寄主反應 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jìzhǔfǎnyīng]
寄主反應
英文
reaction of host-
Adults will visit flowers, mating and find hostplant aristolochia kaempferi after eclosion. the active time of adults is from 9 : 00 a. m. to 18 : 00 p. m.,
雌蝶羽化后就近訪花、交尾，尋找寄主植物馬兜鈴產卵、雌蟲孕卵量為18 - 20粒；飛行緩慢，反應遲鈍，相對容易捕捉。Based on the host reaction and cluster analysis of disease severity, the 57 isolates of venturia inaequalis could be divided into three categories : strong ( pathotype ), intermediate ( pathotype ) and weak pathogenicity ( pathotype ) respectively
根據寄主對病菌的反應類型並結合病害嚴重度的聚類分析結果，可將57株蘋果黑星病菌菌株劃分為3個類群：強致病力型、中等致病力型、弱致病力型。Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映Lovrin 10 and cv. 5389. by using this system, following questions were investigated : the change of the pattern of microtubules when treated with iwf ; the change of cytosolic calcium levels in the protoplasts when treated with iwf and the influence of microtubule depolymerization prior to iwf treatment on the levels of cytosolic calcium
試驗的目的是以激發子?原生質體簡化試驗系統來模擬葉銹菌侵染小麥葉片的互作體系，探討激發子刺激后寄主植物微管骨架的動態變化及胞內ca ~ （ 2 + ）水平的變化規律，為進一步探討激發子誘導防衛反應的信號轉導途徑奠定基礎。Taxis responses of three oriental fruit fly bactrocera dorsalis hendel populations to the odors of three host fruits
桔小實蠅對寄主水果氣味的趨向反應測試Some bacteria also secrete proteins that are toxic for the host ， leading to mild effects such as diarrhea ， or to fatal effects
有些細菌還會分泌對寄主有毒的蛋白質導致輕度反應如腹瀉，重則會致命。Different hosts " response suggested that tumv - sd1 could infect plants of 10 species in 3 families. tumv - sd1 formed pine - wheel inclusion bodies in plant cells. the coat protein of the tumv - sd1 contains 3 components whose estimated molecular weight are 45kd, 38kd and 14kd respectively
寄主反應特性表明， tumv - sd1 6能侵染3科10種植物， tumv - sd1在寄主細胞內形成風輪狀內含體，外殼蛋白為3組分，分子量分別為45kd 、 38kd和14kd ；提純的病毒粒體為長線條狀。Response of the red turpentine beetle, dendroctonus valens leconte coleoptera : scolytidae to host semiochemicals and its implication in management
外來入侵害蟲紅脂大小蠹對寄主揮發物的反應Besides from the above - mentioned typical characters of hypersensitive reaction, the host cells also produced defense structure in cell walls and secondary metabolic materials
除了上述典型的過敏性壞死反應特徵以外，寄主細胞還產生了細胞壁防禦結構和次生物質。分享友人