壟斷率 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lǒngduànlǜ]
壟斷率 英文
degree of monopoly
  • 壟 : 名詞1. （耕地上培成的土埂） ridge 2. （田地分界的稍稍高起的小路） raised path between fields3. （像壟的東西） ridge-like things
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 率 : 率名詞（比值） rate; ratio; proportion
  • 壟斷 : monopolize; forestall; monopoly
  1. Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks

    突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。
  2. If we receive this kind of explanation, we never need to fear that monopolization will roil the market, disrupt social economic order

    如果相信了這種解釋，那我們就不必害怕壟斷會擾亂經濟運行機制，損害效率和降低消費者的福利。
  3. The text is analyzing present state of electricity vocation, dissecting rootstock and manifestation of monopoly of electricity vocation, and finding cause of electricity vocation superprofit producing from analysed costs and profit and income rate

    本文從分析電力行業現狀著手，剖析電力行業壟斷的根源、表現形式，並從成本、利潤、收益率上分析電力行業超額利潤產生的原因。
  4. In the world, the manage of broadcast and tv can be analysed to two sorts : one is the industry of broadcast and tv monopolyzed by governments. the other is governments mange the treanecey and supervise the finanical of broadcast and televisual industry

    世界范圍內廣播電視管理可分為兩類：一類是廣播電視業由國家壟斷，指導重要決策；另一類是國家負責頻率的管理和對公共廣播電視企業的財務管理實行監督。
  5. It has lowered trade barriers and tax rates, broken state monopolies, unshackled industry, encouraged competition, and opened up to the rest of the world

    它減少貿易壁壘，降低稅率，打破國家壟斷，解放工業，鼓勵競爭，向全世界開放。
  6. The primary causes of the regime shortage are the state monopoly and the state control over the education. the primary cause of the structure shortage is that the budgetary appropriations are not in favor of the compulsory education and the underdeveloped district. then this article puts forward some suggestion to alleviant these kinds of educational shortage : to raise the repay of human capital ; to initiate a system of public financial regulation ; to increase the government appropriation for education ; to relax the state control over education ; to improve the form of the financial transference expenditure, and so on

    總量性短缺的成因主要是我國人口多、經濟發展水平低，教育投資資本邊際效率遞減趨勢、教育投資預期收益相對偏低等；財政性短缺的主要成因是在國家加快推進工業化特別是優先發展重工業的戰略下，政府財政支出的重點必然傾向物質生產部門，而近二十年的財政制度創新都因利益格局的剛性只能作有限突破等；體制性短缺的成因主要是政府壟斷阻礙各類要素往教育領域的流入等；結構性短缺的成因主要是分級分權撥款體制無法保證教育投資的公平等。
  7. The result reveals that standardized software provides a higher return though there exist much customized demands in market ; governmental agencies as big clients contribute a lower return on sales and lower delivery rate because of their monopoly position ; regional business environment affects transaction costs greatly, causing a poor performance ; the performance is significantly influenced by incentive mechanism, not significantly by the cognitive of project managers

    結果發現客戶對定製化需求大，但對標準化軟體卻有更高的邊際利潤；政府機構是大客戶，但其壟斷地位，所帶來的銷售利潤率和項目交付率並不高；地域商務環境影響交易成本，進而顯著地影響了項目的業績水平；項目業績受項目經理激勵程度和方式的影響，但與項目經理認知特徵無顯著關系。
  8. The combination of the conventionai 1 duaiistic economy structure and the new dualistic ecpnomy structure under the hi - tech industry forms a muitip1e " eriensive dualistic economy structure ". during the hi - tech industry deveiopment process, there exist the industry main body " dualistic configuration ", market monopoly competition " duality mathet structure and developmeof path " duality path " inside the hi - tech industry because of these iotercrossed each othef, the hi4ech industry development economy system is featured with the int6raction of compound dualistic economy structure. ln this paper it is caiied as super duaiistic economy structure mode, that is to say, the hi4ech industry

    以此為基礎，對于高技術產業資本原始形成的途徑、高技術產業融資的「超二元化結構」體制模式及其效率問題分別進行了論述，提出決定高技術產業發展中金融支持體系的「超二元結構」和高技術產業融資的系統理論模式：大銀行、主板證券市場支持以模仿創新技術、規模壟斷為主要特徵的規模壟斷型高技術產業，中小企業的銀行、私募資本市場的天使投資和創業資本投資、創業板證券市場支持以原創性創新技術、技術壟斷和中小企業為主要特徵的技術壟斷型高技術產業。
  9. Although the monopoly provision of government can solve the problem of " free - ride ", government ca n ' t still play a perfect role in this field. recently more and more problems have brought to public attention such as, low efficiency, insufficient supply and lack of fund

    然而，政府的行為並非完美，由政府壟斷公共物品的供給雖然解決了「搭便車」行為，但卻出現了效率不高、供給短缺、資金缺乏等問題。
  10. The second is that monopoly produces some positive effects : as static efficiency to say, there are four mechanisms, namely economies of scale, economies of scope, internalization of externalities and learning effect, which optimize the allocation of resources. monopoly advantages decrease of transaction cost. some extent monopoly has benefits to technology innovation and human capital accumulation

    其次，壟斷具有正的效應：從靜態效率來看，壟斷存在四種優化資源配置的機制（規模經濟機制、范圍經濟機制、外部性內化機制和學習效應機制） ；壟斷有利於機會成本的降低，從而可以提高社會經濟活動的效率；從動態效率來看，一定程度的壟斷有利於技術進步和人力資本的積累，因而是動態有效的。
  11. During the period of shift from planning economy to market economy, china began the variance of industrial regulation. first, in 1980 " s there were some reforms of industrial regulation in frustrations such as telecom, electrics, transports industries, aiming at separating government and enterprises, hastening competitions, promoting efficiency. reforms is the original impetus of the variance of industrial regulation

    在由計劃經濟體制全面向市場經濟體制轉軌過程中，中國開始了產業規制變遷歷程，其標志是20世紀80年代初，以「政企分離，打破壟斷，促進競爭，提高效率」為目的，在電信、電力、交通運輸業等基礎設施行業進行的產業規制改革，市場化改革是中國產業規制變遷的初始原動力。
  12. The twenty years " bank reform achieves a lot, but it still do not get out of the situation of low efficiency and high risk. the source of the problem is that the state monopolizes the whole property right of the state owned banks. so the diversified property right is the solution to the problem

    20年的銀行改革，雖然取得了很大成就，但始終沒有擺脫低效率和高風險膠著並存的兩難境地，國有銀行問題的根源在於國家壟斷了國有銀行的全部產權，所以，產權多元化才能從根本上解決國有銀行面臨的問題。
  13. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
  14. Thus, we must regulate the nature monopoly industry to avoid the overlap construct which means waste resources

    因而，對自然壟斷產業而言，就需要對其進行規制，尤其是進入的限制，以避免重復建設導致的效率損失。
  15. Article 1 : this law has been formulated to prevent and halt monopolistic acts, ensure fair market competition, improve economic efficiency, safeguard the interests of consumers and the public interest and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy

    第一條?為了預防和制止壟斷行為，保護市場公平競爭，提高經濟運行效率，維護消費者利益和社會公共利益，促進社會主義市場經濟健康發展，制定本法。
  16. For the reform practice of china ’ s bank regulation, on one hand, state - owned monopoly causes low efficiency ; on the other hand, the effect of regulation on stock - system bank or private bank differs greatly, due to difference in analytical objects, which causes much contradiction in regulation revolution

    對于中國銀行規制改革實踐來說，一方面，國有壟斷會帶來低效率;另一方面，對股份制銀行或民營銀行規制的效果也因分析對象的不同而呈現出較大的差異，從而使規制改革選擇表現出某種矛盾性。
  17. In order to speed up the urban construction, guarantee " olympic games move plan " construction and development goal realization, widely attracts the social capital to enter the city infrastructure domain to solve the fund supply and demand contradictory of large - scale centralism construction time and eliminates the low efficiency and resources waste which the administrative monopoly and the state - owned capital monopoly brings, reduces the infrastructure construction and the operation cost, lightens

    為了加快城市建設進程，保證《奧運行動規劃》中各項建設和發展目標的實現，廣泛吸引社會資本進入城市基礎設施領域，解決大規模集中建設時期資金供需矛盾，消除行政性壟斷和國有資本壟斷造成的效率低下和資源浪費，降低基礎設施建設和運營成本，減輕政府財政補貼負擔，為廣大市民提供更優質的公共產品和服務，這些都要求北京市城市基礎設施投融資體制進行徹底地改革。
  18. In the first chapter, this paper define the loan behavior of commercial banks as some kind of contract under the market condition, then provides its five premises. furthermore, it performs a academic deduction econometrically by a monopolized market structure model, in terms of both free interest rate and constricted interested rate, from which conclusion is drawn that, also proved by loan rationing theory in various aspects, if there is complete information, loan contract will be helpful to transfer risks. chapter 2 is concentrated on china ' s stated - owned commercial banks

    本文首先對商業銀行信貸行為進行界定，認為商業銀行的信貸行為是市場化的合約行為，並提出了市場化合約行為的五大前提條件，並通過構建壟斷型市場結構下在利率受到限制與利率不受限制條件下商業銀行信貸行為的理論模型對市場化信貸行為進行數學上的推導、分析，得出在利率限制條件下商業銀行與企業之間具有完全信息時，信貸合約是有轉嫁風險的行為，以及利率限制條件下商業銀行與企業之間具有不對稱信息和利率不限制條件下商業銀行與企業之間具有不對稱信息時的各種情況。
  19. On the one hand, the industrial organizational optimum and the industrial intensivism is the result of enterprises " self - organization, in the process of pursuing profits, under the regulation of " the invisible hand ", enterprises continually enlarge their scale, enhance efficiency and promote the concentration of production. moreover they harmonize their relations through building big corporations and establishing long - term dealing relation ; on the other hand, the relations between enterprises of one certain industry, namely, industrial organization may be optimum ( as available competition ), may be not ( as excessive competition and high monopoly )

    一方面，產業組織優化和產業集約發展是企業自組織的結果，企業追求自身利益的過程中，在「看不見的手」的調節下不斷擴大企業規模，提高效率，推動著生產的集中，並通過組建企業集團或通過企業間確立長期交易關系協調了企業間關系；另一方面，由企業自組織力量推動形成的特定產業中的企業與企業間的關系，即產業組織，可能是優化的（如有效競爭） ，也可能是劣化的（如過度競爭和高度壟斷） 。
  20. The infrastructure supply in our country has been monopolized by the government for a long time, which resulting in shortage of infrastructure, low efficiency, and heavy financial burden

    我國基礎設施長期由政府壟斷供給，不僅造成基礎設施數量不足，運作效率低下，而且使國家財政不堪重負。
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