算法和假設檢驗的工程應用策略，解決了負荷組成成分的時變性問題，從而最終從一定程度上解決了負荷的時變性問題。

The dissertation proposes originally the idea of decomposing the time - variant load to solve this problem. first, the time - variant load is decomposed into the time - variant load characteristic and the time - variant load model due to the modeling method. second, the multi - curve approximation method is proposed to identify the load parameters, which to a great extent, reduces the effects on the time - variation of the load model from modeling method

針對負荷的時變性，論文首次提出了將負荷時變性分解的思想，首先將負荷的時變性分解為負荷特性的時變性和由建模方法引起的負荷模型的時變性，然後提出了多曲線擬合參數辨識方法，很大程度上消除了建模方法引起的負荷模型的時變性。

A technique of 3 - point positioning of welding seams with structure - light visual sensor is presented. with this technique, arc - welding robots can cope with the location variation of weld seams each time in batched manufacturing. on the base of suitable mathematical description, the localization problem is transformed into determining a displacement transformation matrix

在此系統中利用機器人結構光視覺三點焊縫定位技術，使弧焊機器人可以適應批量生產中每次焊縫位置的變化，通過適當的數學描述，將焊縫定位問題轉化為確定位姿變換矩陣。

Another constrained problem is delay and delay variation constrained multicast routing problem. sp - dvma ( shortest path delay variation multicast algorithm ) algorithm based on minimum delay path is presented

第二類是時延和時延差約束的多播路由問題，提出了以最短時延路徑為基礎的一種演算法? ? sp - dvma演算法。

The delay and delay variation constrained minimum steiner tree problem is also researched. lcdvma ( low - cost delay variation - constrained multicast algorithm ) is proposed for this problem. low time complexity, low cost and constrained delay and low delay variation are achieved by only comparing minimum delay paths and minimum cost paths

對于時延和時延差約束的最小steiner樹問題，提出了一種基於最小時延路徑和最小費用路徑的演算法?一lcdvma演算法，由於該演算法比較了通過中轉節點后的最低費用路徑和最短時延路徑，降低了運算復雜度，通過模擬得到了較小的網路費用和時延差，因此lcdvma演算法是一種具有低復雜度的時延和時延差約束的最小steiner樹的啟發式演算法。

By comparing the biological characteristics of original normal filament, linear filament and the curved filament retransited from linear filament, certain evidence of the morphologic variation regulated by a special transposon are detected on the level of protein and dna, which will help us to discover the mechanisms of this morphologic variation on molecular genetics level and solve the problem in production of spirulina in large scale

在比較了正常藻絲體、變直藻絲體及回復正常螺旋形態的藻絲體一組材料生物學特性的基礎上，進一步在蛋白質及dna水平上找到了轉座子調控此形態變異的某些證據，為闡明螺旋藻形態變異與重建的分子遺傳學機制以及解決螺旋藻大規模生產的實際問題提供理論依據。

The wafer probing scheduling problem ( wpsp ) is a variation of the parallel - machine problem, which carries with the objective to minimize the total workload to enhance the utilization rate of machine capacity

摘要晶圓針測排程問題為平行機臺排程問題的一種，且排程的目標在最小化所有機臺的工作負荷以提高機臺利用率。

The results of theoretical analyzing and practical running proved that the contamination on - line detecting system for substation developed in this paper can be applied to the large - scale variation of leakage current, the fuzzy reasoning alarming method can predict the pollution level of insulator more accurately. a new method is given to solve the problem of alarming reliability of contamination on - line detecting system

理論分析和實際運行的結果表明本文的變電污穢在線監測系統能夠適應泄西安理工大學工程碩士專業學位論文露屯流人范圍的變化，及時並準確地預報絕緣于污穢程度，為解汰了變屯污穢分線監測系統的可靠報警問題提供了新途徑。

A variation equation problem on singular stochastic control

奇異型隨機控制中的一個變分方程問題

In the 3rd section we introduce how to use mathematical model to study financial problems, whose assets running on mixed jump - diffusion process, first we get the famous non - linear feynman - kac formula by fbsde, then let the solution of the bsde be a investor ' s utility function, and it ' s the so - called recurse utility function. second, we can prove that this utility function is a continue viscosity solution of the variation inequality which we get above, and we get the comparison theory. third we can use the result to financial market to study the optimal consumption and portfolio problem or evaluate the american option

第三章介紹了利用金融資產價格運行基於復合跳躍? ?擴散過程的數理模型來研究金融經濟問題，通過結合運用正倒向隨機微分方程，推導得到著名的非線性feynman - - kac公式，並且將相應的倒向隨機微分方程的解記為投資者的值函數，這也就是通常所說的效用值函數；接著我們可以證明此效用值函數為某一偏微積分變差不等式的連續粘性解，並且得到了比較原則；這些結果可以應用到金融領域用於消費投資組合的選擇或是美式期權的估值。

Considering the fuzziness of some boundary conditions enviroment media, and especially some loads in the engineering structure analysis, we go further into the computation based on the dynamic problem of fuzzy finite element ( ffe ), study further and systematically the analysis and solution. the principle of fuzzy minimum potential energy is established, and the balance equation of fuzzy finite element is reasoned by making fuzzy variation. at the same time, the dynamic balance equation of stochastic by making stochastic variation ， also the fuzzy stochastic dynamic balance equation is deduced. based the theory that the degree of the fuzziness and probability can be measured, in the other word, by using the concept of fuzzy entropy and entropy, pure fuzzy dynamic structure is given through transforming the probability to fuzziness. for the fuzzy parameter can be regarded as a fuzzy vector with dimensions, the structure ' s eigenvalue, by the theory of small parameter

建立了模糊瞬時最小勢能原理，運用模糊變分原理導出了模糊有限元動力平衡方程；同時，利用隨機變分原理導出了動力問題的隨機有限元方程，同時得到了模糊隨機動力問題的有限元平衡方程。根據模糊度和概率度可以度量的原理，即利用模糊熵和概率熵的概念，把結構的隨機性等效地轉化為結構的模糊性，得到純粹模糊性的動力結構。把結構所具有的模糊參數看作一個維的模糊向量，利用小參數攝動原理，把結構的特徵值，特徵向量和位移都在模糊向量的均值處進行泰勒展開，得到一組遞歸方程，即可以求得結構的模糊特徵值，特徵向量和模糊位移。

This article belongs to demonstration study, base on inspecting environment to typical area and analyzing a mass of data, the author detailed analyzed mutually affected way of northwest area population distribution and the environmental variation, opened out the problem between northwest area population distribution and the environmental variation, and then discussed how these problem effect building a well - off society in an all - round way, last under the promise goal of building a well - off society in an all - round way, put forward countermeasure and suggestion of the population distribution and the resources environment harmony development which have northwest local characteristic. the becoming references for the policy - decision are both the main subjects and the aims. this article can be divided into four parts according to the research content : the first part : elaborated the importance of ecological environment construction in building a well - off society in an all - round way

本文屬于實證研究，作者在對典型地區採取社會學調查和環境考察，並充分利用統計數據和文獻資料的基礎上，詳細的分析了西北地區人口分布與資源環境變化之間相互作用的方式，揭示出西北地區人口分布與資源環境關系中的問題，並分析這些問題在全面建設小康社會進程中的影響，最後，在全面建設小康社會的目標約束前提下，提出了具有西北地區特色的人口分布與資源環境相協調的對策與建議，希望能為有關部門在全面建設小康社會的大背景下制定方針政策，提供一些意見和建議，同時為有志於研究西北地區人口與資源環境關系的學者提供一些參考資料。

As the traditional navigation system ca n ' t satisfy the requirements of the autonomous underwater vehicles ( auv ) navigation and position. we study a depthometer - doppler - aided strapdown inertial navigation system ( ddsins ) in combination of the developments of periodic navigation technique and some practical problem posed by the mathematical and variation of output data of doppler, furthermore, the digital simulation and semiphysica test are made to verify the validity of the algorithm, the main research work are as follows : design of the strapdown inertial navigation system of auv

由於傳統的導航系統很難滿足遠程水下航行器精確導航、定位的要求，本文在充分考慮使用特殊性的情況下，結合國內、外導航技術發展的實際狀況和發展方向，研究了水下航行器組合導航系統的誤差，重點解決了因多普勒輸出數據周期長和周期時變而給導航計算和濾波器設計帶來的問題，並進行了模擬和實物測試，模擬和實物測試結果表明本文所研究的設計方案合理，可以達到某型水下航行器導航、定位需要的精度。

Then according to the essential trial of electric drive system in electric vehicles ( evs ), it is built that the simulation model of induction motor drive system of evs in efficiency optimization control ( eoc ), which suits different motors for simulation and research concerning the running condition of evs. taking nonlinear saturation problem into consideration, simulation study on eoc is proceeded by using an actual motor acting as an example, comparison of eoc with classical u / f control mode is completed at the same time. it is analysed that the variation of losses and their distribution causing by eoc

聯系實際的應用背景，提出了電動車的最大效率控制問題。然後，從電動車電驅動系統的基本特性出發，建立了電動車工況下最大效率控制的感應電機驅動系統模擬模型，通過實例在飽和非線性的條件下進行了最大效率控制的模擬計算。針對感應電機損耗將最大效率控制產生的損耗變化及分佈規律進行了研究，對鐵心損耗的影響進行了分析。

The correction of an excessive velocity variation is not as serious a problem as the correction of excessive angular variation.

對速度變化過大時的修正問題不象對偏角變化過大時的修正那樣重要。

A variation of one - dimensional bin packing problem : the minimum cardinality bin covering problem is described and it is a huristic algorithm is designed

摘要文章介紹一維裝箱問題的一個衍生問題：最小基數箱子覆蓋問題和它的一個啟發式演算法。

In the elasticity theory of nematic liquid crystals ( nlc ), physics principles are described by variation problem initially. so in this paper we use finite elements method to solve this variation problem directly

在液晶的彈性理論中物理規律的數學描述最初是變分問題，因此本文通過有限元方法直接對這一變分問題進行數值求解。