估定效率 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gūdìngxiàolǜ]
估定效率
英文
efficient estimate-
Lawmaking is to aim to enhance all kinds of law ’ s efficiency factors which are confirmative degree and developmental degree and efficient social press. new laws are needed when the law demand which is asked for the variability of insider structure breaks through the intrinsic law supply because a domain ’ s insider structure changes, that is, new sub - domains appear, or intrinsic sub - domains expand or fission or shrink or die away. new laws are also needed if that situation is estimated by legislators in advance
立法旨在提高各子域法的效率因子? ?確定性因子、適應性因子和社會壓力的有效性因子;當域的內部結構發生變化，即出現新的子域，或者原有子域壯大、裂變、萎縮抑或消失時，這種域的內部結構的變異性對法律的需求一旦突破了原有的法律供給，或者立法者已於事先估測到這種情形時，新的立法就成了必需。Following the research route of mend with study and development with creation, give the definition of risk and the methods of risk identifying, divide the risk attitude into risk loving, risk neutralism and risk avoiding, point out the importance of enhancing the risk consciousness for lightning hazard, and summarize the mechanisms of lightning hazard the theories and methods of risk assessment for lightning hazard. provide a set of risk assessment parameters for lightning hazard, which includes lightning times n, hazard probability p, hazard loss d, hazard risk r and protection efficiency e, and give the definition, decisive factor, value method and value scope of each parameter. establish a risk assessment model for lightning hazard which includes lightning hazard base module, lightning hazard probability module, lightning hazard loss module, lightning hazard accepted risk module, lightning protection cost module, correcting coefficient module, lightning hazard risk module, and lightning protection class and efficiency module
遵循借鑒改造和發展創新的研究思路，給出了風險的定義和風險識別的方法，將風險態度分為風險喜好型、風險中庸型和風險逃避型，指出了提高雷電災害風險意識的重要性，總結了雷電災害的作用機制和雷電災害風險評估的理論與方法；提供了包括雷擊次數n 、雷災概率p 、雷災損失d 、雷災風險r和雷電防護級別與防護效率e等5類基本參數的雷電災害風險評估參數體系，並給出了各個參數的定義、參數的決定因素和取值方法以及取值范圍；設計了包括雷電災害基礎模塊、雷電災害概率評估模塊、雷電災害損失評估模塊、雷電災害允許風險評估模塊、雷電防護成本評估模塊、校正系數模塊、雷電災害風險評估模塊、雷電防護級別與效率分析模塊等8個模塊的雷電災害風險評估模型，評估模型以iec61662的評估模型為基本參考，以雷災損失d為中心，把雷災風險劃分為經濟雷災風險r _ e和人身雷災風險r _ l ，並對r _ e和r _ l分開單獨處理。With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。We make the following assumption for when 2 is positive definite matrix, different estimators about matrix of regression coefficients and inefficiency of least squares estimate have been discussed in many documents. considered 2 is nonnegative definite matrix, this thesis derives best linear unbiased estimate of parameter matrix b and estimable parameter function kbl under the meaning of matrix nonnegative definite and the property of maximum probability of blue is investigated. next, we discuss some necessary and sufficient conditions of the equality of the lse and blue, then we derive the estimation of the deviation bet - ween the least squares and the best linear unbias estimators of the mean matrix, meanwhile a relative efficiency of lse ofb is proposed and its bound is given
當0時，眾多文獻討論了回歸系數陣的各種估計及lse的有效性，本文考慮了當0的情形，給出了回歸系數陣b及其可估參數函數kbl的在矩陣非負定意義下的最優估計（ blue ） ，研究了它的一個最大概率性質，並且討論了最小二乘估計成為最佳線性無偏估計的充分必要條件，在此基礎上給出了均值矩陣的最小二乘估計與blue的偏差估計，定義了lse相對于blue的一個相對效率，並給出了它的界。Research of this paper opens out enclosing the subject that m & as and reconstruction of public companies can help to realize resource collocating of securities market, advance quality of public companies, and promote the optimization of structure and function of stated - owned economy. the paper researches how to change the financial and speculative reconstruction at present to the strategic and material reconstruction aftertime. firstly, the author proves the feasibility of m & as and reconstruction that conduces to advance management efficiency of companies and efficiency of securities market in theory, and emphasizes on some conceptions which have certain differences between westward m & as and reconstruction market and ours
西方的並購重組理論為我們提供了一定的思考的角度，其中比較有代表性的有效率理論，從管理、經營、財務的協同效應和多元化經營、戰略重組等方面解釋了並購重組對改善企業經營管理的可能性；代理問題理論，把並購重組作為解決企業委託代理問題的一個外部機制，即當由於公司管理層的無效率或代理問題而導致公司經營管理業績不佳的時候，公司就可能面臨著被收購的威脅；信息與信號理論，認為並購重組信息向市場傳遞了有關公司管理、股票價值、資本結構等方面的信息，從而引起公司的市場價值被重新評估，導致股價波動。Creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design
基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響Abstract : creep analysis methods of high - rise buildings and large span buildings can only refer to creep coefficient method in bridge engineering or the method of degree of creep in hydraulic construction engineering under the present experiment conditions. in this paper, the incremental expressions of concrete creep and shrinkage strain when the initial computational age is not the same as the loading age are derived and corrected from the concept of concrete creep coefficient and the mean value theorem of integral and the principle of superposition. the differences of efficiency and accuracy of creep analysis between the finite element method with creep coefficient and the initial stress method with degree of creep are presented. this paper suggests that engineers should use the initial stress method with degree of creep to estimate the influences of creep on high - rise buildings and large span buildings on the basis of conceptual design
文摘:基於現有的試驗資料，高層及大跨度民用建築的徐變分析只能參照橋梁結構中的徐變系數方法或水工結構中的徐變度方法進行.從徐變系數的定義出發，利用積分中值定理和疊加原理，推導並修正了加載齡期與起算齡期不同時徐變收縮應變增量的表達式，對比了應用徐變系數分析徐變的有限元法和應用徐變度分析徐變的初應變法在效率和精度上的差別，並建議應從概念設計的角度出發，採用徐變度的初應變法來估算徐變對高層及大跨度民用建築的影響All these estimates are feasible unbiased estimates. we use the quotient of the determinant of the variance - covariance matrix of the feasible unbiased estimates, that is, a kind of relative efficency to compare these esti - mates. the results have instructive significance for practice
我們應用這些估計的協方差陣的行列式之商，即一種相對效率比較了這些估計的優劣，所得結果對實際應用具有一定指導意義。The results of research reveals the variation disciplinarian and the affected factor, defines the factor limiting the urban regional development. all these offer scientific references for reasonable city planning, municipal building project planning, reasonable arrangement of land use, the confirmation of land use intensity and the improving land use benefit. and a series of methods we have explored can apply the practical manipulation of grading and assessing urban land, which contribute to enhance working efficiency, shorten the time of evaluation, enhance the updating of urban land price, establish a system of dynamic superviso ry control and examination, and enhance accuracy and objectivity of urban land - rated evaluation
再由球形檢驗和主成份分析、信度分析、多元回歸分析的技術路線，逐層遞深地解譯影響城市地價的主要因素及相互數量關系，其研究結果揭示了城市地價的變化規律和影響因素、明確了限制城市區域發展的因素，為合理的城市規劃，市政建設項目規劃，合理安排土地用途，確定土地利用強度，提高土地利用效益等提供了科學依據，同時探索的系列化方法可直接應用於城市定級估價的實際操作中，有利於提高工作效率，縮短估價時間，提高城市地價的現勢性，建立地價動態監控和測算系統，又可提高城市定級估價的準確度和客觀性，在理論上、學術和實踐上均有積極意義。The multi - issues set is a container of some issues that relates to the negotiated proposition. the reasoning frame works out the proposal to the opposing party in terms of the integration multi - tactic, and this integration tactic comprehensively considers time, resource and opponent - tactic. we give a method of calculating the manhattan distance between the utility of two multi - issues vectors with the integrated - utility evaluation
:據自身和對手的各種信知，交替提議的推理機制，該推理機制綜合考慮時間、資源、對方底價等多方面的因子，提高了協商交互中的效率;在協商決策機制方面，該框架採用比較多議題向量整合效用值之間曼哈頓距離的演算法來進行效用評估，決策是否達成一致的協定。An efficient implementation of this framework is presented, for segmenting two motions ( foreground and background ) using two frames. the expectation - maximization algorithm is used to determine the two motions and calculate the label probability for each edge. the best motion labeling for these regions is determined using simulated annealing
針對前景和背景兩種運動分割的情況，本文給出了一種基於貝葉斯分割框架的有效實現，它使用最大期望（ em ）演算法來估算邊緣的標定概率，並通過模擬退火演算法來完成這些分割區域的最佳運動標定。Holds that the main task of natural gas entering cities is to relieve environment pollution status, the " thermal - related energy needs " should be satisfied by gas. two concepts were defined, one is " electricity generation cost coefficient " the other is " equivalent pollution coefficient "
提出了「電能生產成本（效率）影響系數」的概念，用於合理的評估不同空調方式的能耗特點；提出了「當量污染系數」的概念，藉助這一指標可以在一定程度上評價針對外來電力的不同使用方式用於改善本地環境的合理性。The assessment system for tax payment credit rank may effectively disposes the collection resources, enhances the collection quality and efficiency, at the same time, through legally paying taxes to the taxpayer, this system is helpful to strengthen the tax revenue monitoring, sharpens warning ability the tax revenue risk early, this is one kind of increment use to the taxpayer information resources, it is the vital significance to tax innovation on the information foundation
納稅信用等級評定系統可有效配置征管資源，提高征管質量和效率，實現征管效能的最大化。同時，通過對納稅人依法納稅情況的評估，有助於加強稅收監控，提高稅收風險預警能力，這是對納稅人信息資源的一種增值利用，對正在進行的信息化基礎上的專業化的稅收征管改革具有重要意義。We all know that, the efficiency of the payment and settlement system is related with the economic development, financial and social stability
支付系統的運行效率事關一國經濟發展、金融穩定與社會安定之大局，一旦發生支付系統風險，其破壞作用和危害是難以估量的。We have estimated the technical efficiency of each bank in 1985 - 2001, exploiting the two different approaches respectively, while the total loan, other investment and profit are specified as outputs, labor, net fixed asset and business expanse as inputs. then the technical efficiency is decomposed into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency
本文選用貸款、其它投資和利潤作為產出指標，員工人數、固定資產凈值和營業及管理費用作為投入指標，分別運用數據包絡分析和隨機前沿方法對1985 - 2001年我國主要的商業銀行技術效率值進行估算，並將技術效率分解為純技術效率和規模效率。Firstly, the author evaluated the fund through the technology and tested it with examples. basted on the capital asset pricing model and the theory of portfolio, the paper used the ratio of profit according time to evaluate the profit ; used the a and 3 to evaluate the risk ; used the sp, tp, a p to evaluate the profit according to the risk ; used the ability of liquid and so on to evaluate the fund portfolio. otherwise, the author corrected the asset of fund according to the specialty of our country
技術面評價以證券投資組合理論和資本資產定價模型為基礎，運用時間加權收益率對基金收益進行評價；運用系數、系數對基金風險進行評價；運用夏普指數、特雷納指數、詹森指數、積極投資效率指數對基金進行收益和風險配比評價；運用基金平均市盈率、股票集中度、股票日換手率、基金流動性和基金平均漲幅對基金進行組合質量評價；並根據我國股市的特點對基金凈值進行修正計算，對基金實際價值進行評估。At the operating voltage and current less than rated values, the amplifier provides a maximum of 5. 94 - w ( continuous wave ) output power when driven into saturation. the average combining efficiency over the operating band was estimated at 82 %. the maximum combining - efficiency and the overall power - added efficiency ( pae ) is 87 % and 13. 6 %, respectively
該功率合成放大器在低於mmics功率單片額定工作值的情況下獲得了1 . 7ghz帶寬的最大飽和輸出功率5 . 94w （連續波） ;整個帶內合成效率估計平均為82 % ，最大合成效率達87 % ，功率相加效率（ pae ）約為13 . 6 % ;若電源達到mmics單片的額定值，估計最大輸出射頻功率將會達到7w 。On the other side, through the multi - aspects of research and the experience both from china and abroad on m & a, the article also clarifies its view on the efficiency theory, agency theory, transaction charges theory, value understatement theory, marketing influence theory and wealth reallocation theory. it also gives an explanation on the primitive motive on m & a, i. e. pursuing maximum profit and minimum competitive pressure, which, at the same time, generates the relevant effects : finance synergy, management synergy, market share effect, enterprise development effect, and strategy transit effect. the detail planning of a m & a strategy according to the relevant m & a motive is of critical importance to the success of a m & a operation
企業並購從橫向並購、縱向並購、發展到混合併購，反映了企業並購的發展過程；從多種角度對企業並購加以研究，並結合國內外企業並購的實際，闡述了企業並購的效率理論、代理理論、交易費用理論、價值低估理論、市場勢力理論、財富再分配理論；分析了企業並購的原始動因? ?追求高額利潤與減少競爭壓力，並由此產生的效應? ?財務協同效應、管理協同效應、市場份額效應、企業發展效應、戰略轉移效應；根據企業並購的動機，謹慎規劃企業並購戰略，對企業並購成功至關重要，可以採用中心多角化戰略、復合多角化戰略、垂直式整合戰略、水平式整合戰略來規劃企業並購；採用一個合適的方法對目標企業進行價值評估是企業並購中一個重要環節，正確評估目標企業的價值，使交易價格相對公正合理，並能提高交易成功率，避免決策失誤；確定企業並購價值后，採用一個合理的支付方式，就完成了企業並購的最後工作。Efficiency model based on value - position probability - estimation of dmus on qualitative criteria
基於定性指標價值位置概率估計的效率模型This process is seldom cut - and - dried ; rather it involves evaluating many aspects of each application, including total cost of ownership, efficiency, competitive advantage, supporting foundation, risk factors, scalability, and business processing priority
該流程很少固定，相反，其涉及到了評估每個應用程序的許多方面，包括所有權的總成本、效率、競爭優勢、支持基礎、風險因素、可伸縮性和業務流程優先權。分享友人