共變推理 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gòngbiàntuīlǐ]
共變推理
英文
covariation inferences-
Water pollution administration has been a cosmopolitan question, and at the same time the western countries have acquired a lot of success and experiences in water pollution administration. so we must change the thinking way, analyze hesperian experience and use for reference, when our country are facing with the serious problem in water pollution administration, so that we can advance chinese water pollution administration system reform
水污染治理問題已是一個全球性的公共問題，同時西方國家在水污染的治理方面已取得了較大的成功，積累了許多寶貴的經驗，因此在我國水污染治理仍面臨艱難問題的今天，必須轉變思路，運用理論知識對西方國家的經驗進行分析、加以借鑒，推進中國水污染治理體系的改革。The full text is made up of four parts : part one ( first chapter, second chapter ) imprimis, analyzed the reasons about the rate of state - owned business indebtedness to increase in our country. ( a ) the reform of finance - pass - loan since the 80s interim keep the close correlation with the rate of state - owned business indebtedness to increase, that the reform of state - owned corporation finance method since the 80s interim is obviously and first in the reform of the state - owned business system, under the hypothesis that the state - owned business system and its management mechanism < wp = 10 > were without the material alterations, took the lead in facilitating the capital - management mode ' s reform, and therefore kindled a series of problems
全文共分四個部分：第一部分（第一章、第二章）首先，分析了我國國有企業負債率攀升得原因。 （一）國有企業負債率攀升與８ ０年代中期以來撥改貸改革緊密相關，國有企業資金管理方式的改革明顯先於國有企業制度的改革，在國有企業制度及其經營機制沒有實質性改變的前提下，率先推進了資金管理方式的改革，由此引發了一系列問題。這只是國有企業負債率攀升的表面原因。A new waveguide made of changing a wide wall of a rectangular waveguide to a uniform curved wall is called conformal waveguide. a kind of expression of approximate solution for domain mode of the new waveguide, including symmetric, unsymmetric arc, parabolic arch, hyperbolic arch, elliptic arch, etc., is constructed by using boundary condition of mental waveguide, variational method and boundary element method. by using the equivalence principle, an approximate calculating formula for equivalent resonant conductance of a narrow longitudinal halfwavelength slot cut in the curved wall of the unsymmetric arcrectangular waveguide is derived, and the result is shown. although this solution is approximate, it can solve the problem in designing the slotted antenna of such conformal waveguide
把矩形波導一個寬面外突成均勻曲面構成的新波導統稱為共形波導.利用金屬波導邊界條件、變分法、邊界元素法構造這種新波導中主模場的一種近似解表達式，包括曲面橫截線為對稱、非對稱圓弧，拋物線弧，雙曲線弧，橢圓弧等.然後根據等效原理，推導非對稱圓弧矩形波導曲面上窄的縱向半波長縫隙的等效諧振電導的近似計算公式，給出計算曲線.這種解雖然是近似的，但卻能解決這類共形波導縫隙天線的工程設計The existed material fatigue performance test curves are dealt with and analyzed, and the non - dimensional stress - strain curve, tangent modulus factor curve and fatigue life curve are drawn based on the experiment data, and these three non - dimensional parameter curves are used to find the inherent rules that the test curves can be replaced each other to some extent. it can be concluded that if the common character and system error of these materials are found, the test curve of a certain material can be used for reference by another material. this is a simple approach about fatigue life estimate and is engineering practical
對已有的材料力學疲勞性能試驗曲線進行分析整理，利用試驗數據繪制了相對應力應變曲線、切線模量因子曲線和疲勞壽命曲線，利用這三種無量綱參數曲線發現了其中存在的規律性，即在某種程度上實驗曲線可以互相取代，並用試驗數據對此進行了討論，並由此推斷，如果找出材料彼此的共性或彼此之間的系統誤差就可以將一種材料的試驗曲線供其它材料參考使用，這是一種估算材料的疲勞壽命的簡便方法，對工程而言具有實用性。According to the working modes of mr devices, combining the ohm ' s law of magnetic circuit and the design theory of non - steady magnetic circuit, magnetic structures of the automotive damper have been worked out. to emulate the performance of conventional shock absorber, two automotive mr dampers were designed and fabricated at chongqing university. an applied magnetic field increase the yield stress of mr fluids in flow annular passages, which alters the velocity profile of mr fluid in the passages and raise the pressure gradient between low cavity and high one at some given flow rates
根據磁流變阻尼器工作模式，利用磁路中的歐姆定律和動態磁路設計原理，結合汽車懸架的技術要求和結構特點，提出了基於剪切模式和流動模式共同作用（混合工作模式）的汽車磁流變阻尼器設計原理，討論了阻尼器動態磁路設計中的若干技術問題；根據流體力學navier - stokes方程，分別利用newton流體特性和bingham流體特性，推導了基於平板模型和軸對稱模型的流變學方程，得出了阻尼器阻尼力的計算方法。Secondly, the relationship between traditional public administration and managerialism. thirdly, the over - managerialism in the reformation of the new public management
推進政府改革需要重新明確方向，改變管理主義在公共行政中的主導地位。This thesis aims to carry out a profound study on the " government interference complex " in the ethnic regions from the pointview of executive philosophy. it tries to expose the complex ' s theoretical origin - misunderstanding on " economy determinism " and insistence on " straight development of history " ; its empirical origin - modernization effect ; practical motive - desire for synchronization and the promotion function given by the mainstream management ideas to the " complex ". based on these, the thesis reveals the realistic characteristics of " government interference " : firstly, it examines whether ethnic regions get some progress under the guidance of " straight development of history " ; secondly, government interference brings about the destruction and change in the fields of natural ecology, cultural ecology and ethics as well ; finally, government interference leads to the systematic lies and will involve the ethnic regions in the sequela caused by the interference
）對民族地區行政「政府干預情結」進行深度研究，試圖通過民族地區行政「政府干預情結」問題中隱含的邏輯線索，揭示民族地區行政「政府干預」理論起點：對經濟決定論的曲解、對歷史發展單線論的真理化，揭示民族地區行政「政府干預」經驗起點：后發現代化效應，揭示民族地區行政「政府干預」實踐動力： 「共時性」訴求，以及政府主流管理思想對民族地區行政「政府干預」的推動作用；在此基礎上，進而梳理出民族地區「政府干預情結」多方面的現實表徵：一方面，在單線歷史進化論考察下的民族地區進步；在另一方面，政府干預帶來了民族地區自然生態觀的沖擊與毀滅、文化生態的濫用與消亡、民族地區倫理道德的流失與嬗變、民族心理的依賴與失衡，再一方面，政府干預帶來民族地區的制度性說謊，並讓民族地區陷入了邏輯的怪圈：政府干預「政府干預后遺癥」 。Recommendations include : ( 1 ) surveillance should be the priority for any national research agenda for psychosocial risk management ; ( 2 ) stakeholders should cooperate with international systems operators to work towards the development of " state of the art " systems ; ( 3 ) issues for priority inclusion in surveillance systems are emotional demands / emotional labour, workplace bullying, harassment, and violence, exposure to acute stressors, organizational justice, the occurrence and impact of global organizational change, and positive psychological states ; ( 4 ) systems should be flexible to identify and assess emerging risk factors / groups ; and ( 5 ) an international surveillance system should be implemented
推薦他的優點包括: （ 1 ）監督會優先考慮任何國家心理社會風險管理研究議程; （ 2 ）利益相關者必須和國際的系統操作者合作朝向"藝術級"系統發展; （ 3 ）監視系統優先提共的議題包含情緒的要求情緒性勞動、職場威脅、困擾和暴力，暴露于急性緊張性刺激、組織的正義、發生和全球組織改變相關的沖擊、和心理狀態呈現陽性反應; （ 4 ）系統必須有彈性識別並且估計初始的風險因子組織以及（ 5 ）國家監視系統應該被推行。( 6 ) conclusion was obtained by the analyzing the mechanics environment and the stability of the lanslide on the right bank after the dam built : the value of the rock mass stress increased and the tensile stress region obviously reduced, the direction of the principal stress was unchangeable the dam and the landslide were stable under the dangerous condition ( the reservoir and at the same time the earthquake was viii ), but when the water lever suddenly fell and did not think of other force, safe factor evidently reduced, the dam and the landslide will be destroyed under the most dangerous condition ( the water lever suddenly fell and at the same time the earthquake was vi ) ; the stability of the landslide will be destroyed by the horizontal thrust under the most dangerous condition or ; the physical and mechanical parameter will be reduced due to long period filter, the landslide will be destroyed too
（ 6 ）建壩工程荷載條件下河谷巖體力學環境分析及右岸古滑坡體的穩定問題分析得出：建壩后河谷的巖體應力量值明顯增高，同時左岸的張應力區的范圍及量值明顯減小，主應力的方向依然與模型的底邊界垂直；大壩建成后逐漸蓄水階段以及同時考慮本區最強地震力的作用等各種不同的工況條件時，滑坡體及壩體總體上仍處于穩定狀態；水位驟降時，在未考慮其他外力作用的情況時，滑體的安全系數將顯著降低。若考慮水位驟降及本區最大地震力的共同作用，壩體將在滑坡體下滑推力的作用下產生破壞；建壩后水平推力對右岸古滑坡體穩定性的影響分析可以看出，在最危險的工況條件下，壩體及滑坡體也將處于臨界狀態；在長期滲透變形的作用下，由於滑帶的物理力學參數的降低而有可能導致壩體失穩破壞。From the aspect of geometry, structure design, manufacture and examine, this paper generally summarizes the gcm ' s study progress in detail, discusses its kinetic rule and the determination of its primary structure parameter, and educes its surface equation and pressure angle equation based on the homogeneous matrix transformation and the conjugate engagement theory of spatial surface. on the basis of geometry study of gcm, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis to the interference phenomenon that will possible exist in the assemble course of two different structure of gcm with the help of matlab software
本文從運動幾何學、結構設計、動力學、製造和檢測等方面對國內外弧面凸輪機構的研究進展進行了全面綜述，詳細論述了高速凸輪機構的運動規律和弧面凸輪機構基本尺寸的確定，基於空間曲面共軛嚙合原理，通過齊次變換推導了外弧面凸輪的曲面方程和壓力角方程，並提出了對應的廓面修形演算法；提出了內弧面凸輪機構的構想，推導了內弧面凸輪的曲面方程和壓力角方程。The thesis has done the widespread investigation and study to the domestic and foreign ’ s technologies of analogy low voltage and low power, and analyzes the principles of work, merts and shortcomings of these technologies, based on the absorption of these technologies, it designs a 1. 5v low power rail - to - rail cmos operational amplifier. when designing input stage, in order to enable the input common mode voltage range to achieve rail - to - rail, it does not use the traditional differential input pair, but use the nmos tube and the pmos tube parallel supplementary differential input pair to the structure, and uses the proportional current mirror technology to realize the constant transconductance of input stage. in the middle gain stage design, the current mirror load does not use the traditional standard cascode structure, but uses the low voltage, wide - swing casecode structure which is suitable to work in low voltage. when designing output stage, in order to enhance the efficiency, it uses the push - pull common source stage amplifier as the output stage, the output voltage swing basically reached rail - to - rail. the thesis changes the design of the traditional normal source based on the operational amplifier, uses the differential amplifier with current mirror load to design a normal current source. the normal current source provides the stable bias current and the bias voltage to the operational amplifier, so the stability of operational amplifier is guaranteed. the thesis uses the miller compensate technology with a adjusting zero resistance to compensate the operational amplifier
本論文對國內外的模擬低電壓低功耗技術做了廣泛的調查研究，分析了這些技術的工作原理和優缺點，在吸收這些技術成果基礎上設計了一個1 . 5v低功耗軌至軌cmos運算放大器。在設計輸入級時，為了使輸入共模電壓范圍達到軌至軌，不是採用傳統的差動輸入結構，而是採用了nmos管和pmos管並聯的互補差動輸入對結構，並採用成比例的電流鏡技術實現了輸入級跨導的恆定;在中間增益級設計中，電流鏡負載並不是採用傳統的標準共源共柵結構，而是採用了適合在低壓工作的低壓寬擺幅共源共柵結構;在輸出級設計時，為了提高效率，採用了推挽共源級放大器作為輸出級，輸出電壓擺幅基本上達到了軌至軌;本論文改變傳統基準源基於運放的設計，採用了帶電流鏡負載的差分放大器設計了一個基準電流源，給運放提供穩定的偏置電流和偏置電壓，保證了運放的穩定性;並採用了帶調零電阻的密勒補償技術對運放進行頻率補償。This paper, in allusion to damage of expansion joint of bridge, introduces a sort of new structure of jointless device - semi - integral abutment jointless bridge, and establishes model of general structure finite element of this bridge, and in details analyses its qualities of stress. the model considers the interaction of superstructure - substructure - soil. resistance of the soil behind abutment adopts still soil pressure and elastic resistance when the temperature rising, but active soil pressure when dropping. analysis of qualities stress of bridge includes of action of dead load, car load, temperature load of season character. taking an 100m length pc semi - integral abutment jointless bridge as instance, the paper establishes the model of plane frame by applying large common software - anasys, and analyses it by elastane and large deformation to imitate character of stress and deformation of general bridge. at the same time corresponding models of finite element of joint bridge and integral abutment bridge are established, and unique stress and performance of structure of semi - integral abutment jointless bridge are researched by comparing and analysing character of three different models under same loading, and controlling factor of design and constitution are generalized. in conclusion, for semi - integral abutment jointless bridge, on one hand shear, moment and deflection of the main beam and axis force of substructure are approximate with that of joint bridge, and integral stifmess of structure is increased and damage of expansion joint is eliminated, on the other hand there is axis force in main beam, shear and moment of substructure are bigger than that of joint bridge. in all this type of jointless bridge has rational stress and is worth of application and popularization
半整體式橋臺無縫橋梁計算模型考慮了上部結構-下部結構-土的共同作用；臺後土抗力升溫時採用靜止土壓力加彈性土抗力，降溫時採用主動土壓力；分析橋梁受力性能時考慮了結構自重、車輛荷載和季節性溫變荷載的作用。以一座橋長100mpc半整體式橋臺無縫橋梁為實例，採用大型通用軟體ansys建立平面框架模型，進行彈性、大變形分析，模擬全橋受力和變形特點；同時建立與此對應的有伸縮縫橋梁和整體式橋臺無縫橋梁有限元模型，通過三種橋型同步加載對比分析，研究半整體式橋臺無縫橋梁獨特的受力特點和結構性能，總結其設計控制因素和構造要求。通過本文研究知：半整體式橋臺無縫橋梁主梁的剪力、彎矩、撓度和下部結構的軸力與梁式橋相近，結構整體剛度增大，併除去了伸縮縫病害；但主梁增加了軸力，下部結構剪力、彎矩較梁式橋大；綜合分析是一種受力合理有實踐和推廣價值的橋型。The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level
文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。The fast development of it and its abroad application in enterprise ’ s management has changed the state of enterprise ’ s management making the enterprise ’ s information management from being based on the single computer to being based on the network. it ultimately enforces the intercommunion of the work group members, share resource, scientific compute, technology cooperation and effective management, improving the level of production, prosecution, management and scientific research
It技術的迅速發展及其在企業管理中應用的普及，改變了整個企業管理的面貌，使企業的信息管理從以單個計算機為中心發展到以網路為中心，從根本上加強並促進了群體工作成員之間的信息交流、資源共享、科學計算、技術合作及有效管理等，進而推動了生產、經營、管理及科研事業的發展。According to development of inland and abroad, a new measurement method has been put forward that make use of the periodic characteristic of the phase difference between two arbitrary frequency signals. in the light of lissajous graph, we complete comparison of radio frequency and microwave with 105 rates relationship in technique. on the ground of common characteristic of frequency signals, this method can be developed to comparison of microwave frequency and optical frequency to accomplish optical frequency measurement
根據國內外的情況，提出一種新的測量方法：即利用任意頻率信號之間都存在著相互相位差周期性變化的現象，根據李沙育圖形的原理，在技術上完成了射頻到微波信號之間成10 ~ 5頻率關系的比對，再根據頻率信號的共性，將此方法推廣到微波到光頻信號之間的比對，以完成對光頻的測量。The effective optimization design programs for different cases are developed by integrating the following several aspects which involves the flow analysis, adjoint equation solution, gradient solution, optimal arithmetic and grid generation. some practical design tests for airfoil and wing show that the continuous adjoint approach is very effective and useful method for aerodynamic optimization design. at the same time, we have done the research of aerodynamic optimum design for airfoils by using navier - stokes equations
（ 4 ）研究了基於控制理論和三維navier一stokes方程的優化設計理論，在計算坐標下詳細推導了該優化設計理論，得到了計算坐標系下描述的共扼方程數學描述形式，並以給定目標壓力分佈的氣動反設計為例，導出了相應的共扼方程邊界條件，以及關鍵的梯度求解具體表達形式，為了求解方便，把計算空間上描述共扼方程表達形式變換到物理空間中進行描述，通過與ns方程表達形式對比分析，最終給出了一種直觀的共轆方程表達方式。There are many aspects of business that require effective management such as, human resources management, marketing management, sales management, operations management, customer relationship management, change management, asset management, knowledge management, project management, inventory management, organizational management, supply chain management, total quality management, risk management, brand management, business process management, logistics management, customer service management, research and development management, distribution management, public relations management and many others
很多企業的范疇都需要有效的管理例如人力資源管理、市場推廣管理、營銷管理、運作管理、顧客關系管理、變革管理、資產管理、知識管理、項目管理、存貨管理、組織管理、供應鏈管理、全面品質管理、風險管理、品牌管理、業務流程管理、物流管理、研究與發展管理、招商加盟、公共關系管理及許多其它方面等。Higher education should train the innovatory spirit and ability of individuals and organizations with the wisdom of collectivity to push knowledge sharing through setting up knowledge plat, building and perfecting knowledge management system
高校通過構建知識平臺，建立健全知識管理制度，推動知識共享，運用集體的智慧來培養師生個人和組織的創新精神和應變能力。All sorts of factors force the various countries " government positively to seek the way of strengthen the public expenditure management. while " new public management " movement rising, the western countries generally started the new turn of public budget management reform. its model performance is the achievements budget widespread promoted in
從上世紀末開始，隨著「新公共管理」運動的興起，西方國家普遍開始了新一輪的公共預算管理改革，其典型的表現是績效預算在各國的廣泛推廣，作為一種正在發展中的預算管理理念，在實踐中主要通過以政府績效為導向的預算管理模式表現出來，它的運用是整個政府公共管理領域的重要變革。Regarding the skills knowledge development, financial management, risk and change management, business management, research and evaluation, and public relations, i hope the council would play a more active role in organizing training workshops, developing performance indicators and outcome measurements, promoting good practices among ngos as well as strengthening collaboration with academics
至於技術的開發、財務管理、危機及轉變管理、企業管理、研究及評估，和公共關系等方面，我希望社聯能扮演較積極的角色，如為非政府福利服務機構籌辦工作坊、發展服務表現指標及成果量度指標、推廣良好工作手法，以及加強與學術界的合作。分享友人