仿形規 的英文怎麼說

By studying the shape, structure, driving - model and the rules of movement of human hand from anthropotomy, a dexterous hand close to a human hand in structure and functions with 5 fingers and 19 dofs is designed

通過分析正常人體解剖學，針對人類手掌的外形結構、驅動形式及運動規則，設計了一種5指仿人靈巧手。

The paper describes isn as a nonlinear dynamic complexity system, and with self - organization characteristics. next, the paper constructs the structural model of ecological industrial chain by imitating the producer, consumer and decomposer in natural ecological system, and analyses the resources flow from the viewpoint of value chain. based on the theory of byproduct exchange, the paper put forwards four kinds of operation model of isn, and analyze them hi detail by using of the case study

模仿自然生態系統中的生產者、消費者和分解者構建生態產業鏈結構模型，從價值鏈角度分析了其中的資源流動；提出了生態產業鏈活性因子的概念，並運用這一概念對生態產業鏈的形成機理進行分析；基於副產品交換的特點，提出四種工業共生網路運作模式：依託型共生網路，平等型共生網路，嵌套型共生網路和虛擬型共生網路；通過對工業共生網路中資源流動的分析，揭示了副產品交換規律。

Firstly this charter elaborates the relation between the enterprise development and resource accumulation, secondly explains the mechanism of imitation innovation how to incent resource accelerating accumulation, the importance of imitation innovation is also that it supplies channel of visible resource accelerating a

（ 5 ）模仿創新可以優化創新資源（尤其是稀缺資源）的配置，加快技術的擴散速度，形成一定的規模效益，促進產業結構的改變。 （ 6 ）模仿創新能加快企業資源的積累。

The normal methods of translation, rotating and scaling can not be applied to the affine transform of fractal images

通常分形圖不能用常規的平移、旋轉和比例變換方法來進行仿射變換。

Accuracy of machine tools and methods of test - specification for copying lathes and copying attachments

機床精度和試驗方法.第2部分:仿形車床和仿形附件規范

The combination of the conventionai 1 duaiistic economy structure and the new dualistic ecpnomy structure under the hi - tech industry forms a muitip1e " eriensive dualistic economy structure ". during the hi - tech industry deveiopment process, there exist the industry main body " dualistic configuration ", market monopoly competition " duality mathet structure and developmeof path " duality path " inside the hi - tech industry because of these iotercrossed each othef, the hi4ech industry development economy system is featured with the int6raction of compound dualistic economy structure. ln this paper it is caiied as super duaiistic economy structure mode, that is to say, the hi4ech industry

以此為基礎，對于高技術產業資本原始形成的途徑、高技術產業融資的「超二元化結構」體制模式及其效率問題分別進行了論述，提出決定高技術產業發展中金融支持體系的「超二元結構」和高技術產業融資的系統理論模式：大銀行、主板證券市場支持以模仿創新技術、規模壟斷為主要特徵的規模壟斷型高技術產業，中小企業的銀行、私募資本市場的天使投資和創業資本投資、創業板證券市場支持以原創性創新技術、技術壟斷和中小企業為主要特徵的技術壟斷型高技術產業。

Normalized b - basis, namely optimal normalized totally positive basis, plays an important role in cagd, for it possess positive properties such as variation diminishing, convex - hull, affine invariance, tangency to the control polygon at the endpoints and b - algorithm

規范b基即最優規范的全正基，因其具有凸包性、仿射不變性、最優保形性，端點插值性及b演算法等重要性質，在cagd中起著重要的作用。

Meeting the demands of cross - organizations cooperation, supply chain management ( scm ) has become a focusing on cooperation, advanced, and innovational besinees management mode. this research focuses on coordination issues in operation process of established construcation supply chain ( csc ) by combining the reseach methodologies, such as theory analysis and case study, quantitive and qualitative, and hybriding multiple pricinples, such as operation research, game theory, and intelligent agent technology. considering the actual demands and characters of the construction industry, this research mainly includes five sections, i. e. csc coordination issues, formation mechanism of csc coordination, impacts of information sharing on csc operation, cooperative decisiona making mechanism of csc and csc supporting platform

（ 2 ）運用交易成本經濟學和企業能力理論，從減少交易成本和提高企業能力兩個方面闡述建設供應鏈協調（合作）形成的內在動力，論述了供應鏈（管理）是建設管理應當選擇的最佳規制結構;分析了建設供應鏈運作中的「囚徒困境」 ，用聲譽模型（ kmrw ）和演化博弈理論中的模仿著動態（ replicatordynamic ）模型分析了建設供應鏈各參與方的合作與競爭行為，分析得出建設供應鏈各方採用合作戰略是保證建設供應鏈系統向合作方向演化及其穩定性的基礎;給出了建設供應鏈合作戰略制定與實施的主要內容和要求。

Because of last a century industry revolution is with the technology creative since behave type history precept for educating the glorious material civilization of with spiritual civilization, again making the nature ecosystem the environment suffering the bigness wound ; face with the large quantity that economic development mode consume the nature resources, break the ecosystem environment to price to give the our country small town developments of a nice bit of inside the negative influence that bring before, if over - emphasize in the moment economic " performance ", the regardless of farsighted ecosystem is equilibrium, and escape from to be the ground seriously economy, culture foundation with same mode of term, blindness mimicry of nature geography, because of but cause the native special features and traditional culture to lose, image one, thousand an etc. of cities ; with the same mode of term, blindness mimicry of nature geography, because of but cause the native special features and traditional culture to lose, image one, thousand an etc. of cities ; people who reply 21 century pursue the whole body heart the health the life style that develop relation towards publicly exist with movable environment request more and more of high and rigorous challenge, this lesson " inside small town environment design way of thinking research ", then " insist put can into practice keep on develop strategy, exactitude handle economy with population, resources, environment, improvement ecosystem environment with beautify to live the environment, improvement public facilities is with the social welfare facilities. found to produce the development hard, life wealthy with the leading that the good civilization of ecosystem develop the road " for total thought, then " unify programming, reasonable layout, is proper because of the ground system, each have special features, protect farmland, beautify environment, synthesize development, kit developments " for the basic way, regarding related research result of domestic and international expert ' s scholar as draw lessons from, then " create to set up clean, beautiful, quite and public environment, outstanding character image, expand the region ecosystem the vogue, and promote the economic society and environment can keep on developing, and realize the economy develop to win with environmental protection double " for design the target

鑒于上一世紀產業革命和科技創新既為人類造就出輝煌物質文明和精神文明，又使自然生態環境遭受到巨大創傷的歷史教訓；面臨以往以大量消耗自然資源、破壞生態環境為代價的經濟發展模式給我國相當多的中小城鎮建設帶來的負面影響，如偏重眼前經濟「效益」 ，不顧長遠生態平衡，嚴重脫離當地經濟、文化基礎和自然地理條件，盲目模仿同一模式，因而導致本土特色與傳統文化喪失，形象單一，千城一面等；應對21世紀人們追求全身心健康發展的生活方式對公共生存與活動環境要求越來越高的嚴峻挑戰，本課題「中小城鎮環境設計思路研究」 ，以「堅持實施可持續發展戰略，正確處理經濟同人口、資源、環境的關系，改善生態環境和美化生活環境，改善公共設施和社會福利設施。努力開創生產發展、生活富裕和生態良好的文明發展道路」為總的指導思想，以「統一規劃、合理布局、因地制宜、各具特色、保護耕地、優化環境、綜合開發、配套建設」為根本方針，以國內外專家學者相關研究成果為借鑒，以「創建清潔、優美、寧靜的公共環境，突出個性形象，弘揚地域生態風尚，促進經濟社會與環境可持續發展，實現經濟發展與環境保護雙贏」為設計目標。並緊緊圍繞這一目標對中小城鎮的街區環境設計、建築特色設計、建築形象設計、自然環境設計、藝術形象設計、廣場景觀設計、住宅小區設計、生態環境設計、文化建設以及總體環境設計的定位等，展開了具體的思路研究與探討。

The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level

文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。

The fractal theory provides an important method in study of irregular objects of self - similarity and self - affinity

摘要分形理論是分析和研究自然界中具有「自相似性」 、 「自仿射性」不規則形體的重要手段。

Standard practice for approximate determination of current density of large - diameter ion beams for sputter depth profiling of solid surfaces

固體表面濺射深度仿形加工用大直徑離子束的電流密度近似測定的標準規程

In knowledge economy times, technology innovation plays an important role in enterprise and country economy development. it can increase product added value, improve rationalize structure, strengthen enterprise competition, eliminish market maturation, spur industrial upgrading and updating, and it is a only way to improve economy increasing quality, it is also a fundamental way to realize undeveloped country surpassing the early starters. in history, once technology innovation is appeared, it would bring huge example role in society. the enterprise who can not gain additional profit hope to share it ' s benefit. so can form colossal imtatioitation climax

知識經濟時代，技術創新對企業和國家經濟發展擔負著重要的歷史責任，它是改善產品結構，提高產品附加值，增強企業競爭力的根本手段，是消除市場成熟化的有效途徑，是促使產業結構高級化的主要動因，是經濟增長的根本源泉，是提高經濟增長質量的唯一出路，也是后發國家后來居上的根本途徑從歷史上看，技術創新一經出現，就會在社會上產生巨大的示範作用，那些未獲得潛在的超常規利潤的企業便會紛紛渴望分享其利，從而形成巨大的模仿高潮。

But many problems also comes out in the industry, such as the long - domineering imitation medicine in the production, lack of investment into research and development of new medicines and products with intelligence property, the small medicine production scale and output and repeated construction of pharmacies in lo w standard, as well as low - developed scale economy brought out by unreasonable product structure

但在發展的同時，醫藥業也出現了許多嚴重的問題，如藥品的生產長期以仿製國外藥品為主，對新藥研發的投入不大，缺少擁有知識產權的新藥；藥品生產規模和生產總量較小，長期處于低水平重復建設；產品結構不合理，難以形成有競爭力的規模經濟優勢等。

Base on many years of experience in development and manufacturing, we get a lot of basis data of asteroidal magneto, through the analysis of these data and with the application of base theory of generator design, this thesis introduces a standard method of magneto key parameters design

本文在總結磁電機生產企業多年仿製開發、生產的基礎上，通過對大量星形磁電機品種的數據進行分析、歸納，運用電機設計基礎理論，提出了星形磁電機關鍵參數的規范化設計方法。

Established in 1753, it has retained its original layout and overall appearance, based on a rectangular grid pattern drawn up in the home country

它建於1753年，保存有完好的原始布局和完整的外觀，城市整體結構呈矩形，摹仿了英國本土的城市規劃結構。