water surface slope 中文意思是什麼
water surface slope
解釋
水面坡度-
Taken the bank spillway at yubeishan reservoir as an example, the water loads acted on the spillway, such as static water pressure, dynamic water pressure, shear stress on the surface of the step and so on, are calculated, which can provide evidence to the stability analysis of the dam slope and slope protection
並以萬縣魚背山水庫岸邊溢洪道為例，計算了溢洪道上所受的水流荷載及其分佈，為土石壩坡和護面的穩定分析提供了依據。通過計算證實了既使在較大的單寬流量下，緩坡上的階梯仍有較高的消能率。 -
The research results mainly show : ( 1 ) the ecological degradation characteristics of wuxi county include : some soil is thin and barren and its water and fertility conservation abilities are poor, gradual degradation of soil results in decrease of vegetation diversity and the vegetation community structure gradually inclines tc simplicity from complexity. the types of soil and water loss in wuxi county mainly involve surface erosion and gully erosion. according to investigation, surface erosion area occupies 80 % or so or erosion area, in which the slope farmlands surface erosion area accounts for about 70 % of farmland erosion area
研究結果主要包括： （ 1 ）巫溪縣生態退化特徵表現：作為生物生長基質的部分土壤薄而貧瘠，保水保肥能力差，部分地區基巖裸露，土壤的不斷退化導致植物種多樣性減少，植物種群結構逐步由復雜趨向簡單化；縣內水土流失的類型主要包括面蝕和溝蝕兩大類，據調查，面蝕面積占侵蝕總面積的80左右，其中坡耕地面蝕佔耕地侵蝕面積的70左右。 -
Terraces on slope land delete the conditions of causing soil and water loss. ponds, cistens, water cellars enhance surface water use efficiency, warping dams can store flood, decrease flood peak, retain sediment, and conserve water
坡地修梯田消除了產生水土流失的條件，蓄水池、旱井、水窯提高了對地表水資源的利用率，淤地壩具有蓄洪水、削洪峰、攔泥沙、涵養水源的作用。 -
Meanwhile, most aspects about this perspective are concerned, which include quantification of the soil water background of the plateau area, the regional spatial variation of soil water background and variation along the slope, mosaic structure and seasonal changes etc. the results show that : ( 1 ) for the fundamental circumstance for vegetation development is the original debilitated slope, so the perspective of soil water background specially for the loess plateau refers to the soil water conditions on the original slope. ( 2 ) the value of soil water background appears to be a descending trend from south to north based on the difference of vegetation zones. in the forest zone, soil moisture contents beneath 3m depth from the soil surface are more than 12 % usually ; in the forest - pasture zone, the values of soil moisture content beneath 4m depth underground are more than 6 % and stable, and tend to be ascending while the depth increases ; but the values in the dry pasture zone is lingering between 4 % to 6 % from the surface layer to sub - layers
發展了「土壤水分背景」的概念，並以之為基礎對其各個方面進行了研究，使之形成一個相對獨立和完整的體系，主要包括黃土高原土壤水分的背景值、土壤水分背景的區域分異、坡面分異、鑲嵌結構及其季節分異等： （ 1 ）由於植被生長發展、演替的基礎階段是天然草被群落，故認為黃土高原的土壤水分背景在概念上是特指該區天然草被群落下的土壤水分狀況； （ 2 ）黃土高原的土壤水分背景值，根據植被地帶的不同表現出自南向北逐漸降低的規律：森林地帶3米以下土層水分背景值普遍穩定地高於12 ，森林草原地帶4米以下土層水分背景值穩定大於6 ，且均隨土層的加深水分含量逐漸增加，而草原帶的土壤水分背景值自土表至底土層一直在4 6之間徘徊。 -
At first, modeling of these divvies by rate equations to obtain expressions for threshold and slope efficiency is given. on the case of this theory, the large numbers of literatures and datum are consulted, and the laser is home studied. through rationally selecting and improving the reflector surface, ensuring the beam quality, increasing farthest the absorption path, and improving effective pumping frequency ; through designing the water cooler of yag bar, the volume of laser is half the same internal and international production, and the output power is get to the extremum of the same international production
並在此基礎上查閱了大量文獻和資料，對該種激光器進行了深入的研究，通過對yag棒直徑的合理選取併合理地改進反射鏡面，從而既保證了光束質量又最大限度的增加了吸收長度，有效的提高了泵浦效率；在不影響泵浦的前提下，通過有效縮短yag棒的長度減小輸出損耗；對yag棒的水冷系統進行優化結構設計，使激光器體積減小到國外同類產品體積的一半，而輸出功率已達到國外同類產品的極限值。 -
8 disaster factors of soil erosion have been defined : surface material, landform and slope gradient, cover - degree, topographic, 30min rainfall intensity, engineering measure grade of conservation of water - soil, irregular subsidence and volume weight
確定了土壤水性的8個致災因子: 30而n暴雨強度、地表物質、地形坡度、植被搜蓋度、植被類型、工程水土保持措施等級、容重和非均勻沉降 -
It shows that the water level in the definite reach is lower than that with same discharges before dredging river, the surface slope on upper reaches dredged is enlarged and deposition load on bed is reduced or eroded
主要表現在可以引起一定范圍河段內的水位較挖河前同流量下有所降低，開挖上遊河段水面比降增大，床面淤積量有所減少或發生沖刷。 -
Improving on assumption for water pressure distributing on failure surface in rock slope
巖石邊坡中滑動面水壓分佈假設的改進 -
Considering the joint operation of the three gorges and gezhouba hydropower stations, influences of the daily regulation planning of the hydropower stations on the water surface slope of the downstream reach of the three gorges reservoir are studied
?結合三峽和葛洲壩兩電站聯合運行的實際情況，研究了調節方案對三峽水庫下遊河道水面比降的影響。 -
The alteration procedure of the underground water level is simulated under drizzle and storm rainfall conditions respectively adopting the coupling fem analysis program of surface flow and subsurface flow. the numerical simulation of the underground water level shows that the drain ditch installed over the slope does not have an notable effect on the underground water level
利用降雨條件下地表水入滲和產流耦合的計算程序，模擬了小降雨強度和大雨強度對地下水位變化的影響，並用數值計算給出了地表排水溝對地下水變化的影響不是很顯著的結論。 -
Test results show that the water surface slope, velocity and ratio of water depth to draft are the main influencing factors of ships ascending rapids
試驗結果表明，灘段的水面比降、水流速度及船舶水深吃水比是船舶上灘的主要影響因素。 -
2. on the basis of analyzing experimental data for slope land of loess plateau in different slope gradient and rain intensity and soil and water conservation tillage measures, using curve - fitting techniques, a soil infiltration rates model was woke out, the accuracy of the model is tested by a series of experiment data, the result of these indicate that the soil infiltration rates model is accurate and has good stability for slope land of loess plateau. 3. using soil infiltration rates and runoff time and wetting frontal surface depth of soil infiltration reflect effect of factor affecting soil infiltration rates
（ 3 ）採用土壤穩定入滲速率、坡面開始產流時間、土壤濕潤鋒面下滲深度三個指標來反映坡耕地土壤入滲影響（土壤性質、土壤初始含水率、地面坡度、降雨強度、積水深度、水土保持耕作措施等）因素效用大小，建立了各因素與三個指標的關系模型，詳細分析了不同水土保持耕作措施強化土壤入滲的影響，其中等高耕作作用最為顯著，其次是人工掏挖和人工鋤耕。 -
( 1 ) in newly - constructed stage and early stage of reclamation, the most important factor of runoff is 30min rainfall intensity. in later stage of reclamation, the most important one is 45min rainfall intensity. and the runoff capacity is the most important influence factor to soil erosion always ; ( 2 ) on the certain degree, loosening surface has an active function to infiltration condition but not to conserve soil ; ( 3 ) the most runoff is formed on platform of stackpile and the soil erosion often happens in the slope ; ( 4 ) stone - soiled dumps have an advantage over soil at respect of erosion resistance so that soil is not adapt in covering slope ; ( 5 ) grass has a better role in conservation of water and soil than arbor in early stage of reclamation ; ( 6 ) arbor - arboret - hemp mix is the best model for conservation
結果顯示：在未復墾時期和復墾初期， 30min降雨強度對徑流影響最大，復墾後期徑流與45min雨強相關性最強，而徑流量對土壤侵蝕量的影響始終最大；通過疏鬆地表巖土只在一定程度上改善地表的入滲條件，並不能起到保土的作用；平臺為徑流的主要形成區，而土壤侵蝕主要集中在斜坡；土石混排坡的土壤抗蝕性比覆土坡的要大得多，在排土場形成過程中不宜用厚層黃土覆坡；在復墾初期，純草模式水土保持效果明顯好於純喬模式。 -
In this paper, a quasi - 3d model of nearshore wave - induced currents and long waves is established based on the combination of an averaged integration of surface wave - induced currents equation along water depth, a 2d equation for the solution of vertical structures of the currents and a nonlinear parabolic approximate wave reflection - diffraction equation of mild slope
本文建立了將沿水深積分平均的平面波生流方程和求解波生流垂向結構的二維方程與非線性拋物型近似緩坡波浪折射-繞射傳播方程相結合的完整的準三維的近岸波浪引起的水流及其長波的模型。 -
In addition, this paper selects the water traveling wave model of the surface irrigation, and realizes the modeling of the water movement, according to the water movement characteristics of surface irrigation. furthermore, the optimization model for irrigation effects is used to produce the calculation pattern in which the water movement model is combined with optimization of technical parameters of irrigation. therefore, it is realized that the optimum unit discharge is calc ulated under the condition of definite length and slope of border check and the optimum length of border check is calculated under the condition of definite unit discharge and slope
與此同時，在分析項目區耕作條件下灌溉水流運動特點的基礎上，選擇地面灌溉水流運動波模型，實現了地面灌溉水流運動的數值模擬，並利用灌溉效果優化模型，構造了地面灌溉水流運動模擬與灌水技術參數優化相結合的計算模式，實現了定畦長、定坡降條件下的優化單寬流量求解和定單寬流量、定坡降條件下優化畦長的求解，為變灌水條件下優化灌水技術參數的確定提供了強有力的工具。 -
This essay explains the application conditions of anti - sliding piles, its design and calculation mode. we also narrate other calculations of rigidity piles and elasticity piles. as to the ecologic protection technology, we discuss the control of surface water and under underground and the protective methods that directly planting in the slope or in the frame soil
論文詳盡說明了抗滑樁的使用條件、設計、計算模型及剛性樁和彈性樁的計算模式，對邊坡地表水、地下水的治理及土質邊坡的直接植草、框架內植草護坡等生態防護技術進行了探討說明。 -
Results were as follows : surface erosion occurs in vast areas, but in low intensions ; gravitation erosion was caused by rainstorm, and always happened in steep slope with gradient degree more than 35 ; water loss is the most important form in low mountainous areas
結果表明：坡面面蝕發生范圍廣，程度重，但強度不大；重力侵蝕的誘因是暴雨，多發生在坡度大於35 %的陡坡坡面；水的流失是低山丘陵區坡面水土流失的重要形式。
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