壟斷定價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lǒngduàndìngjià]
壟斷定價 英文
monopoly pricing
  • 壟 : 名詞1. （耕地上培成的土埂） ridge 2. （田地分界的稍稍高起的小路） raised path between fields3. （像壟的東西） ridge-like things
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 壟斷 : monopolize; forestall; monopoly
  1. Pricing decisions made in a collusive atmosphere come close to monopoly pricing.

    在勾結的情況下制定的價格，接近於壟斷價格。
  2. The text study water supply pricing at theoretic and practice include below contents : the theoretic of water supply pricing : 1 ) the meanings and pricing of public utility : the public utility ' s habitude determines the monopolization position, but the pricing still suffer the government ' s strict control

    本文就供水價格的制定，從理論與實證兩個方面進行了研究，主要包括以下內容：供水價格理論： 1 ）公用事業的含義及定價理論：公用事業的特性決定了其自然壟斷地位，但其產品定價仍要受到政府的嚴格管制。
  3. Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks

    突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。
  4. Next analyzed were the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission ; cost, ratemaking principle, method of acquiring the pipeline transmission fee, constitution, calculate, management and control after that, wt ; compared service cost methods with economic evaluation methods and the one - part pricing method with the two - part pricing method. later on was introduced the regulate coefficient of pipeline transmission fee structure, established the modificatory two - part pricing method, and found out a natural gas pipeline transmission pricing method that is fit for china ' s current situation. finally, we validated the rationality and applicability of this metho j by the demonstrational analysis on the natural gas pipeline transmission price of " the gas transmission from west to east " pipeline this paper ' s research fundamental is : the fundamental of natural gas pipeline transmission pricing should reflect the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission

    本文首先論述了自然壟斷行業的價格理論，然後分析了天然氣管輸的特點、定價原則及管輸費的收取方式、成本、構成、計算及其管理與調控；在此基礎上比較了中外天然氣管輸定價的服務成本法與經濟評價法，一部制定價法與兩部制定價法等；針對目前我國天然氣管道運價的制定現狀，本文深入研究了國際通用的天然氣管輸定價方法，引入「管輸費結構調整系數」的指標，建立修正的兩部制定價方法，找出了一套適合於我國當前國情的恰當的天然氣管輸定價方法，並通過「西氣東輸」管線加以實證分析，驗證了方法的合理性和適用性。
  5. The conclusion is drawn out that the government should valorize the natural monopolist products to inspirit the downstream enterprises to reduce the cost

    通過分析指出，政府應該保持自然壟斷產品價格的相對穩定，以激勵下游企業發揮主動性，降低成本。
  6. At last, we have studied the price - making decision system of the oligarch monopolize firm with the help of the swarm

    最後，本文運用swarm平臺對寡頭壟斷廠商定價決策系統進行了實證研究。
  7. Viewing from the supplying system of the aviation oil, and owing to the lacking of restrictions of the aviation supply market, two biggest petrolic monopoly communities have to comply with the petroleum price set by the government. although the affluxing market of aviation oil is run by caoac and other regional aviation companies, each airport has only one aviation oil company to supply it with aviation materials. the aviation companies have no rights to make their choices

    但隨著我國市場化進程的加快，這種體制帶來的問題日顯突出：由於航油供應市場的上游沒有放開，兩大石油集團壟斷國內資源，航油出廠價由國家統一制定，航油的加註市場雖由中航油和地方航油公司多家經營，但每個機場只有一家航油供應公司，航空公司無法選擇供油商和加油商。
  8. Part iii sets forth six monopoly behaviors which do harm to competition in this field, such as impeding interconnection or unreasonably pricing on access charges, and so on

    第三部分闡述六種有損于電信業競爭機制的常見壟斷行為，包括對互聯互通設置障礙、接入收費壟斷定價等等。
  9. The conclusions are : under the case of monopoly, the enterprise has the ability to delay the investment, thus it can take the advantages of option value brought by uncertainty to select the optimal timing of investment in each phrase flexibly ; under the case of competition, enterprise will select the optimal investment timing by comparing the tradeoff between the benefits of option value and the strategic lost of competitor ' s preemption, because preemption of competitor will reduce the ability of enterprise to delay investment comparing with the case of monopoly, the enterprise usually invests early, hi the meantime, by comparing the outcomes of investment cooperation in the r & d phrase with that of competition, we can conclude that r & d investment cooperation is pareto dominant strategy, since enterprise can fully take advantage of the option value brought by uncertainty, and thus enhance the flexibility of decision - making

    得到的結論是：在壟斷情形下，企業具有延遲投資的能力，因而企業可以充分利用不確定性帶來的期權價值，在創新投資的各階段根據不確定性信息的獲得靈活地選擇最優的投資時機；在競爭情形下，企業延遲投資的能力受到局限，由於害怕競爭對手的佔先，企業為了獲得佔先效應，會考慮競爭對手的行為對自己的影響，通過在不確定性所帶來的期權價值與競爭對手的行為所帶來的戰略價值之間進行權衡，來選武漢理工大學博士學位論文擇最優的投資時機。與壟斷情形相比，一般企業會提早投資。同時通過分析說明，競爭企業間通過在創新投資的研究與開發階段進行合作，可以使兩家企業充分利用不確定性帶來的期權價值，增強決策的柔性，結論說明，合作創新投資是兩家企業的帕累托占優策略。
  10. We will begin with a discussion of relevant topics from industrial organization including monopoly pricing, price discrimination, product differentiation, barriers to entry, network externalities, search and first - mover advantages

    我們一開始將討論相關的主題，包括了壟斷定價、價格歧視、商品差異化、進入障礙、網路外部性、搜尋及先佔優勢。
  11. 4. analyse the forms of water rights trade and put forward several trade ways, then introduce water rights market and several kinds of pricing, and set up two - part tariff of the transfer of water rights finally

    研究水權交易的種類並提出回購協議和抵押貸款的交易方式，然後介紹壟斷市場和水權市場，以及壟斷市場的幾種定價方式，最後建立水權轉讓的兩部制價格模型。
  12. The real estate development cost control methods are specified of decision, design, execution stage to reduce the construction cost, and it is compiling feasibility study report and capital invest estimation in decision, optimizing the design scheme and designed rationally in the technique and construction drawing design stage, electing rational construction scheme in construction stage, controlling the change in the work and field visas strictly, examining and approving budge detailed, budge planning use the quantities list, electing the best subcontractor, preventing some monopoly raise the price, collecting the detailed data in the fieldwork, making strict bargain

    討論了房地產開發項目的決策階段、設計階段、實施階段分別需要採取的相關措施和方法，以盡量降低項目的工程造價，即在決策階段編寫詳細的可行性研究報告和編制投資估算；在設計階段優化設計方案，進行合理的技術設計和施工圖設計；在實施階段選擇合理的施工方案，嚴格控制工程變更和現場簽證，嚴格審核工程施工圖預算，工程造價的預算採用工程量清單報價，擇優確定專業分包單位，防止少數壟斷性行業任意抬價，深入現場，收集和掌握施工有關資料，制定嚴密的合同條款。
  13. This article discusses the regulation of predatory pricing in antitrust law

    本文研究的主題為反壟斷法中掠奪性定價的規制。
  14. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
  15. On the bilateral coordination, he puts the bilateral coordination between the united states and the ec as an example to introduce the present conditions of the bilateral coordination, and then assesses it. on regional cooperation, he focuses on cooperation of the countries of ec. at last, he analyses the feasibility and the difficulty of making an international uniform antitrust law, and then puts forwards the steps of building a system to regulate the transnational m & a under the wto system

    在單蛐制方面，筆者分析了發達國家反壟斷法律的發鵬勢及其原因，並考察和評價了反壟斷法的域外適用制度；在雙邊協調方面，筆者以美歐間的雙邊協調為例，介紹了目前雙邊弧的現狀並加以評價；在區域弧方面，筆者重點分析了歐盟國家反壟斷法律的郴；最後，筆者分析了制定國際統一反壟斷法的可行性和障礙，並提出了在世貿組織竟爭規則下建立跨國並購規制制度的步驟。
  16. A common complaint is that some companies try to monopolize a market through " predatory " or below - cost pricing

    一種常見的申訴是一些公司通過掠奪性定價或傾銷價企圖壟斷市場。
  17. Abuse acts mainly consists of monopoly pricing, refusals to deal, tie - in sales or tie - in other unreasonable condition, exclusive dealing agreements, etc. thirdly, this text introduces that constructivism and behaviorism are two approaches of anti - monopoly regulation. constructivism regulates concentrating situation in order to control the degree

    文章結合各國的立法實踐，對濫用市場支配地位的行為的涵義和表現形式進行了分析，主要分析了壟斷高價、掠奪性定價、搭售、拒絕交易、歧視待遇和獨家交易等行為。
  18. Real option approach to monopolistic pricing in an increasing market

    增長性市場條件下壟斷定價的實物期權方法
  19. But this is only the external factor. the more important reason is x - inefficiency in the regulated enterprises and regulation failure of government. accordingly, the reforms on these industries have two methods : introduce more competition, and design better means of regulation

    相應地，對自然壟斷產業規制的改革也應該從這兩個方面著手：一方面，在自然壟斷產業中引入競爭；另一方面，設計科學合理的規制方法來決定壟斷定價。
  20. The purpose of our study is to look for the countermeasures with which we can make our national telecom industrial organization optimized. in the research, this paper applies the scp analysis frame of the theory of industrial organization to study the market structure, the market conduct and the market performance of our national telecom industry. after that, we reach such a conclusion : the market structure of our national telecom industry has developed from the past complete monopoly to the present oligarchic monopoly

    在研究中，本文藉助產業組織理論的scp分析框架來分析我國電信業的市場結構、企業市場行為和市場績效，得出如下結論：我國電信業的市場結構已經由過去的完全壟斷演變為現在的寡頭壟斷形態，電信企業的市場行為發生了很大變化，價格行為已經由原來的壟斷定價發展為價格競爭激烈，但由於壟斷的市場結構並未發生根本改變，大量的不正當競爭還時有發生，因此，不合理的市場結構和不規范的市場行為，必然導致了不理想的市場績效。
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