各種債權人 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gèzhǒngzhàiquánrén]
各種債權人
英文
sundry creditors-
This article consists of five parts as following : mortgage of uncompleted building was originated from the common law and the law of hong kong, so the paper probes into its meaning - the transformation of the specific property right ; when the debtor fails to perform his duty, the creditor can obtain the title determinately ; the debtor enjoys the right of redeeming the collateral security through fulfilling his debt, the creditor has the obligation of returning the property at the same time. secondly, the author summaries its essential feature on the practice of the real estate mortgage hi the mainland of china - the target of the mortgage is a kind of expective interest ; the mortgage is a kind of guarantee which is settled through making over the interests in expectancy ; the risk of the mortgaged uncompleted building should be borne by the realty company instead of the mortgagor ; the phase of the mortgage ; mortgage is realized in a particular way. thirdly, on the basis of analyzing the legal nexus that is involved, the paper points out that the legal ne xus of the mortgage is just between the mortgagor and the mortgagee
樓花按揭作為一種擔保方式起源於英美法上的mortgage ，所以本文第一部分首先探討了mortgage在英美法上的含義：特定財產權利的轉移；在債務人不履行債務時，債權人可以確定地取得所有權；債務人享有通過履行債務而贖回擔保物的權利，同時債權人負有交還財產的義務。其次，就我國的樓花按揭實踐總結了其基本特徵：樓花按揭涉及兩個合同三方當事人；樓花按揭的標的是一種期待性利益；樓花按揭是通過轉讓物業權益而設定的一種擔保方式；預售樓花滅失的風險應有開發商承擔；樓花按揭的階段性；樓花按揭實現方式的特殊性。最後，分析了樓花按揭所牽涉的各個法律關系，認為真正的樓花按揭法律關系只是購房人與銀行之間的按揭貸款關系，按揭當事人只有購房人（按揭人）與銀行。Concern the provision of audit work station according to accounting method, if an accounting clerk manages debt already, provide check again, apparent and easy cheat, should give so prohibit ; the accountant record of an unit is custodial, it is the accountant such as budget of forms for reporting statistics of book of zhang of all sorts of prooves that point to this pair of units, accountant, accountant, financial plan, unit and important contract data, after be being collected regularly, examine a nucleus to be opposite, arrange stand roll, schedule, bound into book custodial, if allow a person to manage the debt of an unit already, keep again accountant record, made motion easily on debt apparently later the action that the opportunity of record of recycle government accountant covers him, give so prohibit : the registering job of items of an account of debt of the income of an unit, defray, charge, creditor ' s rights, the much that includes station of work of charge to an account but not be all ( for instance cash journal and bank come - and - go journal are not included ), this part charge to an account works, it is the foundation of business accounting of an unit accountant, also be the basis that produces cash come - and - go, also cannot hold part - time by cashier personnel, a person manages debt already, manage charge to an account again the basis that this produces debt come - and - go, very easy defalcate
根據會計法有關稽核工作崗位的規定，假如一個會計工作人員既管錢款，又管復核，顯然輕易作假，所以要予以禁止；一個單位的會計檔案保管，是指對本單位的各種憑證、會計賬簿、會計報表、財務計劃、單位預算和重要的合同等會計資料，定期收集后，審查核對，整理立卷，編制目錄、裝訂成冊的保管，假如答應一個人既治理一個單位的錢款，又保管會計檔案，顯然輕易在錢款上做了手腳之後再利用治理會計檔案的機會掩蓋自己的行為，所以予以禁止：一個單位的收入、支出、費用、債權債務賬目的登記工作，包括記賬工作崗位的大部分但不是全部（比如現金日記賬和銀行往來日記賬就不包括在內） ，這部分記賬工作，是一個單位會計核算的基礎，也是發生現金往來的根據，也不能由出納人員兼任，一個人既治理錢款，又治理記賬這一發生錢款往來的根據，很輕易監守自盜。As for the harmony in interests conflict with a third person in the ownership reservation trade the following cases often owner a sellers cession to a the seller cession to a third person ; a the buyers cession of its ownership or. expectation rights ; a third person violation of the object ; the requisition for prohibitory inhumation from the obliges of the parties ; e the in interest correspondence in all the parties when bank watch happens
所有權保留買賣中與第三人利益沖突的協調，主要是以下幾種情形：一是出賣人將標的物讓與第三人；二是買受人讓與標的物的所有權或讓與期待權；三是第三人侵害標的物；四是當事人的債權人申請強制執行標的物的問題；五是當事人破產的情形下，各方當事人的利益協調。However, disturbed by right to defense and impeded by many exterior events such as force majeure, political issues, etc., the creditor who employs traditional personal guarantee or collateral more often than not have to resort to the time consuming lawsuit
而傳統的人保與物保，受到基於基礎合同的各種抗辯權的困擾，還受到不可抗力、政治因素等許多外部事件的阻礙，債權人要實現其擔保權，通常要經過曠日持久的訴訟。Chapter ii makes analysis on properties of lien on marine goods under article 87 of maritime code, based on examples of legislation on lien in various countries. the author holds that there are two properties of lien : one is lien exercised by the carrier when the freight, contribution in general average and other necessary charges which are the other party ' s obligation to be paid to the carrier are not paid. it is a real right lien, which is a legal real right for security
第二章通過各國留置權立法例的啟示，分析了我國《海商法》第87條項下的海運貨物留置權的性質，筆者認為其性質分為二部分：承運人為收取運費、共同海損分攤和為貨物墊付的必要費用等屬于對方合同義務的費用而行使的留置權，是一種物權性的留置權，為法定擔保物權；承運人為收取滯期費等屬于對方合同責任的費用而扣留貨物，是一種債權性留置權，為合同的留置權。Shareholders " right is a new type of right with more advantages over owners " right, and can be an efficient way to operate the state - owned properties. actually the operation of the state - owned properties has experienced the state - owned and state - operating style, the state - owned and enterprise - operating style and surely will come to the style of company - owned and company - operating. the right to transfer the shares is a very important right of a shareholder and there should not be any illegal hurdles. at the same time, accurate understanding of what is the real running away of the state - owned properties can speed up the acquisition process
股權既不是物權也不是債權，而是一種新型的民事權利，它具有許多所有權所不具有的優點，也是一種更為有效的國有資產經營方式。我國國有資產在經歷了國家所有、國家經營及國家所有、企業經營階段后將進入法人所有、法人經營的階段，作為出資人的國家是公司的股東，其對公司所享有的是股權。股份轉讓權是股權的重要內容，不應人為地為國有股份的轉讓設置各種障礙，同時應當正確地理解國有資產流失問題，以更好地促進上市公司協議收購的進行。In a long time, stockholders possessed the whole residual claim and residual control. however, with the development of the corporate governance, creditors, managers, government and employees come to join in the corporate governance
但隨著經濟的發展，其他利益相關者的地位逐步升高，債權人、經營者、職工和政府都以各種方式體現著對企業治理的影響，未來企業治理的發展趨勢是利益相關者共同治理。In the first part, to show all kinds of potential risks during the acquisition process, the author reappears the situation and presents the main problems through six plots in time order, such as drainage of important personnel, subsidiary corporations be charged to clearing, latent liabilities and legal issues, etc.
案例描述部分是以情景再現的形式，按時間順序，通過六個情節將abletechnologylimited收購森泰集團有限公司股權所面臨的主要問題逐一展現，如重要人員流失、附屬企業被控清盤、潛在的負債及法律糾紛等，從而顯示出abletechnologylimited在買殼上市過程中的各種風險。Besides, there are great deals of other questions, which cause various kinds of mechanism of corporate governance unable to play a effective role. at the same time, the article make a deeply analysis to the reasons. finally, the article put forward some advises : reducing the state - owned stock progressively, foster the institutional investor actively, design some encouragement and restriction mechanism to a manager, reform and perfect the state assets management system, perfect regulation system and withdraw mechanism of security market and unifying the stock market progressively, set up powerful security payment mechanism of debts, strengthen restriction of creditor ' s rights of the banks, develop corporate bond financing, and so on
本文以資本結構的基本理論為起點，對各種資本結構理論觀點進行概括，並從股權和債權兩方面分析了資本結構對公司治理的作用和影響效果；通過對國有上市公司的資本結構進行實證分析，揭示了我國國有上市公司的資本結構存在股權和債權結構不合理，股權內部構成和債權內部構成不合理等諸多問題，由此導致了公司治理各種機制的有效作用無法正常發揮，使得公司治理的效應不佳，並進一步對產生這種股權和債權治理效率低下的成因進行了深層次的分析；最後從宏觀和微觀層次，提出對國有股進行有步驟的減持並逐步實現其流通、改革與完善國有資產管理體制、積極培育機構投資者、完善證券市場的法規體系和逐步統一股票市場、建立強有力的償債保障機制、設計經理人激勵約束機制、強化銀行的債權約束、發展企業債券融資等政策建議。Tom ( including his representatives, heirs, successors, and assigns ) hereby completely releases and forever discharges the company, its affiliated, related and subsidiary entities, and each of their present and former shareholders, officers, directors, agents, employees, attorneys, successors, and assigns ( collectively, “ released parties ” ) from all claims, rights, demands, actions, obligations, liabilities, and causes of action of every kind and character, known or unknown, mature or unmatured, which he may now have or have ever had arising from any act or omission or condition occurring on or prior to his signing this agreement, whether based on tort, contract ( express or implied ), or any federal, state, or local law, statute, or regulation and any claims for attorneys ' fees
湯姆（包括其代表人、繼承人、后繼者和受讓人在內）特此放棄和永久解除因為在其簽署本協議之時或之前發生的任何行動、疏漏或情況而導致其目前或過往對本公司及本公司關聯、相關及附屬實體以及該等公司之現有及先前的股東、高級職員、董事、代理商、雇員、律師、繼任者及委託人（統稱「被解除方」 ）所主張的一切索賠、權利、要求、行動、義務、債務以及導致任一種類與性質之行動的各種已知或未知、成熟或不成熟的理由，無論該等主張基於侵權行為，合約（明示或暗示） ，或任何聯邦、州或當地的法律、法令或規章，以及關于律師費的索賠。Corporation, as the major and most active civil subject in this modern economic society, just like a lively natural person, has its own process of emerging, growing declining and finally disappearing. their capacities of surviving are greatly different among each company. some stronger ones operate well for hundreds of years, while some may have to terminate only after years or ever days. the termination of a company may have great impact on the rights and benefits of its share holders, debtees, debtors and employers, so the company should properly deal with all there interests after terminating, ending its rights and obligations with other subjects so as to protect the peaceful order of the economic society. but as a civil subject in law, corporation has its way of obtaining the capacity of rights greatly different from that of a natural person, as a result a company shall have a different liquidation process after termination comparing to the process for a natural person after his / her death. at present, many defects exist in china ’ s corporation legal system, including the system of company liquidation. the regulations in corporation law are too few and abstract which can not guide the company liquidation activities in reality, seriously destroying the normal economic order of social life
公司生存的強弱之分有著十分巨大的差距，有的公司已存續百年仍生機勃勃而不見頹勢，有的公司成立不過數日或幾年就不得不終止。公司的終止會對公司股東、公司的債權人、債務人以及公司的職員的利益產生重大影響，公司在終止之必須對各種相關利益進行妥善安排，將公司與相關主體之間的權利義務歸于消滅，以維護社會經濟生活的平穩秩序。但由於公司作為法律擬制的民事主體，其取得權利能力的方式與自然人有著迥然的差異，這就決定了公司在終止時應當進行與自然人死亡后迥然不同的清算程序。As one kind of product of the development of market economy, reservation of title system has some superiority which the model guarantee systems do not have, it involves to some hot topics of modern market economy such as creditor ' s rights guarantee, consumer protection as well as transaction security and so on. to the basic litigants, it pays the proper attention to both efficiency and safety. if at the same time the suitable protection to the third party who has good faith can be given, then it may cause all involved litigant ' s benefit maximization, enable the guarantee function of the reservation of title system to fully reveal
所有權保留制度作為一種市場經濟高度發達下的產物，具有典型擔保制度所不具有的一些優勢之處，它關涉到債權擔保、消費者保護以及交易安全等現代市場經濟中較為熱點的一些問題，對交易的基本當事人而言其具有效率與安全兼顧的功效，如果在此基礎上又能夠對交易基本當事人以外的善意第三方的利益予以適當保護，便可以使各方當事人的利益實現最大化，使所有權保留制度的擔保功能得以盡顯。The chinese state - owned enterprises recombination involved many sides " interests, including the local government, big stockholder, creditor and the minority stockholder ; all the interests interweaved together have made the recombination a complex situation
我國的企業重組涉及的各方利益比較復雜，地方政府、企業大股東、企業債權人、企業中小股東的利益交織在一起，形成了一種利益博弈的局面。Current doctrines related to it fall into tow categories : one is single governance structure which is based on shareholder ' s cost and individualism, but ca n ' t reflect the overall situation of company governance ; the other is multiple governance structure which is based on social cost and socialism, but is too ambiguous to be feasible. this article intends to reconstruct the concept of legal person " s property rights with the combination of enterprise property rights theories and enterprise contract theories. after expounding on the reasonability of the legal - person - property rights - based company governance form, it further analyzes the administrating rights of the providers of legal person " s property rights
主要分為兩種，一種是以股東成本和股東個人本位為基礎的單邊治理結構，這一觀點認為公司屬股東所有，公司的最終決定權應交付股東，由股東獨自構成公司治理的主體，其實質是認為公司生產經營的成本就是股東成本，這一觀點並不能反映公司治理的全貌；另一種是以社會成本和社會本位為基礎的多邊治理理論，這一觀點認為以利益相關者作為參與公司治理的主體，雖然就利益相關者的范圍又有各種不同的觀點，但總體上一般都包括股東、債權人、雇員、顧客等主體。分享友人