壟斷收益 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lǒngduànshōuyì]
壟斷收益 英文
monopoly return
  • 壟 : 名詞1. （耕地上培成的土埂） ridge 2. （田地分界的稍稍高起的小路） raised path between fields3. （像壟的東西） ridge-like things
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 收 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把攤開的或分散的事物聚集、合攏） put away; take in 2 （收取） collect 3 （收割） harvest...
  • 益 : Ⅰ名詞1 （好處） benefit; profit; advantage 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ形容詞（有益的） beneficialⅢ動詞...
  • 壟斷 : monopolize; forestall; monopoly
  • 收益 : income; proceeds; profit; earnings; gains; avails; gainings
  1. The text is analyzing present state of electricity vocation, dissecting rootstock and manifestation of monopoly of electricity vocation, and finding cause of electricity vocation superprofit producing from analysed costs and profit and income rate

    本文從分析電力行業現狀著手，剖析電力行業壟斷的根源、表現形式，並從成本、利潤、收益率上分析電力行業超額利潤產生的原因。
  2. The primary causes of the regime shortage are the state monopoly and the state control over the education. the primary cause of the structure shortage is that the budgetary appropriations are not in favor of the compulsory education and the underdeveloped district. then this article puts forward some suggestion to alleviant these kinds of educational shortage : to raise the repay of human capital ; to initiate a system of public financial regulation ; to increase the government appropriation for education ; to relax the state control over education ; to improve the form of the financial transference expenditure, and so on

    總量性短缺的成因主要是我國人口多、經濟發展水平低，教育投資資本邊際效率遞減趨勢、教育投資預期收益相對偏低等；財政性短缺的主要成因是在國家加快推進工業化特別是優先發展重工業的戰略下，政府財政支出的重點必然傾向物質生產部門，而近二十年的財政制度創新都因利益格局的剛性只能作有限突破等；體制性短缺的成因主要是政府壟斷阻礙各類要素往教育領域的流入等；結構性短缺的成因主要是分級分權撥款體制無法保證教育投資的公平等。
  3. Based on the effective competition theory, the writer agrees in denying the scale standard and tolerating the mixed combnition, through defining the relevant market, examining the market share and the market concentration degree and on the basis of considering market ' s entering factors, such as the obstacle the bankrupt, the economic benefits and the international competitiveness, etc, then absorbing the rational factors in the rational principle, the social public interests

    基於有效競爭理論，筆者贊同在認踴準上，否認賬標準，容忍非橫向合併，通腑定相關市場，審查市場份額和市場集中度，再在考慮市場進入障礙、瞰、經濟效益、國際竟爭力等因素的基礎上，吸收合理原則、社會公益原則和卯原則中的合理因素，綜合分析企業合併行為在反壟斷法上的合法性。
  4. For example, the administratively monopolized access regulation that caused the upper section ( railway network operation ) and lower section ( the transportation businesses ) integrated ; the relatively closed investment mechanism that at first mainly depended on government allocation, then mainly relied on railway ' s building fund ; the price regulation that controls the right of price setting strictly and keeps a low price level for a long time ; the income distribution regulation that with its income and expense carried out in two separate ways ; finally, the regulation framework that with the roles wrongly arranged and with inadequate supervision and lagged legislation

    由此可以看出，我國鐵路規制體制的計劃經濟痕跡非常明顯：在進入上，實行「上下一體」的行政性壟斷；在投資上，實行先以國家為主而後以鐵路建設基金為主的相對封閉的投資體制；在運價上，國家嚴格控制定價權，並長期以來保持低價位；在收益分配上，實行收支兩條線的清算制度；最後，在規制的組織架構方面，不僅角色錯位，而且缺乏監督，立法滯后。
  5. The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as the followings : l ) deducing and proving the " three in one " theory of natural monopoly, that is, from the angles of economies of scale, economies of scope and economies of network, giving an explanation of natural monopoly ; 2 ) putting forward the concept of " strict superadditivity " and proving that total value function and total revenue function of network economy have strict superadditivity ; 3 ) summarizing the emerging characteristics in the market definition of natural monopoly, that is, in the monopoly industry, " market " tends to be more and more smaller than " industry " ; 4 ) expounding that the objective patterns of regulatory reforms of the railway industry in china are explicit regulation with partly characteristics of implicit regulation ; 5 ) proving the idea that the structural reforms of the railway industry in china should be hierarchical ; 6 ) demonstrating the theoretical bases for whether infrastructure management should be separated from transpo rt operation ; 7 ) expounding and proving that the interior of the railway industry in china should implement the differential property rights reform pattern

    本文的研究特點在於： （ 1 ）在規模經濟、范圍經濟的基礎上進一步推導並證明了網路經濟與自然壟斷的關系，即自然壟斷可以從規模經濟、范圍經濟、網路經濟三個角度來解釋論述； （ 2 ）明確提出了一個與鮑莫爾、潘澤與威利格等人提出的「成本劣加性」相類似的概念? ?價值優加性，並證明了網路經濟的總價值函數和總收益函數具有嚴格優加性； （ 3 ）概括了自然壟斷市場界定中所出現的新特徵，即在壟斷產業中， 「市場」正越來越小於「產業」 ； （ 4 ）進一步論證了中國鐵路產業規制創新的目標模式是兼有部分內生規制特點的外生規制； （ 5 ）在中國鐵路產業的結構改革中應體現分層次的思想； （ 6 ）明確論述了內容提要鐵路路網公司等自然壟斷環節是否分割的理論基礎; （ 7 ）提出並進一步證明了中國鐵路產業內部應實行差異化的產權改革模式。
  6. Xinyu group added some establishments and improved management in new projects by the discover and investigation. using contrast and case analysis, social investigate, statistic research methods, this paper draw some conclusions, those conclusions are that the academy logistics organization monopolized the academy logistics market, that education welfare restricted income of apartment investment, and so on. so academy logistics originations maybe develop some payable services by the characters of undergraduate improve the benefits of apartment project

    本文採用對比研究和案例研究、社會調查與數理統計相結合、邏輯推導與實證研究相配合的研究方法，從調查和案例研究得出：高校後勤社會化機構具有一定能的壟斷性，並沒有受到真正的競爭；公寓投資收益與教育福利是相互約束的，進而對投資主體的投資回報產生直接影響；大學生接受公寓住宿是消費非理性的，或者消費非自主的。
  7. Secondly, this paper reviews the effects of bank m & a, which include both positive and negative ones. the positive effects mainly include appreciation effect and diversion effect. the former is reflected on scale economy and scope economy, while the latter is embodied on divers

    接著對銀行業並購的效應進行了分析，指出銀行業並購既有正面效應，也有負面效應，正面效應主要包括增值效應和轉移效應，而增值效應又表現在規模經濟和范圍經濟效益上，轉移效應表現為資本市場價值轉移和稅收轉移；負面效應主要表現在：過分壟斷可能損害消費者的利益，超大規模帶來的經營風險，金融監管難度加大以及大幅度裁員問題。
  8. In the end, it is concluded that the privileged investors will select the optimal investment time and the optimal monopolized output in terms of the identity of the low cost to become the leader of the market whether they are the high cost enterprises or the low ; on the basis of observing the leaders ' strategies, the followers will select the optimal investment time into the market according to the basic principle of applying the real option method into the investment decision ; subsequently, the leaders and the followers will yield in terms of the perfect bayesian equilibrium output to get the equilibrium income together

    無論是在高成本或低成本類型下，占優型企業均會以低成本的身份選擇最佳投資時機和最佳壟斷產量進入市場生產、成為市場的領導者；在觀察到領導者行動策略的基礎上，追隨者按實物期權方法的投資決策基本規則確定其進入市場的最佳投資時機；隨后，領導者與追隨者按照精煉貝耶斯納什均衡產量進行生產，共同獲得市場均衡收益。
  9. In fact, the current research findings on the endogenous growth theory itself are consisted of different models created by those economists having similar opinion on the growth theory and are not clear enough. current researches on the endogenous growth theory revealed that it is not the exogenous but endogenous variables ( such as endogenous technological change ) provide the engine for the long - run growth, and conducted in - depth analysis of one particular aspect of endogenous growth models such as the spillover effect of the knowledge, learning by doing, human capital investment, r & d, increasing returns, division of the labor and specialization and monopoly

    國內外研究的一個共同特點是：把內生增長模型的理論特點歸結為，強調經濟增長不是外部力量（如外生的技術變化） ，而是經濟體系的內部力量（如內生技術變化）作用的結果，並分別對內生增長模型所側重的某一方面：如知識外溢、邊干邊學、人力資本投資、 r & d 、收益遞增、勞動分工和專業化、開放經濟和壟斷化等進行了詳細述評。
  10. Meanwhile, if the new technology can reduce the cost sharply, the social welfare when two firms adopt the new technology may be lower than that when only one firm adopts it. this means that stronger incentive regulation and asymmetric regulation induce “ too many innovation ”. on the other hand, if the innovation is expensive and risky, and imitation is easy, the stronger incentive regulation and asymmetric regulation may increase the imitation profits of inefficient firm, so that it would adopt the waiting - imitation strategy, and this would reduce the aggressive innovation profit of efficient firm and prevent either firm from innovating

    此時，若新技術能夠大幅降低生產成本，則兩個廠商都採用新技術時的社會福利可能會低於單個廠商採用新技術時的社會福利，即強激勵性規制政策和不對稱規制政策會引發「技術創新過度」 ;反之，當創新成本很高，且風險較大，模仿又比較容易時，強激勵性規制政策和不對稱規制政策可能會增加低效率廠商的模仿收益，從而使其嚴格採取等待-模仿策略，這會減少高效率廠商的進攻性創新收益，從而削弱它的創新動力，並最終阻礙自然壟斷產業的技術進步，此時，強激勵性規制政策和不對稱規制政策導致了「技術創新不足」 。
  11. The last chapter announces the policy meaning of demonstration. the market power is the antitrust main talent of the present stage in our country

    西部地區的廠商收益率主要依賴于現有的市場勢力，存在顯著的非經濟壟斷特徵。
  12. It prides the innovative obligees with a certain period of monopolistic right to get back the large investment and the profit, from it, therefore, to promote economic development

    它是從產權的角度，賦予創新的權利人以一定時期的壟斷權，從而回收創新的高額投入和收益，以推動經濟的發展。
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