函數的內積 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [hánshǔdenèijī]
函數的內積 英文
inner product of functions
  • 函 : 名詞1. [書面語] （匣; 封套） case; envelope 2. （信件） letter 3. （姓氏） a surname
  • 數 : 數副詞（屢次） frequently; repeatedly
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 內 : 名詞1. （內部; 里頭; 里邊） inner; inside; within 2. （妻子或妻子的親屬） one's wife or her relatives 3. （姓氏） a surname
  • 積 : Ⅰ動詞（積累） amass; store up; accumulate Ⅱ形容詞（長時間積累下來的） long standing; long pending...
  • 函數 : [數學] function函數計算機 function computer; 函數計算器 function calculator; 函數運算 functional operation
  1. The influence of the cloud droplet spectrum character and the spectrum growth and change is considered, which does not use a cut - off value for conversion from cloud water into rain water process. in the continuous coalescence equation, the particles fall velocity difference is not moved out from the integral, but is integrated in the equation as the function of diameter d to avoid the error of using particles average fall velocity. in the new scheme, generation rate of graupel due to the collection of snow by graupel and the collection of cloud ice by graupel are included

    雲中凝結核ccn的數濃度採用超幾何函數表示；雲水向雨水的自動轉換過程採用grabowski （ 1999 ）的公式，考慮了雲滴譜的特徵和發展變化對該過程的影響，而不是採用原方案給定閾值的方法描述該過程；對連續碰並方程不再將粒子落速差作為常量提出積分號外，而是直接作為粒子直徑函數在積分號內求解，這樣處理可以迴避使用粒子群的平均落速帶來的誤差；增加了霰和雪、霰和冰晶的碰並微物理過程。
  2. Abstract : by both the external combination of deck coefficient and designed water - line coefficient ? and the in - ternal combination of deck transformation and cross - section area curve transformation ? a new ship line is generated on the condition that cross - section area is the same as the basic ship and designed water line satisfies the need. this method needs not look for any transformation function to finish the change of cross - section area curve. it is a profitable development to the traditional lackenby method

    文摘:本文通過甲板面面積系數和設計水線面面積系數的外層疊代、甲板面變換和橫剖面面積曲線變換的自身內層疊代，在保持橫剖面面積曲線不變的條件下，獲得滿足設計水線面系數變化要求的新船型，而不必尋找橫剖面線的變換函數來實現設計水線面的變換，本方法是對傳統的母型船變換的一個有益補充。
  3. In the terms of interpolation, the image reconstructed from nearest interpolation or linear interpolation has good edge but serious noise ; reconstruction from 4 * 4cubic interpolation or three b - spline or three - order lagrange interpolations has better local character. 2 x 2cubic interpolations which has both better edge and local character is the ideal interpolation, the following is the basic principle during reconstruction : ( 1 ) the more width of interpolation, the more number of summation and the more order of interpolation polynomial, the higher of density resolution ; ( 2 ) the more of interpolation polynomial and width of interpolation, the more of reconstruction time simultaneously, aimed at eliminating the effects of noise contained in projection data, in this paper, author analysis cause and effects of common artifacts. importantly, discusses convolution back - projection reconstruction algorithm with a shift axis of rotation has been derived for correcting images that acquired with a divergence axis of rotation using the fan beam geometry with an angle - equaled detector

    在ct圖像重建時，選擇有限帶寬窗有較好的空間解析度，三角形窗有較好的密度解析度，選擇餘弦窗則使得空間解析度與密度解析度的折衷；從窗函數的頻譜角度來講，可以用於圖像重建的一個良好的卷積窗函數應該具備以下條件： （ ? ）小的3db帶寬b ，即最小的主瓣寬度； （ ? ）最小的旁瓣最大峰值a ； （ ? ）最大的旁瓣峰值衰減速度d ；就內插函數而言，臨近點內插與線性內插重建圖像噪聲大，但有較好的邊緣與細節； 4 4三次內插、三次b -樣條與四次拉格朗日多項式內插圖像平滑，局部特性較好。
  4. From mathematical models for inverse scattering in two dimensional inho - mogenous media including variable impedance, all kinds of probable mixed variable impedance boundaries and cracks, from interior and exterior trans - mission problems and radiation condition, ill - posed integral equation and indicator function method are formulated for the diverse of boundary iden - tification. it is shown that the kernel of the integral equation characters the boundary of scatterer, which is determined by solving it by virtual of regularity method, meanwhile, some numerical tests are given. 3

    在二維非均勻介質逆散射邊界識別的數學模型（包括一般的非均勻介質，正交各向異性介質，變阻抗介質，各種可能的混合變阻抗邊界問題）下，由內透射問題和外透射問題以及輻射條件，推導了上述介質的邊界識別的積分方程和指示函數方法，由於積分方程的核充分表徵了散射物的邊界，由此說明只要利用正則化方法求解該積分方程，就可以確定散射物的邊界。
  5. So i take the theme the contribution of chinese human capital to economic growth. my paper is divided into six parts. first : part introduction search history of the effect of human capital on economic growth ; second : five econometric models that are currently used to study the effect of human capital on economic growth ; third : conceptions and division of human capital and economic growth ; fourth : the quantitative analysis of the contribution of human capital to economic growth ; fifth : measures to the sustained economic growth ; sixth : conclusions and tendency

    本論文分為六個部分：第一部分引言，闡述了選題背景、研究意義，人力資本對經濟增長的作用的理論研究綜述，研究內容與方法；第二部分目前研究人力資本對經濟增長的貢獻所使用的模型，包括柯布?道格拉斯生產函數、新古典增長模型、常數替代彈性生產函數模型、超越對數生產函數模型、普適生產函數等五個模型；第三部分人力資本和經濟增長的基本概念和人力資本投資的分類；第四部分人力資本對經濟增長貢獻的實證分析；第五部分注重人力資本積累促進經濟持續增長；第六部分結論與趨勢展望。
  6. 2 by analysis and calculation about test result of stress, strain, and temperature of mass concrete model, and the test curve of a temperature for actual engineering, and bring up temperature of in concrete to ascend and descend function to use three theories and two pieces express

    2通過對大體積混凝土試件的應力、應變與溫度及實際工程的溫度實測曲線的分析與計算，提出了混凝土內部的溫度升降函數分別用三段和兩段表達的理論。
  7. This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

    本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。
  8. The transient mathematical equations are addressed for the coupled heat and moisture transfer by taking account of moisture accumulation procedure. an analytical method by means of the transfer function is proposed to predict the transient distributions of temperature and moisture content at different interfaces in walls. a numerical analysis approach based on an efficient finite - difference method is developed to deal with the procedure of coupled heat and moisture transfer in a multilayer wall with nonlinear boundary conditions considered

    建立了考慮濕積累過程的瞬態熱濕耦合模型，在方程中引入了濕積累項；發展了一種傳遞函數解析方法進行墻體內不同剖面處溫度和含濕量的動態預測；首次提出了一種基於有效有限差分法預測非線性邊界條件下多層多孔結構內的傳熱傳濕過程的數值分析方法，求解過程中考慮了瞬態邊界條件，從而避免了通常處理中由於邊界條件設定為常數而給計算帶來的誤差，對于多層結構每一層物性參數的非連續性，則採用了有效的有限差分逼近處理。
  9. The dissertation refers to comparatively full literatures in the field of vsc, and the development history and characteristics of vsc are summarized, and the elementary concepts, elementary definitions, elementary properties, elementary principles and design methods are particularly introduced, and the causes of the chattering phenomenon are systematically analysed, and the study status of the chattering phenomenon and the main methods to eliminate the chattering are elaborated. for the deficiencies of traditionary methods, three improved methods are developed, which are improved exponent reaching law solution, variable boundary layer solution and the solution by adding an auxiliary continuous control term. for uncertain linear systems, an adaptive fuzzy integral variable structure control stategy ( afivsc ) is put forward to eliminate the chattering around the sliding plane, which introduces fuzzy logic to soften the non - linear discontinuous sig nal in the control variable and utilizes adaptive theory to adjust output membership function according to how much the uncertainty of the system is

    比較全面地查閱了關于變結構控制理論的文獻，總結了滑模變結構控制的發展歷史和特點，詳細介紹了變結構控制的基本概念、基本定義、基本性質、基本原理以及設計方法；系統分析了變結構控制系統抖振產生的機理，並闡述了國內外目前對抖振問題的研究現狀以及消除抖振的主要方法；針對傳統抑制和消除抖振方法的不足，改進了傳統方法，得到了三種新的消除抖振的方法? ?即改進的指數趨近律法、可變邊界層法和附加連續項法；針對不確定性線性系統，在變結構控制策略中引入模糊邏輯和自適應理論來消除滑動平面上的抖振，提出了一種自適應模糊積分變結構控制方案（ afivsc ） ，利用模糊邏輯來柔化控制量中非線性不連續部分，採用自適應理論，根據系統不確定性大小在線調整模糊輸出量的隸屬函數，另外，鑒于模糊控制本質上是有靜差的，所以本文選擇了帶積分項的切換函數，由於積分項的存在使系統較正為無靜差系統。
  10. Based on the unified recursive formula, the four algorithms included in this study are the central difference method, the newrnark ' s method, z - transform method, and duhamel ' s step integral method. the accuracy, the phase and other existent problem are studied in this paper. it is proved in this paper that the recursive parameters b1and b2are relate to the poles of theoretical transfer function

    分析中可以發現，中心差分方法， newmark中點加速度方法、 z變換方法及duhamel逐步積分法在精度范圍內其計算相位是沒有畸變的，中國地震局工程力學研究所頃土學位論文一但是中心差分方法， newmark中點加速度方法隨著采樣間隔及系統自振頻率的增大，系統的固有自振周期被改變，其傳遞函數的共振區域與理論傳遞函數的共振區域會發生分離。
  11. The loading effects of the atmosphere are the sum of the direct effect, which comes from its newtonian attraction to any point on the surface or within the interior of the earth, and the indirect effects, which is induced by the earth ' s deformation and additional gravitational potential arising from redistribution of the mass because it can be regarded as the surface loads. they are traditionally expressed as the convolution integration of the atmospheric green ' s function, which is virtually the sum of the elastic and gravitational green ' s functions, and the measured values of the barometric pressure on the earth ' s surface over the globe

    隨著現代大地測量技術和數據分析手段的日益提高，大氣對各類物理場地表觀測的負荷影響必須予以考慮，大氣的負荷效應為直接效應（大氣對地球表面及內部點產生直接吸引）和間接效應（大氣作為表面負荷作用於地球，導致地球的彈性形變和內部質量的重新分佈，產生附加位）之和，習慣上表示為大氣格林函數（彈性項和直接引力項格林函數之和）和地表氣壓觀測值的全球褶積積分
  12. The paper is concerned with periodic solutions to nonautonomous second order hamilton systems where, m : [ 0, t ] - s ( rn, rn ) is a continuous mapping in the space s ( rn, rn ) of symmetric real ( n x n ) - matrices, such that for some u > 0 and all ( t, z ) [ 0, t ] x rn, ( m ( t ) x, x ) > u | x | 2. a s ( rn, rn ), f : [ 0, t ] x rn r is continuous and f : [ 0, t ] xr r exists, is continuous and we study the existence of periodic solutions of the systems by using ekeland variational principle and the saddle points theorem. we suppose that the nonlinearity vf and potential f belongs to a class of unbounded functional. our work improves the existed results. we obtained the results of multiplicity of periodic solutions of the systems by using lusternik - schnirelman category theory and the generalized saddle points theorem, and the functional does not need the condition of constant definite. at last, we obtained the existence of infinity many distinct periodic solutions of the corresponding non - perturbation systems by using the symmetric mountain pass theorem

    （ ? ， ? ）為r ~ n中內積， | ? |為對應范數。 f [ 0 ， t ] r ~ n r連續， ? f （ t ， x ）存在且連續， h l ~ 1 （ 0 ， t ； r ~ n ） 。利用ekeland變分原理和鞍點定理討論了該系統周期解的存在性，把非線性項和位勢函數放寬到一類無界函數，推廣了這方面工作的一些已有結果；利用廣義鞍點定理和lusternik - schnirelman疇數理論得到了該系統的多重周期解，取掉了泛函的常定要求；最後利用對稱山路定理得到沒有擾動時系統的無窮多周期解。
  13. A nonlinear numerical model for wave transformation is established in time domain based on integral equation transformed from two dimensional laplace equation. then the model is applied to compute the linear wave and nonlinear wave deformation in offshore flow field. a new 0 - 1 combined bem ( boundary element method ) is adopted in this thesis to avoid computational errors accumulated with time steps

    本文以波動勢函數的laplace方程的green積分轉換得到的邊界積分方程為基本控制方程，建立了一種新的時域內波浪變形計算的數值模型，籍此對非線性波浪在結構物周圍的波浪形態進行了數值模擬，並通過數值造波水槽內的波浪試驗對數值模擬結果進行檢驗。
  14. We detailed toeplitz operator with unomodular symbol, and generated the theorem proved by michael sand in [ 2 ] from h to h + c ( t ). in the second part of this paper, the author discussed simply when multipliction of two toeplitz operators with symbol in h + c ( t ) or in l. we got two conclusions by analyzing symbol of toeplitz operators. the last, we investigated whether multiplication of two toeplitz operators, which range included all non - cyclic vectors of backward shift, is surjective, and partly answered the question about surjective toeplitz algebra posed by michael sand in [ 2 ]

    對于單個的toeplitz運算元，考慮其符號的內外分解，得到了它的滿射只與其幺模部分有關的結論，詳細地討論了符號為幺摸函數的toeplitz運算元的各種情況，在討論符號在h ~的特殊情形時，推廣michaelsand [ 2 ]中的定理2到h ~ + c （ t ） ，第二部分簡單地討論了符號在h ~ + c （ t ）以及l ~中的兩個toeplitz運算元的乘積的滿射情況，先對toeplitz運算元的符號進行分析得到兩個結論，最後考察了toeplitz運算元的乘積的值域包含后移運算元的所有非循環向量的滿射情況，部分地回答了michaelsand在[ 2 ]中提出的toeplitz代數滿射問題。
  15. In this paper, the author attempts to discuss two main problems of convolution back projection algorithm basing on fan - beam scanning

    本文主要探討了卷積反投影演算法的兩個核心問題：卷積窗函數與內插函數。
  16. Based on the scalar diffraction theory and the boundary condition of rayleigh - sommerfeld, the accurate on - axis propagating wave function of plane wave diffracted by small circular band is obtained by solving the first integral of rayleigh - sommerfeld

    摘要從標量衍射理論出發，採用瑞利索末菲衍射邊界條件，通過求解第一類瑞利索末菲衍射積分得到平面波經圓環衍射后軸上的波函數，進而分析軸上的光強特性以及光強極值數量、位置和大小與衍射圓環內外孔徑的關系。
  17. Lbie, based on the local boundary equation, adopts the traditional moving least squares ( mls ) approximation which depends on only the values of the nodes in the domain of the problem or along its boundary. the whole process of integration is carried on over a local domain or its local boundary centered at the node in question. the local boundary equation can be rewritten to represent the values of the unknown function at the point of interest, and the essential boundary conditions can be directly and easily enforced by using the green formula and the characters of the dirac function

    它以局部邊界積分方程為基礎，採用移動最小二乘近似函數，從而只需要分佈在問題域內及其邊界上的節點的信息值，無需劃分單元；整個積分是在以節點為中心的局部域及其邊界上實現，所以不需要背景積分網格；藉助于格林公式及dirac函數的性質，將局部邊界積分方程轉化為所考慮點的未知函數的邊界積分表達式，便於直接施加本質邊界條件。
  18. 2. using techniques of liapunov functions and inner products, we extend the approach and the results in part i and give criterion on the stability, asymptotic stability and exponential stability with respect to partial variables for time - varying nonlinear systems

    二、仍然使用上述方法再加上liapunov函數及內積等技巧，研究了非線性時變系統對部分變元的穩定性、漸近穩定性、指數穩定性，推廣了第一部分結果。
  19. E. d. m. whittaker and a. j. shields [ 3 ] calculated the states of the quantum - well negatively charged exciton x - in a perpendicular magnetic field with this method. the basis states they used are products of an axial ( z ) part, determined by the quantum well confinement, and an in plane ( r, 6 ) landau - level wave function

    D . m . whittaker和a . j . shields將量子阱中單電子波函數和平面內電子的朗道能級波函數的乘積作為基函數，作線性組合后構成帶負電激子的波函數。
  20. The inner product of the mapping value of the original data in feature space is replaced by a kernel function, and the weights of each neuron can be initialized and updated by initializing and updating the combinatorial coefficient vector of each weight in the algorithm of ksom, so some intuitive and simple iteration formulas are obtained

    該演算法以核函數代替原始數據在特徵空間中映射值的內積，並且神經元權值向量的初始化和更新都可由其組合系數向量表示，從而獲得了直觀而簡單的迭代公式。
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