僅指表面 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jǐnzhǐbiǎomiàn]
僅指表面 英文
durable pressappearancee
  • : 僅副詞[書面語] (將近) nearly; close to
  • : 指構詞成分。
  • : Ⅰ名詞1 (外面;外表) outside; surface; external 2 (中表親戚) the relationship between the child...
  • : Ⅰ名詞1 (頭的前部; 臉) face 2 (物體的表面) surface; top 3 (外露的一層或正面) outside; the ri...
  • 表面 : surface; superficies; boundary; face; rind; sheet; skin; outside; appearance
  1. Abstract : in the research of internal combustion engine, recordingin - cylinder pressure and temperature is an essential technique to study the thermal cycle of internal combustion engine. the combustion analyzer developed in this study will give both the measurements at sampling points per crank angle or sampling cycle, calculate and show the real time parameters which decide the working process of internal combustion engine, such as pressure accelerating rate, indicateed mean effective pressure, cycle - to - cycle variation, heat release rate, etc. compared with the imported congeneric products, the analyzer has many advantages such as chinese interface, low price, easy operateing, convenience in maintainance and easy upgrading

    文摘:為了測錄內燃機缸內的壓力及溫度,開發了一種內燃機燃燒分析儀.該分析儀由國產高速數據採集卡及自行開發的控制軟體組成.它不能精確設置每度曲軸轉角內采樣點的個數和採集循環數,而且在採集過程中能實時計算和徵內燃機工作過程的壓力升高率、平均示壓力、循環變動率、放熱率等參數.經實際使用以及與國外產品相比明,此分析儀具有全中文界、價格低、操作簡單、使用維護方便、功能便於擴充等優點
  2. Durable press appearance

    僅指表面
  3. Today the architecture in china is pedantic gamesmanship in scholarship and emphasize too much on the form of building in design. face this phenomeon, the paper sets out from the essence, considers the basic problem in architecture creation from the architectural structure, technique, material, space, building and environment, tradition and creation, etc. the paper studies on architecture noumenon and its humane value, analyzes the design principle and method of expressing humane value with architecture noumenon, point out that this kind of design principle and method emphasize the tangible materility of architecture ' s tectonic and craft, and at the same time make a point of the expression of architecture ' s essense, it not only create the spiritual beauty that forms the building with abundant tectonic and wrought detail, but also create the architect ' s place sprit through facing tradition and context with accommodative language of modern architecture

    對當今建築界在學術方學究式的取巧以及在建築設計中對形式的過于強調,本論文從本體出發,從建築的構造、技術、材料、空間以及建築與環境、傳統與創新的關系各個方思考建築創作中的基本問題,對建築本體及其人文內涵進行研究,分析以建築本體達人文內涵的設計理念和設計方法,出這種設計理念和設計方法在強調建築構造工藝方的可觸知的物質性的同時,還注重建築的內在含義的達,不以豐富的建構語言和細部處理形成建築的內在美,而且以包容性的現代建築語言對歷史傳統和環境文脈,形成建築的場所感。
  4. Skin effect is current conduction along only the outer surface of a conductor at high frequencies

    趨膚效應是在高頻下通過導體的外進行傳導的電流。
  5. The main ways of growth is imitating, self - exploring and self - summarizing, through these ways, they accumulate some experience of preschool education, but there is clearly shortcomings in those experience : ( 1 ) educating method is simple, that is to say, the ways of interaction between teacher and children is only language, the objects of interaction is only between teacher and children, the background of interaction is in collective activities, the means of interaction is only in classroom and collective activities directed by teacher. ( 2 ) paying specially attention to teaching knowledge and ignoring play, also paying specially attention to result but not the course of study, all that make kindergarten have the tendency to primary school in teaching style. ( 3 ) the basic educational quality of these teachers is at a low level, e. g

    研究發現:一、貧困民族地區民辦回族幼兒教師在成長中以愛心為基點,充分發揮了奉獻、吃苦耐勞的職業品質,成為她們成長的內在動力;二、被研究教師在實踐中通過模仿、自我探索、自我總結的主要途徑,積累了一定的教育經驗,但也存在明顯的不足; (一)教育方式方法單一,即相互作用的手段限於言語傳授;相互作用的對象限於教師和幼兒之間;相互作用背景限於班級集體活動中;相互作用的途徑限於作業課和教師導的集體活動中; (二)重知識傳遞、輕游戲活動,重教育結果輕活動過程,小學化傾向嚴重; (三)教師基本教育素質偏低,現在文化知識水平低下,專業技能技巧缺乏,不能滿足幼兒全發展的需求。
  6. Compared with a delta wing aircraft, the double - delta wing configuration has better aerodynamic performance at high angles of attack. an operational analysis was introduced as a method for evaluating training effectiveness of trainer aircraft. approaches to the engineering estimation of aerodynamic characteristics for aircraft with a double - delta wing configuration were studied, and the procedures for determining aircraft performance indices formulated. taking training effectiveness as the objective function and geometric parameters of the wing platform as design variables, through a numerical multivariate optimization arithmetic, the conceptual design optimization for a certain fighter trainer aircraft with double - delta wing configuration was carried out under the constraints of tactical and technical requirements and interrelated geometry. agreement of a calculation example with engineering practice indicates that the optimal design has higher training effectiveness than the baseline design, and in addition, improves the structural force - bearing conditions

    雙三角翼氣動布局比三角翼飛機具有更好的大攻角空氣動力特性.引入了評估教練機訓練效能的作戰分析法,研究了雙三角機翼布局飛機空氣動力特性的工程計算途徑以及飛機性能標的確定方法.以訓練效能作為目標函數並選取機翼平形狀的幾何參數為設計變量,採用多變量數值尋優方法,在戰術技術標及相關幾何約束條件下,對某高級教練機的雙三角機翼氣動布局方案進行了優化選擇.算例明最優方案不比原準方案具有更高的訓練效能,還改善了結構的受力情況,與工程實踐吻合
  7. Studies have been made shown that under water stress, not only root weight, root specific surface area, root - shoot ratio, root growing potential, root water potential, root vessel diameter, etc which express the indexes of wheat root morphology and architecture have significantly changed, but also bleeding sap, root respiratory rate, root plasma membrane permeability, plasmalemma peroxide level, root protective enzymes and its isoenzymes etc which express root physiological indexes have changed correspondingly

    過去進行的研究明,乾旱脅迫條件下,不達小麥根系形態和構型建成標的根系數量、根系比積、根冠比、根生長勢、根水勢、根導管直徑等發生顯著變化,而且達根系生理標的傷流液、根呼吸速率、根系質膜透性、膜脂過氧化水平、保護酶及其同工酶等也發生相應改變。
  8. The risk estimation of the exposure to market risks as the risk - management ' s core, there are many risk - management models of estimating the risk of financial markets, in this paper, the author first analyses the characteristics of the current financial market risks, then makes a comprehensive systematic analysis and estimation of all kinds of risks present in financial market with the help of var ( value at risk ), a world - wide valuably and widely accepted brand - new risk management tools. finally, a substantive suggestion about the applications of var models to the financial markets risk management of our country is provided on the basis of the detailed analysis of the calculation of all kinds of var models, along with their advantages and disadvantages and also the applications. with the development and betterment of our country ' s security markets, the entry into wto and openness of financial market, financial product innovation and extensions of traditional bank off - balance business, the augmentation of market risks will surely lead to risk management innovation and identity to international standards. therefore, the research of financial market risk management signifies a lot not only in a realistic sense, also in a guideline sense. this is just where this paper aims

    針對金融市場風險管理的核心主要是對風險的測量,本文先分析了當前金融市場風險的特點,然後應用近年來在國際上受到廣泛重視並開始為大家所接受的一種全新的風險管理工具? 「在險價值」 ( valueatrisk ) var的基本思想,全、系統地分析和測量了金融市場所存在的各種風險,並對各種var基本模型的計算、優缺點及應用作了詳細分析,最後對var模型在我國金融市場風險管理的應用提出了實質性的建議。隨著我國證券市場的發展壯大和不斷完善,及加入wto和金融市場的開放,金融產品的創新及傳統銀行外業務的不斷拓寬,市場風險的加大必將帶來風險管理的創新並同國際接軌。所以金融市場風險管理的研究不具有現實意義,更具有導意義實,這也是論文的出發點所在。
  9. This paper studies the rational b - splines curves with prescribed poles and surfaces for the first time, and studies the properties of this new surface modeling. the result indicate that this modeling not only have the property of geometric modeling, but also have the agility and availability, and score the singular of curve

    本文首次構造了定極點的有理b樣條曲線曲,並深入研究了這種新穎曲模型的性質,結果明該有理曲模型不具有幾何造型的特點,而且更靈活、更有效,並能刻畫曲線的奇性等固有特性
  10. L - s - vygotsky who represented the school of social culture points put that the process of individual ' s evolution is affected not only by the experiences of social cultural practice and the incentives of activities, but also by the tissues of individual ' s continuous integration. r case, an eminent representative of neo - piagetian theories, brings forward the unique " process and structures " theory, which inherits from the most key ideas of piaget ' s children ' s cognitive development that the development has a qualitative process assuming some quality phases

    2 . 3社會文化學派對兒童認知發展的「過程一結構」理論的啟示以維果茨基(竹gotsky )為代的社會文化學派出個體內化的過程不是受社會文化實踐經驗和活動意圖的影響,而更深層次是組織不斷改組的過程,注重了從社會影響和人際互動方等解釋兒童智慧發展機制,強調了兒童認知心理學研究的社會生態效度。
  11. According to the real condition of state - owned investment company in china, me author thinks the basic reason, which led to its development going against the goverment ' original intention, is that state - owned investment company has n ' t been properly regulated by relative laws since it came into two respects : first, in relative laws remaining in effect, some provisions are out of date and ca n ' t be relied on in new situation ; meanwhile, under the conditions of financial appropriate funds being canceled and political funds being delayed, the government ca n ' t issue new financing policy in time. all of these led state - owned investment company to a dilemma. second, other provisions are ambiguous just providing a few of capital managing ways, without specific regulations, and ca n ' t be carried out practically. so the state - owned investment company has to transfer to state holding company and state - owned assets management company

    第三、四章是本文的重點。作者通過對國有投資公司在我國發展的實際狀況,出導致國有投資公司在實際運作中異化發展的根本原因是最初未從立法上對其進行定位:一方現為立法滯后,無法可依,在財政撥款取消和政策性基金不到位的情況下,對于融資渠道沒有新的政策出臺,致使國有投資公司陷入「斷資」困境;另一方現為規范不明,規定了參股、控股和股權轉讓等資本運作方式,而對股權轉讓和階段性持股問題卻規范不明,致使國有投資公司不得不向國家控股公司和國有資產經營公司方向發展。
  12. In this part, the author mainly discusses the following question : 1, points out the relevant market is determined by two main parameters - - products and geographic area. in some cases the time period may also be relevant ; 2, substitutability has to be judged not only from the standpoint of buyers of the product, but also from that of suppliers ; 3, market share is always an important factor in assessing dominance. ; 4, class ificates abuse and the various kinds of abuse

    這部分從濫用市場支配地位的構成要件入手,主要探討了以下幾個方的內容: 1 、劃分了相關市場的類型,出相關市場可以分為相關產品市場、相關地域市場和時間市場; 2 、提出對產品的替代性的判斷不應從需方替代性,而且還應當從供方替代性來判斷才夠完善; 3 、提出把企業的市場份額作為判斷企業是否具有市場支配地位的最重要的標準; 4 、區分了濫用的幾種類型及其在實踐中的各種現形式
  13. Due to the importance of earnings index in evaluating the managing achievements and gaining ability, some listed companies often manipulate earnings index. for example, the managers color financial reporting in order to enhance issuing price before coming into the market ; the managers manipulate earnings management to obtain share allotment qualification or avoid being deficit in three years ; on the side, the managers tend to manipulate earnings for their interests. the measures and methods of earnings manipulation in public companies are more and more, for example, affirming earnings in advance, altering means of accounting operation, the recombining of assets, related deals. the financing data of earnings reporting cannot reflect the truth, which cannot forecast things in the future. without good quality, the earnings losses reference value. the low quality of earnings will mislead investors and bring them serious lose

    因此,本文認為我們在進行企業的盈利能力評價時,不能單一地考察會計盈餘數據,還要深入研究會計盈餘的質量問題。因為雖然會計盈餘標可以反映企業收益的總體水平,但由於它不能反映其具體內容構成與形成過程,也就無法揭示它的內在質量。比如,對一個收益質量很差,但卻有較高收益總量的企業來說,如果投資者考察其利潤總額數,而忽視了其利潤總額的構成,往往就會被假象所迷惑,從而誤認為該企業的經營業績較高;但從收益質量上對該企業
  14. This paper takes the example for hulunbeier league, uses qualitative and quantitative methods, probes the following problems : estimation and disposal on investment cost and running expenses of grassland construction investment project estimation of project earnings principles of project borrowings and appliances of financial appraisal indexes and financial statements. based on the above research, conclusions are as following : if previous project period is longer than that of milti - year increment herbage, fixed investment must be considered which is resulted from renewed herbage when cost is estimated ; changes of period of operating cost resulted from renewed herbage and output changes must be considered when cost being estimated ; periodical output changes of herbage not only lead to cost changes, but also changes in project incremental income and relative cost indirectly ; devising suitable project borrowings is beneficial to favorable implementation on every project ; aiming for the characters of grassland construction investment project, selecting practicable financial appraisal statements and financial indexes can make calculating of financial beneficial of grassland construction project scientifically

    本文的研究主要以呼倫貝爾盟草地建設項目為例,基於案例進行定量和比較分析,探討草地建設項目在投資成本和營運成本的估價和處理、項目收益的估價、項目籌資方案的確定原則和項目財務評價標與評價報應用方的特殊問題,得出如下結論:必須在成本估價時考慮牧草的更新所導致的固定投資;在進行成本估價時必須考慮由於牧草的更新和產出變化所導致的經營成本周期性的不同;多年生牧草在產出上的周期性變化不會導致成本上發生變化,也會導致項目新增收入的變化和與收入相關的成本間接發生變化;設計合情合理的籌資方案,有利於保證項目中的每一個子項目順利執行;針對草地建設投資項目的特點,選擇適用的財務評價報和財務評價標才能更科學地測算草地建設項目的財務效益。
  15. Such is the intensity of the holy war between screwcap and natural cork factions that, as taber chronicles, it precipitated the resignation this year of the british wine trade weekly ' s editor, has led to absurd claims that the rise of screwcaps was a threat to iberian eagles, which nest in cork forests, and has even provoked an intervention from prince charles arguing the case for natural corks on environmental grounds, although the prince, as taber points out, “ may never personally have pulled a cork in his life ”

    金屬螺紋瓶蓋與天然軟木塞之間的戰爭頗為激烈,正如坦納的記載所顯示,這不促使今年某家英國葡萄酒貿易周刊的主編辭職,還導致民間流傳一些荒謬的說法,螺紋瓶蓋的發展對棲息在軟木森林的伊比利亞鷹構成威脅,甚至還有查爾斯王子出干預,示出於環保理由提倡使用天然軟木塞,不過正如坦納出的那樣,查爾斯王子「一生中可能從來沒有親自拔過軟木塞」 。
  16. It ' s inclined to the plaintiff or the defendant ? this text regards development of the american - european product liability law as the basis, attempt to use the menthods, such as, analytic approach of value, historical analytic approach, the case kw and comparative law, etc. analysing and probing into its theoretical foundation and value orientation, we should not only adhere to the modification of concrete clause, nor imitate foreign blindly, but really understand its marrow, guide the practise of legislation and justice of our country. develop and perfect the product liability law of our country further, hold the equalization points of justice and efficiency, rights and function correctly

    透過法律條文的去探求制度深層的必然性和內在的基本使命,本文以歐美產品責任法的發展為依據,試圖運用價值分析法、歷史分析法、判例法和比較法等方法,分析探討產品責任制度的理論基礎和具體內容,尤其是制度立足其上的理論基礎和價值取向,這樣才能站在理性的高度從宏觀去把握,以一種開放的姿態去對現實的挑戰,而不是拘泥於對具體條文的修改,也不是盲目的照般國外的,真正領會歐美產品責任制度的精髓,並以此來導我國的立法和司法實踐,進一步發展和完善我國的產品責任法,正確把握公平與效率、權利和功用的平衡點。
  17. Friday ' s advance brought fresh highs for several market indexes, indicating that the advance was more broad - based than simply a strong showing by the dow industrials

    星期五的增長報告也給其它幾項股帶來新高,明這次股市上揚是全的,不現在道瓊斯工業的強勁勢頭上。
  18. Apart from the parts of introduction and conclusion, this paper has another four chapters. chapter 2 discusses the essentials of reading, the definitions of reading existing in the minds of different people, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, thus the author select one definition which is appropriate to this thesis : reading is a psychological process of acquiring information from the written language. it involves thinking with regard to the understanding of what one reads, not only the surface meaning of words and sentences, but also the implied meaning and the relationships between sentences in the context

    本文除導言和結論外,共分四章:第一章論述了閱讀的基本概念,首先從不同的人對閱讀概念的認識入手,簡單列舉人們頭腦中幾種常見的關于閱讀的概念,分析其優缺點,進而肯定一種適合本文的概念,即:閱讀是一種從書言語中獲得意義的心理過程,它涉及一個人對所讀材料的理解,不對詞句層意思的理解,還對句子的深層含義及在該語境中句子間的關系。
  19. The employee ' s perspective on e - o relationship reflects what the individual employee believe that the organization has promised or is in someway obligated to provide him / her and, in return, what the individual employee is obligated to do for the organization ; the organization ' s perspective on e - o relationship means the employing organization determines what it is willing to input in individuals in specific jobs and what contributions to the organizations it expects in return for those inputs

    其中員工的貢獻是員工整體的現,比如顧客滿意程度、市場份額的變化、員工之間的相互合作等;組織的投入不限於財務方,還包括社會報酬方。迄今為止,對這種交換關系的研究主要從兩個視角進行:一、從員工個體角度,即描述員工對組織和自己之間的交換關系的主觀信念。
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