坡體形 的英文怎麼說

Stability of rock slopes is generally controlled by the structure of rock masses, especially the soft structure surfaces. analysis of rock mass structures is a key to establish geological models and numerical simulation and a foundation to assess the stability of rock slopes. the weak structure surfaces are mainly bedding planes, faults, joints, schistosity plane and contact zones of intrusive bodies. since they are different in genesis and scale, the rock masses are different in features and mechanical intensities. based on the combination of rock structure bodies, 15 basic modes of deformation and failure of rock slope are systematically summarized. the deformation and failure of rock masses actually result from the recombination and rearrangement of these rock bodies. there are 11 types of rock mass structures and various deformation and failure of bank slopes are present in the reservoir area of the three gorge project

巖體結構，特別是軟弱結構面對基巖斜坡變形與破壞具有顯著的控製作用，巖體結構模式分析是建立斜坡地質模型和數學模型的關鍵和評價斜坡穩定性的基礎。巖層層面斷裂構造節理裂隙片理與劈理以及侵入體和圍巖的接觸帶等是控制基巖斜坡穩定的軟弱結構面，這些成因不同大小不一的結構面將巖體分割成性質各異力學強度不均的各種巖體結構體，構成了15種基巖斜坡變形破壞的巖體結構基本模式。不同結構體的重新組合與排列是斜坡失穩的內在原因。

In tiger leaping - gorge region, endogenic and exogenic geological processes are very prominent, and in different reaches the deformed and failured masses develop dissimilarly

金沙江虎跳峽地區內、外動力地質作用十分顯著，岸坡變形破壞體的空間分佈具有鮮明的地段性。

Based on the back - analysis data of some excavation stage, through the non - linear finite element program nef, we can predict the tendency of next excavation stage. the relative error between calculation and measurement is controlled in 25 %, demonstrate the estimate prediction is successful

根據反演的某一階段的土體參數值，通過非線性有限元程序nfp ，預測后一階段的邊坡變形情況，實例中理論計算值與實測值的相對誤差控制在25 %以內，說明預測是成功的。

The mechanical genesis of the complicated rock mass is because several times of tectonism in pro - period made the structure of rock mass in the right dam foundation damaged seriously and rock mass alteration made its mechanical character more anisotropy. after that the fractures in the right dam foundation slope were stretched at the beginning of the quaternary period because in the period yakouhoushan mountain quaquaversal dome was blowups quickly. at the same time, the valley trenching of lancang river reach to 800 - 1000 meter in altitude at the right bank in nuozadu dam site

導致右岸巖體復雜化的成因是，右岸巖體在早期遭受了多期構造作用和巖體蝕變的基礎上，第四紀早期丫口後山穹隆的快速隆起與當時河谷下切至800m 1000m高程這一特殊因素組合引起了右岸巖體沿原有的斷裂（裂隙）張開，使地下水等風化營力能夠到達坡體較深部位，經過長期的風化卸荷作用，形成了右岸復雜巖體。

Firstly, the main deformation and destruction forms of high loess slope and its deformation and destruction mode are brought forward. the forms are : collapse, slumping, slope wash, slope peeling, sliding mass deformation by collapsibility, and a very little seen form : mudflow

根據野外調查和前人的研究資料，概括總結出黃土高邊坡有如下幾種破壞形式：滑塌、崩塌、坡面沖刷、坡面剝落掉塊、坡體濕陷變形以及並不多見的泥流。

A i med at the badu ( k343 ) i arge seale i andslide in the nankun railway, geophysical exploration techniques such as seismic reflection of high resolution and geological radar are appi ied to detect the geologic characteristics of the landslide mass including 3d - conformation, perimeter, geometric parameters, si ippage pattern and distribution of displacement field in this dissertation. besides, acoustic method is used for detection of the former anti - slide piles and potency losing causations of the piles are analyzed and the sound geological conditions for upgrade of the piles are ascertained by the above investigations

本文針對南昆鐵路八渡（ k343 ）大型滑坡，運用高解析度反射地震、地質雷達等地球物理探測技術對滑坡體地質進行了詳細的勘測，揭示了八渡滑坡體的空間形態、邊界與幾何參數、滑動方式以及位移場分佈特徵；同時，利用聲波探測對原抗滑樁進行了檢測，分析了失效原因，並查清了擬建抗滑樁地段的地質條件。

It analyse the stability with numerical simulation. finally, on the basis of geological estimation and analysis of the monitoring data and the numerical simulation, it conclude : ( 1 ) through the tracking investigation of the deformation phenomenon, and the study of the rock mass constructure of the slop, it determine the mode of the formation and destruction on the basis of aggregate analysis of the monitoring data

最後，結合地質判斷、監測分析結果及數值模擬分析結果以及對典型剖面的極限平衡計算結果，得出了以下主要成果： （ 1 ）通過對「左砂」邊坡變形破壞跡象的跟蹤調研，對斜坡的巖體結構和已經發生的破壞跡象進行深入的研究分析，結合對監測資料的綜合分析，確定了「左砂」邊坡可能的變形破壞模式。

This paper, in the light of the special geological environment and actual project situation of the three gorges reservoir area, puts forward a comprehensive analysis and evaluation system suitable for the stability analysis of the bank landslide of the three gorges reservoir area under the premise of thorough consideration of the water influence on the stability of the bank landslide, and obtains the following achievements in several aspects that have the practical application significance and certain scientific research value : ( 1 ) it is discovered that the water activity is the primary factor of the formation of the new landslide and the revival of the ancient landslide. on the one hand, the rising underwater level reduces the actual stress of landslide ; on the other hand, the long time soaking of the underwater reduces the mechanics intensity of the landslide and the slide belt, both of which reduce directly the landslide stability ; ( 2 ) in view of the special condition of the three gorges reservoir area, this paper analyzes systematically the forces acted on the landslide of the three gorges reservoir area and the force varieties acted on the divided landslide when the water level changes between 175 meters and 145 meters. thus it is more scientific and comprehensive for the analysis of the forces acted on the landslide ; ( 3 ) this paper summaries systematically 10 kinds of typical computation projects by organic combinations of different kinds of situations in the dry season ( nature statue ), rainy season ( rainstorm or rains for a long time condition ), with 175m water level in the reservoir, during the earthquake, with the water level of the reservoir adjusted from 175m to 145m and so on, and produces

本文針對長江三峽庫區特殊的地質環境與工程實際情況，在充分考慮水對庫岸滑體穩定性影響的前提下，提出了一個適用於長江三峽庫岸滑坡體穩定性分析的綜合分析評價體系，並取得了如下幾個方面具有工程實際意義和一定科學研究價值的研究成果： （ 1 ）研究結果發現，水的活動是新滑坡形成或古滑坡復活的主要因素，一方面是由於地下水位升高降低了滑坡體的有效應力，另一方面是由於地下水的長期浸泡降低滑體及滑帶的力學強度，這兩方面的因素均將直接降低滑坡的穩定性； （ 2 ）針對三峽庫區的特殊條件，系統分析了作用於三峽庫區滑坡體上的力系和庫水位在175m與145m間變化時滑體條塊的受力變化，從而使對作用於滑坡體上的力系分析更科學、更全面； （ 3 ）通過對滑體處于旱季（天然狀態） 、雨季（暴雨或長期降雨狀態） 、 175m庫水位、地震以及庫水位由175m調節下降至145m等各種不同情況的有機組合，本文系統地歸納總結出了10種典型計算工況，並具體給出了相應的作用荷載的計算方法，使在庫區岸坡滑體穩定性分析評價時對計算工況選擇及其作用荷載的計算更具規范性； （ 4 ）具體運用c + + builder開發了關于滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價系統，使對滑坡體穩定性分析計算更方便、更準確； （ 5 ）將上述滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價系統應用於重慶市豐都縣名山滑坡穩定性分析的具體事例中，分析結果表明，本文所提出滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價方法對三峽庫區的滑坡穩定性分析是實用可行的。

Abstract : based on the study on the deformation of largescale toppling rock mass in fushun west open pit, this paper research the features of deformation and failure of the soft rock slope controlled by weak intercalated beds, and its influence on urban industry establishment

文摘:以撫順西露天礦大規模傾倒滑移變形體變形規律研究為例，探討受軟弱夾層控制的軟巖邊坡變形破壞規律及其變形破壞對城市工業設施的影響。

It also includes three aspects : ( 1 ) can decrease the strength of the structure surface ; ( 2 ) can increase the weight of the land slope ; ( 3 ) the dynamic hydraulic pressure can decrease the stability of the land slope. the third, the analysis of the relationship between rainfall and the displacement of land slope. by means of studying on landslide kafang, gejiu and dahongshan, xinping with plenty of observed data about the rainfall and the displacement, the thesis analyzed the regularity of landslide

通過對國內外邊坡工程的穩定性分析的資料學習研究和兩個滑坡的工程實例的研究，闡述了： （ 1 ）邊坡工程研究領域中穩定性分析的主要方法，並根據計算過程和結果，提出穩定性分析的一些改進的建議； （ 2 ）降雨對邊坡穩定性的影響，主要是三個方面：一是軟化結構面的強度，二是增加滑體的自重，三是動水壓力降低滑坡穩定性； （ 3 ）降雨與滑坡變形的關系分析，通過多次的變形觀測資料和降雨資料，研究滑坡變形的規律性。

The results show that distinct " bench " distribution rule takes on for the subsidence and distortion of bench - shape slope surface ; the movement range of bench - shape slope surface is smaller but its distortion is larger than those of flat surface and concentrated distortion occurs at every bench plan ; the surface horizontal distortion of bench - shape slope is still pressed in gob centre and tensioned in both sides of gob ; space - time effect should be taken into account for the stability of bench - shape slope influenced by underground mining

結果表明：露天煤礦臺階狀邊坡體的采動沉陷規律表現出很明顯的「臺階」分佈特點；臺階狀邊坡地表的移動范圍比平地地表要小，但變形卻更劇烈，且在各臺階平面處形成變形集中；臺階狀邊坡地表的水平變形仍然呈現出采空區中間受壓，兩端受拉的特點；臺階狀邊坡在地下開采擾動下的穩定性應考慮采空區的時空效應。

Abstract : based on the data obtained from field observations and deformation monitoring, this paper deals with the deformation and failure of a double - decked slope composed of soft rock strata in its lower part and hard - brittle rock strata in its upper part. it is demonstrated that the deformation of this kind of slopes is always initiated by the non - homogeneous rheological compression of the lower soft rock strata, leading to the tension fracture and toppling of the upper hard rock strata, and at last the sliding of the whole deformed body will be caused by the shear failure along the stress - concentration zone in the lower soft rock mass under the actions of the gravitational loading and infiltration water

文摘:以現場考察和變形監測資料為依據，探討一個下部有軟弱基座，上部為硬脆性坡體的「二元結構」邊坡的變形破壞問題，揭示這類邊坡的變形總是以下部軟弱巖體的不均勻壓縮流變為先導，進而引起上部硬脆性坡體的拉裂與傾倒，最終通過滲入水的作用，使下部承載狀況已進一步惡化了的軟弱巖體，沿剪應力集中帶發生剪切破壞而導致整個變形坡體的下滑。

In other words, the process of analyzing relaxation zone related to one safety factor can also be regarded as the process of searching potential slide surface related to the same safety factor. elastic wedge model is used for analysis of relaxation zone of cutting homogeneous slope. on the basis of elastic plane - strain theory, the relaxation zone can be calculated according to mohr - coulomb or drucker - prager law and single tension intensity principle which are both related to one safety factor after three - dimensional stress field of the cutting slope is got

提出均質邊坡開挖鬆弛區可以用彈性理論中的楔形體理論分析，在平面應變問題的基礎上得到開挖坡體的三向應力場之後，可運用考慮安全儲備后的強度條件（主要為摩爾?庫侖或德魯克?布拉格強度準則和單軸抗拉強度準則）解析坡體分步開挖過程中的鬆弛區范圍，給出了具體的計算步驟，並通過算例較詳細地說明了操作過程。

Article 22 in a water - eroded region, by taking a small river basin comprising the natural ravines and flanking hill slopes as a unit, a comprehensive system for the prevention and control of soil erosion shall be set up on the basis of overall planning and comprehensive rehabilitation

第二十二條在水力侵蝕地區，應當以天然溝壑及其兩側山坡地形成的小流域為單元，實行全面規劃，綜合治理，建立水土流失綜合防治體系。

( 6 ) conclusion was obtained by the analyzing the mechanics environment and the stability of the lanslide on the right bank after the dam built : the value of the rock mass stress increased and the tensile stress region obviously reduced, the direction of the principal stress was unchangeable the dam and the landslide were stable under the dangerous condition ( the reservoir and at the same time the earthquake was viii ), but when the water lever suddenly fell and did not think of other force, safe factor evidently reduced, the dam and the landslide will be destroyed under the most dangerous condition ( the water lever suddenly fell and at the same time the earthquake was vi ) ; the stability of the landslide will be destroyed by the horizontal thrust under the most dangerous condition or ; the physical and mechanical parameter will be reduced due to long period filter, the landslide will be destroyed too

（ 6 ）建壩工程荷載條件下河谷巖體力學環境分析及右岸古滑坡體的穩定問題分析得出：建壩后河谷的巖體應力量值明顯增高，同時左岸的張應力區的范圍及量值明顯減小，主應力的方向依然與模型的底邊界垂直；大壩建成后逐漸蓄水階段以及同時考慮本區最強地震力的作用等各種不同的工況條件時，滑坡體及壩體總體上仍處于穩定狀態；水位驟降時，在未考慮其他外力作用的情況時，滑體的安全系數將顯著降低。若考慮水位驟降及本區最大地震力的共同作用，壩體將在滑坡體下滑推力的作用下產生破壞；建壩后水平推力對右岸古滑坡體穩定性的影響分析可以看出，在最危險的工況條件下，壩體及滑坡體也將處于臨界狀態；在長期滲透變形的作用下，由於滑帶的物理力學參數的降低而有可能導致壩體失穩破壞。

The principal conclusions include : ( a ) the composite system is composed of both active - bearing structural members and inactive - bearing ones, being of a character of combination of rigid retaining structures with flexible ones, so its working mechanism will be behaved as sharing loadings, waterproof and impermeability, loading transfer, local reinforcement and pre - reinforcement ; ( b ) the experimental results show that much more subsoil will participate in retaining action, soil stresses of internal slope will be shared uniformly and deflections caused by excavation will be reduced notably because of cooperation of nails and cement - soil mixing pile wall ; and ( c ) the internal forces of facing in vertical model will be a control factor of design and the cross section tensile strength of cement - soil wall will govern strength of the

主要研究結論有： （ 1 ）復合土釘支護的作用機理主要為臨時加固土體以保證局部穩定、有機聯系以共同承擔荷載、改善土體性質起到止水抗滲作用。 （ 2 ）試驗結果表明：復合土釘支護能夠充分調動周圍土體共同作用，有效地控制基坑變形；復合土釘支護中止水帷幕的插入深度和強度對控制邊坡變形與失穩有較大作用；復合土釘支護效果明顯優於一般的土釘支護。 （ 3 ）面層與邊坡土體共同變形，設計時可按外力作用下的彈性地基梁進行計算。

The forming condition ， forming mechanics and the engineering geological characteristics of the landslide in yanshanmozhan is studied

論述了楊山末站滑坡的形成條件、形成機理和滑體的工程地質特徵。

( 三 ) under the dynamic load of the explosion, the numeric analysis has been done and achieve the rule as follow : ( 1 ) when the frequency of vibration is 0. 3hz, the acceleration of the slopes top gets the maximum ; so 0. 3hz is believed the natural frequency of the slope as a whole ; ( 2 ) the vibration of explosion can been magnified because of the condition of the landform, when the relative altitude is up to 45m, the acceleration of horizon gets the maximum ; when the relative altitude is up to 100m, the absolute value of acceleration and the deformation of horizon is larger than that in the bottom of the slope ; ( 3 ) in the period of forced vibration, at the top of the slope, the acceleration of horizon become larger and larger ; at the middle part of the slope, it becomes smaller ; ( 4 ) when the explosion velocity of is much little, the shallow part destruction is the primary deformation of the slope

（三）採用模態疊加法針對爆破動力作用，進行邊坡的動力響應分析，得出了以下結論： （ 1 ）振動頻率為0 . 3hz時，坡面頂部水平向加速度峰值最大；綜合考慮，可認為該邊坡的自振頻率為0 . 3hz左右； （ 2 ）地形對爆破地振動存在放大作用，研究剖面的坡面，水平向加速度及位移在地形相對高差45米左右最大，而後隨相對高差的增高而減小，相對高差為100米時，水平向位移及加速度絕對值均大於坡腳； （ 3 ）強迫振動段，水平向加速度值隨時間變化的規律為：坡頂節點總的變化趨勢是越來越大，而坡體中部節點的變化趨勢是越來越小； （ 4 ）當爆破振速較小時，變形破壞的形式表現為坡頂表面滑塌型。

The study results reveal some laws : ( 1 ) two failure modes exist in different obliquity slope and influence the internal force of soil nailing ; ( 2 ) the connection between face shield and soil nailing determines the distribution of the axial force along length ; ( 3 ) the influence of face shield involves its connection with soil nailing and its stiffness on soil nailing wall ; ( 4 ) the transversal effect of soil nailing depended on the joint of nail head is little ; ( 5 ) the maximum axial forces of other soil nailings except the first soil nailing increase gradually with excavation

研究表明： （ 1 ）素土坡隨著坡角的變化，存在兩種破壞方式，破壞方式不同，土釘受力狀態不同； （ 2 ）土釘和面層的連接方式決定著土釘長度方向上的軸力分佈形態； （ 3 ）面層主要通過面層與土釘的連接和面層的本身剛度兩個方面對土釘內力和墻體變形產生影響； （ 4 ）土釘橫向抗剪抗彎作用的發揮程度和土釘釘頭的連接方式有關，但作用不大，實際設計時可以忽略其影響； （ 5 ）隨著坡體的開挖，第一排土釘的最大軸力變化不大，其它土釘的軸力都穩步增加。

In order to assess stability of longpan right bank slope in the hutiao gorge, the authors use geophysical method such as csamt to characterize structure and patterns of the slope

摘要為了查明虎跳峽龍蟠右岸斜坡變形體的形態和結構，從而對其穩定性進行綜合評價，利用地球物理手段做了csamt方法的勘察工作。