壽命變種 的英文怎麼說

Through the experimental research, we think : the technological capacity of fiberglass asphalt macadam if weaker than asphalt macadam, however, if use elasticized capacity to solve blending technological problem. adjust the breed of fiber silk, extend its diameter, its paving capacity is still worth exploring, asphalt - rubber macadam structure lager have good deformed - become capacity and crazed - resistance capacity, small gap rate. good water - resistance capacity, good hot - stability and simple construction technology. therefore. pitch rubber spall is a good cover material which is suitable for the second class or lower whose asphalt pavement has split open because of fatigue. and is the good structural measure of preventing half - rigidity grass - roots unit shrink - rift reflecting. pave a thin layer of pitch rubber spall between asphalt - type pavement layer and half - rigidity basic level, although the cost of building is higher than paving togongbu in the middle, the construction technology, crazing - resistance and water - resistance are better than togongbu, not only could reduce greatly the reflex of half - rigidity grass - roots unit material, long then the use lifespan of pavement, but also it is possible to reduce suitably the thickness of asphalt mixture layer, though the cast of building in the early days becomes more, in the long - term opinion, it have fully important technological and economical significance

通過試驗研究認為：玻璃纖維瀝青碎石的技術性能不如瀝青碎石好，但路用彈性性能較好，如能解決拌和工藝問題，調整纖維絲的品種，增大其直徑，其路用性能仍值得探討，瀝青橡膠碎石結構層具有變形性能和抗裂性能良好，空隙率小，防水性能好，熱穩定性較好，施工工藝簡單的特點，因此，瀝青橡膠碎石是二級及二級以下公路因疲勞而開裂的瀝青路面的良好罩面材料，也是防止半剛性基層收縮裂縫反射的良好結構措施，在瀝青類路面面層和半剛性基層之間夾鋪瀝青橡膠碎石薄層，雖然造價比夾鋪土工布高，但其施工工藝，抗裂性能和防水性能均優于土工布，不僅可以大大減少半剛性基層材料的反射裂縫，延長路面使用壽命，而且可能適當減薄瀝青混合料面層的厚度，雖然初期造價有所增加，從長遠來看，具有十分重要的技術和經濟意義。

The working lives of this sort of mechanism are all awfully short, and most of them are used only once, such as the actuating mechanisms of missiles and fish torpedoes

然而，有一種機械傳動機構，它們不承擔交變載荷或只承擔短期交變載荷，它們的工作壽命很短，有的使用一次就不再使用。如導彈、魚雷等武器的傳動機構。

A new prestressed bowshaped structure strain multiplier was designed to solve problem which strain amplitude is much lower than the threshold of fatigue life gage, and this strain multiplier take the advantages of entire structure, lower stiffness, good reliability and convenience to use

設計出一種弓形預應力結構應變倍增器，解決了橋梁應變幅值遠遠低於疲勞壽命計門檻值這一關鍵問題，此倍增器具有整體性強、剛度低、可靠性好、使用方便等優點。

The reason to cause this phenomenon is due to the change of electric field in the blue oled to induce the probality of the carrier shifted and the hole - electron recombination zone changed, which was a possible alternative to achieve color display. 3 ) device with the structure of ito / npb / adn : balq3 / alq3 / mg : ag was fabricated. when the balq3 dopant concentration was about 25 mol %, a high performance devcie with luminous efficiency of 1. 0 lm / w, the peak of emission spectrum at 440 nm, the cie coordinate at ( 0. 18, 0. 15 ), and half lifetime of unencapsulated device about 950 hrs was achieved

導致本現象的原因是由於各有機層電場強度的變化影響了空穴和電子的隧穿幾率，從而導致載流子的復合區域發生改變而發出不同顏色的光; 3 ）制備了結構為ito / npb / adn : balq3 / alq3 / mg : ag的藍光oled ，空穴阻擋材料balq3的摻入顯著影響了oled的光電性能，當balq3的摻雜濃度為25mol %時， oled的發光效率為1 . 0lm / w ，發光光譜的峰值為440nm ，色純度為（ 0 . 18 ， 0 . 15 ） ，未封裝器件的半衰期達到了950小時; 4 ）在藍光材料adn中摻雜npb 、 balq3和tbp三種材料時，不僅改善了器件的發光亮度和色純度，而且提高了器件的發光效率和壽命。

Most existing constitutive models do not take into account the interactions between different phases of pearlitic steel and cannot illustrate why such kind of materials has excerllent mechanical properties. it is, therefore, necessary to develop a new method, which can describe the macroscopic behavior, damage and failure of the materials and their micro structural dependence. in this paper, based on a non - classical theory of plasticity and the continuum damage mechanics, a damage evolution based on an ellipsoidal void model for mixed hardening materials is obtained

已有的關于珠光體鋼的本構模型多難以考慮珠光體材料的微結構及其相互作用，難以解釋珠光體材料何以具有較好的綜合力學性能，因此有必要發展一種多層次的細觀力學分析方法以研究此材料在復雜加載條件下計及微結構特徵的宏觀響應特性，使材料的強度、疲勞壽命的預測與其微結構及各組成相的損傷及微觀應力應變演化規律聯系起來，進而為材料微結構的設計提供依據。

The existed material fatigue performance test curves are dealt with and analyzed, and the non - dimensional stress - strain curve, tangent modulus factor curve and fatigue life curve are drawn based on the experiment data, and these three non - dimensional parameter curves are used to find the inherent rules that the test curves can be replaced each other to some extent. it can be concluded that if the common character and system error of these materials are found, the test curve of a certain material can be used for reference by another material. this is a simple approach about fatigue life estimate and is engineering practical

對已有的材料力學疲勞性能試驗曲線進行分析整理，利用試驗數據繪制了相對應力應變曲線、切線模量因子曲線和疲勞壽命曲線，利用這三種無量綱參數曲線發現了其中存在的規律性，即在某種程度上實驗曲線可以互相取代，並用試驗數據對此進行了討論，並由此推斷，如果找出材料彼此的共性或彼此之間的系統誤差就可以將一種材料的試驗曲線供其它材料參考使用，這是一種估算材料的疲勞壽命的簡便方法，對工程而言具有實用性。

The bisonc burnup library is replaced to facilitate the computation of the burnup process with complicated burnup chains. we have made and evaluated the new library ( hendl ) which contains 139 kinds of nuclides with 175 groups for neutron and 42 groups for gamma, 15 kinds of neutron reactions and p0 - p5 expansion. the revised code which we call bus - id is more adaptable to the computation of hybrid reactor for its fuel breeding and the transmutation of the hlw

並且在一維輸運及燃耗計算程序bisonc的基礎上，提出用新的數據庫（ hendl ）代替原有的bisonc數據庫， hendl庫考慮了更加全面的燃耗過程和多種燃料循環方式，通過修正讀入的核截面數據庫中的參數，考慮共振自屏效應，製作並且評估了新的含有139種核素、多種反應截面、 175群中子42群光子、 p _ 0 - p _ 5展開的中子反應數據庫，開發出新的程序bus - 1d ，使得更能適應聚變?裂變混合堆的燃料增殖、高放長壽命核廢料（ hlw ）的嬗變等計算的要求。

The effect of compound casting technology and compound modification on the properties of high speed steel roll collar was studied. the results showed that compound high speed steel roll collar with high and even hardness and good bond between outer and inner layers could be gained when the modified colbalt free high speed steel in outer layer and nodular iron inner layer in connection with appropriate rotational speed of centrifugal machine, pertinent pouring interval between two kinds of the melt and moderate pouring temperature as well as surface induction heat treatment were chosen. it is indicated in industrial use that the service life of compound roll collar is higher by 5 times than that of high chromium cast iron collar

研究了離心復合鑄造工藝和復合變質處理對高速鋼輥環性能的影響，結果表明，選用變質高碳無鈷高速鋼作外層，用球鐵作內層，選擇合適的離心機轉速、兩種金屬熔液澆注間隔時間和澆注溫度，結合採用表面感應熱處理工藝，可獲得硬度高、均勻性好、內外層結合良好的高速鋼復合輥環，用於工業生產其使用壽命比高鉻鑄鐵輥環提高5倍以上。

Engine and performance : two stroke air cooling engine, powerful ; key parts imported, reliable and durable ; excellent start - up performance of no less than three times ' drawing, easy and convenient to operate ; chain wheel drive, minimum power loss ; constantly variable speed and disk brake guarantee your safety

動力性能：風冷二沖程發動機，功率強大，多種進口件組裝，性能穩定可靠，壽命長；優異的啟動性能，保證您不超過三次拉動，即可啟動發動機；採用無級變速裝置及性能優良的碟剎系統，使整車運行安全可靠，操縱方便；鏈式傳動，令功率損失減至最小。

Sg 10 series transformer is harmless to environment, it is disassembled easily when useful life is end, the conduct material and core can be recycled, when protect environment well

對環境無害。當該種變壓器的有效壽命結束時，可方便地對其進行拆卸，並將導電材料連同鐵心一起回收，真正做到環保。

These stud " can be concluded as following : on the basis of the bhw - 35 steel p - s - n curve and its da ' dn growth law the method of low - cycle fatigue life evaluation of 401 t / h boiler was proposed. and a mechanics model was suggested for calculating the stress of internal pressure suffering elbow. with the elbow fatigue test, a method of evaluation the fatigue growth life of pressure suffering elbow is recommended ; and the elementary use of damage mechanics on the fatigue life evaluation of the boiler drum

本文創新點為：在bhw - 35鋼的p ? s ? n曲線及da / dn擴展規律的試驗研究基礎上，提出了410t / h鍋爐汽包的低周疲勞壽命分析與預測方法；建立了一種橢圓截面變厚度彎管承受內壓時的應力計算力學模型，通過壓力彎管的疲勞試驗，本文推薦其低周疲勞擴展壽命預測方法；將損傷力學應用到鍋爐汽包疲勞壽命預測做了初步的探索。

A transport specialist wrote a report in 1946 on the future of the trams : " for reasons of the unusual features in hong kong, of the short - haul, highly peaked traffic, the ability of the tramway cars to carry excessive loads, good maintenance in all departments, and the very considerable value and long remaining life of existing assets, i do not recommend any change from tramway operation for many years to come.

曾經有一位交通工具專家於1946年就電車的未來發展撰寫一份報告：香港電車集多種特色於一身，能在交通繁忙時段發揮短途運輸的功能，運載大量乘客，電車服務各個范疇均運作良好，而且現有資產仍具可觀價值和極長的使用壽命。因此，我認為未來多年電車也不需要改變營運模式。對此我們深表贊同。

With the acceleration of extinction of species, biodiversity conservation is extensively concerned. the extinction of species is concerned with the degree of threat by biotic and abiotic factors. so, taking action to preserve plant species is very necessary and paramount before their extinction. one of the most effective biological techniques to conserve the biodiversity is the establishment of genebanks, i. e. ex situ conservation. the elucidation of various factors that regulate seed viability and vigor in storage is essential. an ideal condition to prolong the longevity is mainly depended on seed water content, temperature, humidity and types of containers used during storage. the optimum stage of seed maturity, harvesting techniques and processing, in addition to physiological features such as degree of dormancy, also play key roles in seed storage. certainly, desiccated seeds deteriorate with time even under extremely good genebanking conditions. according to seed storage behavior, it is necessary to consider three principal factors : storage environment, storage duration and plant species which will affect seed survival under good genebanking conditions. the present review is an attempt to discuss the importance of the aforementioned aspects of seeds in detail in order to conserve plant germplasms ( especially wild rare and endangered plants ) for ex situ conservation through seed - gene bank

一個物種的滅絕是與其受生物因子和非生物因子的威脅程度相關的.隨著物種的加速絕滅，保護生物多樣性受到廣泛地關注.保護生物多樣性的最有效的生物技術之一是建立種子基因庫，進行遷地保護.種子庫理想的貯藏條件主要取決于種子含水量、貯藏環境（如溫度和濕度）和貯存種子的容器.進行種子貯藏，了解種子生命力和活力的影響因子的作用機理是十分重要和必要的.除了種子自身的生理特徵外，種子的貯藏壽命與種子成熟度、收獲技術、加工處理方法也是息息相關的.即使在最適的庫存條件下，種子也會隨時間發生劣變.因此，必須根據種子特定的貯藏行為，加以考慮影響種子存活的3個主要方面（貯藏環境、貯藏期和植物種類）而選擇有效的貯藏方案.本文試圖討論種子貯藏生理的幾個重要方面及其需解決的技術問題，以便更好地通過種子基因庫，長期有效地保存植物種質資源

With the rapid development of special transmission technology, there are more strict demands of load equipment in modern industry. such as, reliability, longevity, efficiency, load, and so on

隨著特種傳動技術的日益發展，現代工業對加載裝置的靈敏度、可靠性、使用壽命、效率、載荷變化等諸多方面提出了更高的要求。

In terms of economization, it is important to know how to apply these fresh thinking and exert the potential of the new system. this article is based on the existed hvac cooled water system, aiming at the design problems encountered during design process, further bringing out a set of optimum system design method by inducing the concept of the lcc ( life circle cost ) of the water system. according to this method, we can realize overall hydraulic balance without increasing lcc, thus establish the base for high efficiency and economization

本文在國內外空調冷水變流量系統的研究成果基礎上，針對國內空調冷水系統設計方面存在的不足，對空調冷水系統的優化設計方法做了進一步的研究，將壽命周期費用的概念引入到空調冷水系統設計中去，提出了一種簡單可行的設計方法，根據這種設計方法，能使空調冷水系統在不增加壽命周期費用的基礎上，實現系統全面的水力平衡，為空調冷水系統高效、節能運行奠定了基礎。

Energy estimating approach of fatigue crack initiation life for welded steel structures is obtained by using molski - glinka energy density equation, introducing the worst - case fatigue notch factor, and considering the effects of residual stress on fatigue

本文採用應力應變能密度的molski - glinka方程，建立了一種預測焊接鋼結構疲勞裂紋形成壽命的能量方法。該方法引入了極值疲勞切口系數，並考慮了焊接殘余應力對裂紋形成壽命的影響。

Specimens ’ cracking load under dead - load, fatigue failure characteristic, fatigue life, deflection of span - centre, fatigue flexural rigidity, maximal crack width, development of cracks and strain of concrete and steel bars have been investigated. the influence of fatigue cycle characteristic, ratio of reinforcement, kinds of aggregate and concrete compressive strength on the specimens ’ fatigue behavior has been also investigated

對試件的靜載下開裂荷載、疲勞破壞特徵、疲勞壽命、疲勞荷載作用下的跨中撓度、截面疲勞抗彎剛度、裂縫開展情況及最大裂縫寬度、鋼筋及混凝土在循環荷載作用下應變等內容進行了研究，分析了疲勞循環特徵值、縱筋配筋率、骨料種類、混凝土抗壓強度等因素對試件疲勞性能的影響。

And the finite element method ( fem ) was used to simulate the stress and deformation of the outer casing and the bearing chock. on the basis of the experiments and fem analysis, the strength and fatigue lifetime, the interaction of creep and fatigue lifetime, the creep lifetime of outer casing and bearing chock have been analyzed, at the end of trail, sem analyses of failure section has been conducted

同時對航空發動機燃氣渦輪外機匣和軸承座進行了有限元模擬計算，得到外機匣和軸承座的焊接處的強度和變形情況的模擬結果。根據試驗數據和有限元的計算結果，對發動機燃燒室外機匣和軸承座兩種結構（包含焊縫）進行靜強度分析、疲勞壽命分析、蠕變壽命分析、蠕變疲勞交互作用壽命分析以及斷口的金相分析。

After briefly describing the damage mechanism of electromigration, noises theories and signal processing methods, many kinds of experimental assessing methods of electromigration, such as the traditional mtf test, the test of changes of resistance and noise measurement, etc., are reviewed in this paper, and its research on the technology of noises detection has been studied emphatically

本論文在簡要介紹電遷移失效機理、噪聲理論和1 / f信號表徵方法的基礎上，對各種電遷移可靠性實驗評估方法（傳統的壽命測試法、電阻變化測量法、噪聲測量法）的特點作了分析對比。重點研究了vlsi金屬互連電遷移噪聲檢測技術。

Abstract : the forced state in key parts and their lifetime, the volume of high pressure chamber and ratio of pressure, the length of high pressure stroke and pressure stability, the relations between the deformation of high pressure chamber and temperature field and pressure field for three kinds of apparatus of making synthetic diamond under high pressure and high temperature were compared in this paper. the differences of these main apparatus were analyzed according to the degree of difficulty and ease in the technique, the choice of applicability and the cost and yield of them. it was emphasized that studying and developing the large sized belt - type press should be the way to make high quality saw diamond and change the state of making middle and low quality diamond in the diamond industry of our country, catching up with the international advanced level as well

文摘:通過對高溫高壓合成金剛石3種主要裝備在關鍵部件受力狀況與使用壽命、高壓腔體積與壓力利用率、高壓沖程大小與壓力穩定性，高壓腔變形與溫場、壓場的關系等方面的比較，分析了3種主要裝備在技術難易程度、適用性選擇和投入產出比的差異；強調了我國金剛石行業要改變當前只能生產中低檔金剛石的現狀，向生產高品級鋸片級金剛石的方向發展，與國際接軌，應該走大型化兩面頂的道路。