代用貨幣 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [dàiyònghuòbì]
代用貨幣 英文
substitutionary coinage
  • 代 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） take the place of; be in place of 2 （代理） act on behalf of; acting Ⅱ名詞1 （歷...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 貨 : Ⅰ名詞1. （貨幣; 錢） money 2. （貨物; 商品） goods; commodity 3. （指人, 罵人的話） 4. 動詞[書面語] （出賣） sell
  • 幣 : 名詞（貨幣） currency; money; coin
  • 代用 : substitute
  • 貨幣 : money; currency
  1. Every greaser has an ic card reader, so the driver can pay for the oil with ic card, and the measure department can examine some measure parameters and the precision of greaser

    每臺加油機上都裝有ic卡讀寫器，加油時用戶可用ic卡代替貨幣加油，計量部門可使用ic卡檢測有關計量參數及校驗加油機計量精度。
  2. At the late stage of metal currency times, however, finding out impure noble metal currency also could be in circulation corresponding with their par value, the coin minters thereupon adopted impure noble metals to mint coins. by this means the extra balance between par value and actual worth of currency was obtained and the seigniorage was produced accordingly

    在金屬貨幣時代後期，鑄幣者發現不足值、不足量的貴金屬貨幣同樣可以按其面額大小在市場上流通，於是他們採用沒有十足成色和重量的貴金屬來鑄造貨幣，從而得到了貨幣面值大於實際價值的額外價差收入，鑄幣稅也就產生了。
  3. Us dolor was n ' t related to gold and gold did n ' t serve as money. money gradually changed its form from token money to credit money, totally abstract value symbol

    20世紀70年代，隨著布雷頓森林體系瓦解，美元脫離黃金、黃金非貨幣化，貨幣也逐漸從價值實體向完全抽象的價值符號? ?信用貨幣進行轉變。
  4. The copper cash was used in the small business, the silver was used in the big transaction. when the people paid grain tax and paid taxes, they matched the silver with the copper cash

    有清一代，主要實行銀銅平行復本位的貨幣制度，小額交易用銅錢，大額交易用銀支付；完糧納稅，銀錢搭配。
  5. That is why all modern money ( i. e. the currencies of the world ' s countries ) is in the form of printed paper or metal coins which are easy to carry and handle

    （這就是`所有現代貨幣即世界上各國的通貨都採用了容易攜帶與管理的印刷紙幣或者金屬硬幣的形式的基本原因。 ）
  6. This also protects your code from real - world currency changes, which can happen unexpectedly and invalidate the jdk s latest rule set for mapping locales to currencies. phileas fogg, the protagonist of

    這也可以保護代碼免受現實世界貨幣變化的影響，這種變化發生是非預期的，並且會使jdk用於映射地區到貨幣的最新規則失效。
  7. The traditional economy theories, such as the monetary theory of keynes, friedman and harrod - domar growth model, discussed the role of finance in economy growth from different aspects. in addition, the dispute between finance deepening theory and finance restrain theory is what government should do in the financial development. the theory of modern financial development studies how the financial structure works on the industrial structure by researching on the evolvement of financial institutions and financial markets

    根據馬克思在《資本論》中的闡述，可以得出金融資源參與產業資本循環是社會化大生產的必然要求的結論;在傳統西方經濟學理論中，凱恩斯的貨幣經濟理論、弗里德曼的新貨幣數量說和哈羅德-多馬模型等理論分別從不同角度論述了金融在經濟增長中的作用;金融深化理論與金融約束理論之爭引導人們開始探索政府在金融發展中的作用問題，而當代金融發展理論則從金融機構與金融市場的形成機制角度，探討了金融結構對產業結構的影響。
  8. The international monetary fund ( imf ) opens a sub - office in hong kong, functioning as a subsidiary unit of the imf resident representative office in beijing

    國際貨幣基金組織（基金組織）香港分處正式啟用，是基金組織駐北京代辦處的附設單位。
  9. Over - indebtedness and deflation to financial market turbulence ( irving fisher, 193 3 ), uncertainty and expectation to economic turmoil ( john maynard keynes, 1936 ), the financial instability hypothesis to the fragility of finance ( hyman rminsky, 1982 ) and " manias, panics and crashes - a history of financial crises " written by charles p. kindleberger ( 1978 ) to provide a history frame for his crises study

    還有金德爾伯格所著的《過熱、恐慌及崩潰?金融危機史》 ，從史學的角度提供了研究金融危機的框架，利用歷史展示他重要的理論思想。在近20年中誕生了三代以研究貨幣危機為主的金融危機的模型，用於解釋現代金融危機的生成和傳導。
  10. It is common practice for companies to pay different commission rates for various types of sales. for example, the commission may be reduced or climinated if goods are sold through special promotions. the commission clause should specify whether the representative is entitled to a commission on sales made by another person within the same country. similarly, this clause should indicate whether any deductions are allowed against the commissions. the currency of payment - preferably a stable one - should be given, as this is an international contract

    出售不同的東西支付不同的傭金對公司來說是個慣例.舉個例子，如果貨物是通過促銷賣出的，傭金就可能減少.傭金條款應該具體說明代理人是否有權得到由同一國家的另外一人通過銷售所得的傭金.同樣這個條款也應該說明根據傭金是否允許有折扣.支付貨幣最好用穩定的貨幣，因為這是國際合同
  11. In this study the penman discussed the complicated framework of the maize price, and particularly studied the main four parts : producing cost, circulating exes, margins, and taxes ; the factors that affect maize price are policies of government, value of money, supply and demand, system price difference, substitutions and etc ; some single and integrated modes of maize price forming are designed, and having forecasted the 2000 price of maize

    本文的主要內容是： （ 1 ）現行玉米價格體系龐大復雜，其構成分生產成本、流通費用、利潤、稅金四個部分。 （ 2 ）玉米價格形成受多種因素影響，主要是國家政策、貨幣價值、供求關系、差價體系、比價體系以及替代品和其他相關產品。 （ 3 ）建立了玉米價格預測的單個和綜合模型，對2000年價格進行預測。
  12. The us dollar, a once proud and honest currency, is moribund, like the nation it represents.

    美元一度曾是不可一世的信用篤實的貨幣，可眼下就象它代表的國家一樣，也瀕臨死亡。
  13. First - generation monetary crisis theories emphasize the key role of actual economic factors in contributing to crises while second - generation theories lay mole stress on the randomness and uncertainty of financial crises ; the theories based on financial intermediaries explain the specific mechanism for the occurrence and evolution of banking crises ; financial crises in emerging market economies have to do with their initial conditions for development and chosen institutional paths of reform and evolution ; the international contagion of financial crises cannot be ignored against the background of financial market globalization

    第一代貨幣危機理論強調實際經濟因素導致危機出現的關鍵作用，而第二代貨幣危機理論更注重危機的隨機性以及不確定性；基於金融中介的危機理論解釋了銀行業危機生發、演化的具體機理；新興市場經濟國家的金融危機具有與發展的初始條件和選擇的制度改革與演化路徑有關的特定原因；金融市場全球化背景下的金融危機具有不容忽略的國際傳遞性。
  14. While the development of securities business and internet, it is in dire need of transferring capital between bank and stockjobber safely and expediently. the transferring system between bank and stockjobber is an important financial means. there are many modes to arouse transferring

    隨著現代企業制度在全國范圍的逐步建立和金融市場的日漸完善，大量的資本流通於銀行和證券營業所之間，利用現代科技手段特別是網路實現貨幣和股票的可靠流通和交換是證券業及銀行業殛待解決的問題。
  15. The delivery of our coporation is flexible, both in domestic territory and abroad, all balance in rmb, foreign currency and l c. besides, we act for ? applying to the customs and goods import, and transship to everywhere in our country

    我司交貨靈活，可國內國外交貨，人民幣外幣信用證結算，並代理貨物報關進口，轉運國內各地。
  16. A civilized government derives comparatively little advantage from taxes unless it can collect them in money : and if it has large or sudden payments to make, especially payments in foreign countries for wars or subsidies, either for the sake of conquering or of not being conquered ( the two chief objects of national policy until a late period ), scarcely any medium of payment except money will serve the purpose

    文明國家的政府若不能徵得貨幣租稅，則得自稅收的好處便很少，因為如果它要支付大筆意外的款項，特別是如果為了征服別國或不被別國所征服（這在近代以前是國家政策的兩個主要目標）而需要在國外支付戰費或補助費，則除了貨幣以外幾乎沒有別的支付媒介可供此用。
  17. Based on the analysis of commercial banks " current concept about fund management, this paper brings forward that fund management is the main - string in its operation, and that the concept of fund management, including security and profitability, is extended from current " forrying fund " to the management of the fund cost and fund risk the paper comprehensively discusses the principle of fund management, the management of fund costs, the tactics of management about fund liquidity, the measures of management about fund risks and how to solve the problems on interest risk in the period of frequent interest fluctuation. the paper puts forward ideas on how to improve the fund management. the security, liquidity and profitability of the fund, which are both contradictory and integrated with one another, are internal factors of fund management. fund liquidity is traditional core question. commercial banks face with a number of risks of witch credit risk is the greatest one because our country has adjusted interest rates 8 times since 1996, which covered a period of frequent interest fluctuation

    商業銀行面對許多風險，但最大風險是信用風險。由於我國自1996年以來已連續調整了8次利率，近幾年是利率波動頻繁時期，研究利率的敏感性問題顯得特別重要。要改善資金管理，提高商業銀行的經營水平，就要建立資金管理是商業銀行經營主線的理念，對資金要統一規劃和管理；要改革銀行的體制，建立現代企業制度和法人治理結構，在體制上為資金管理提供有利的運行平臺；增加改善資金流動性管理所需的貨幣政策工具，擴大資金調控手段；打破貨幣市場的僵化局面，為資金管理創造有利的宏觀環境；續續優化負債結構和負債載體設計；增強資金信用風險規避和化解的措施；通過銀行資源整合，努力尋找資金的安全投放渠道，最終完成經營模式由傳統型向現代型的轉變。
  18. For example, disturb a country ’ s normal financial order, reduce the independence and effectiveness of monetary policy, weaken the government ’ s fiscal basis, make the country ’ s exchange rate fluctuated fiercely, etc. so it is important to learn deeply about the cause 、 approach and affection of currency substitution, to find the policies and methods to keep it away

    例如:擾亂一國正常的金融秩序，影響貨幣政策的獨立性和有效性，削弱政府的財政稅基，造成一國匯率水平的劇烈波動等等。因此，深入了解貨幣替代現象的成因，途徑，影響，找到防範貨幣替代的政策手段，對于中國在開放條件下保持宏觀經濟的均衡發展，維護本國貨幣體系的穩定，有著重要的作用。
  19. At the beginning, it was substantial money acting as the intermediary of transactions

    從最初充當交換媒介的實物貨幣，發展到了鑄幣和銀行券? ?代用貨幣。
  20. An indication of the severity of this shortage and of the resultant wide variety of substitutes is given by the fact that during 1775 in north carolina alone as many as seventeen different forms of money were declared to be legal tender

    表明這種短缺的嚴重程度以及由此出現的各種各樣代用貨幣的事實是， 1775年間，僅北卡羅萊納就有17種不同形式的「貨幣」被宣布為法定交換媒介。
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