實在際法 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shízàijìfǎ]
實在際法
英文
positive international law-
The public holds the president accountable for the success or failure of the entire administration, including its legislative program, despite the great constitutional and institutional limitations upon his actual powers.
雖然總統的實際權力，在憲法上和制度上有極大限制，但全國人民認為他的政府的成敗，包括他的立法計劃的成敗，全由總統負責。During the six - week experiment, the control class was taught in traditional grammar - translation method ; however, the experimental class was treated with clt
在為期六周的教學實驗中，對控制班實行傳統的語法翻譯法，實驗班則採用交際法。In spite of their unitarian proclivities and their masks of conservative broadmindedness, they were two generations behind interpretative science : their mental processes were mediaeval, while their thinking on the ultimate data of existence and of the universe struck him as the same metaphysical method that was as young as the youngest race, as old as the cave - man, and older - the same that moved the first pleistocene ape - man to fear the dark ; that moved the first hasty hebrew savage to incarnate eve from adam s rib ; that moved descartes to build an idealistic system of the universe out of the projections of his own puny ego ; and that moved the famous british ecclesiastic to denounce evolution in satire so scathing as to win immediate applause and leave his name a notorious scrawl on the page of history
盡管他們傾向于唯一神教，戴了一副具有保守開明思想的面具，實際上他們已落後于解釋世界的科學兩代之久。他們的思想還處在中世紀階段。同時，他也感到，他們看待生命和宇宙的終極事實的方法還是形而上學的，那種看法阻地球上最年輕的種族的看法一樣幼稚也跟穴居人的看法一樣古老，甚至更古老那看法使第一個更新世的猿人害怕黑暗使第一個匆促的希伯來野蠻人用亞當的肋骨造成了夏娃使笛卡爾通過反射渺小的自我建立了唯心主義的宇宙體系使那有名的英格蘭傳教士用尖刻的諷刺來譴責進化論，並立即博得了喝彩，從而在歷史的篇章里草草留下了一個臭名。Hydraulic control system of double - cylinder vessel gate is a sort of typical electrohydraulic proportional control system0 in order to study electrohydraulic flux control characteristics of this system, i have analyzed the principle of this hydraulic control system, and made its mathematics model ? in double - cylinder hydraulic system, it is necessary to process electric synchronous control in this hydraulic system, this paper also introduces a sort of fnn ameliorated from the point of view of intelligent control theory, and clarifies the principle of applying that network to achieve synchronous controlo at the same time, the means of fuzzy configuration analysis is used for network training, the comparative experiments make known that the method of applying fnn to realize synchronization control is feasible, furthermore, its effect is better than others0 this paper puts forward that a distributed control system can be used to monitor and control vessel gate within a real - time or remote distance, the basic project, structure, applications and functions of computerized scada system in hydraulic system of vessel gate is introduced ? a double layer network structure, epigynous and hypogynous machine network, is applied to this system, in accord with the application of technique such as plc, integrated software etc, this paper introduces the methods and application to achieve the computerized scada system in the task, and analyzes the characteristic of this system, in this paper, the application of configuration in monitor and control system of vessel gate is discussedo in addition, in accord with the application of technique such as visual basicb
雙缸船閘液壓啟閉控制系統要求解決同步控制問題，文中從智能控制理論角度出發，採用了一種改進的模糊神經網路，結合模糊聚類分析方法，闡述了應用該網路實現同步控制的原理。通過對比模擬實驗表明：應用模糊補經網路實現同步控制是可行的，而且它的同步控制效果要優于傳統的設置主從令缸控制方法，具有良好的魯棒性能。另外，本文提出了建立船閘控制系統的分散式控制系統，介紹了船閘液壓控制系統的計算機監控系統（ scada ）的方案、結構、應用和主要功能，採用雙層網路化結構：上位機網路和下位機網路，並結合plc通信網路技術和組態軟體等技術構成的計算機監控系統的實現方法，實際應用，分析了這種較新的系統模式在船閘液壓控制系統的計算機監控系統的功能實現中所具有的特點。The difference of litigation model between two families of law makes a distinction between expert witness and lay witness in the fields of service target, dispatch, impanel and nature standing in litigation ; the second chapter of article surveys the problems arising from expert system practice and actual application of expert witness in judicial practice, and demonstrates the existing condition and necessity of setting up expert witness in our country ; the third chapter of article builds up them in the regards of subject of expert witness, qualification, launch, impanel and adoption of expert ’ comments
而兩大法系訴訟模式的差異，使專家證人與鑒定人在服務對象、啟動和選任以及在訴訟中的性質地位上存在較大的區別;本文第二章考察我國鑒定製度在運行過程中產生的問題和專家證人在司法實踐中實際運用，論證我國確立專家證人存在的現實基礎和必要性;本文第三章，從專家證人的主體、資格、啟動和選任及專家意見的可采性等方面進行了構建。Genichi taguchi ' s robust parameter design is a kind of design method of product quality in industry, this paper analyses parameter design ' s disadvantages, as well as the corresponding improvement technologies and alternative methods, so as to make the parameter design ' s researchers and practicians to hold the basic principles and realization methods of parameter design more properly and completely, and to exert parameter design ' s effects in reducing variations in products and processes. the main contributions of this paper are described as follow : 1
田口的穩健參數設計是廣泛應用於工業中的產品質量設計的方法，本文通過分析參數設計中存在的弊端，以及人們對此提出的改進技術和替代方法，使得參數設計的研究人員和實際應用者在此基礎上，能夠更加準確和完整的把握參數設計的基本思想及實現方法，充分發揮參數設計減少產品（生產工序）變差的功效。The implementation of this system for more man ten years clearly shows that the multi - channel institution of retrial does not produce the desired effects. the present retrial system modelled itself mainly on that of the former soviet union, its operation in china gives rise to more state intervention than individual disposal, more layman recognised truth than truth recognised by law, seeking justice in substantial law more than legal procedure, and finally brings about " numerous applicants, unlimited lapse of time, high frequency, confused jurisdiction, unmethodical causes of action "
現行民訴法實施十多年的司法實踐表明發動再審程序主體的多元性並沒有產生預期的效果，由於現行的民事再審主要是參照前蘇聯模式，在再審程序的啟動上，強調國家干預權，忽視當事人處分權；在事實認定上，追求客觀真實，忽視法律真實；在糾錯上，注重實體公正，忽視程序公正；從而導致在實際操作中出現了啟動再審的「主體無限、時間無限、次數無限、審級無限、理由或條件無限」的不良現象。Libya has indeed taken measures to unshackle its economy
利比亞實際上正在設法解放生產力。Through the approach of investigative questionnaire and ability examination, considering both teachers " teaching practice in senior high school and students " need in analyzing and resolving problem, taking the method of fixing the quality and quantity, we make a demonstration research. at last, we draw a conclusion that the 19 manifestations of chemistry ability can be reduced to three levels : the basal level, called repeating thinking, includes distinguishing and judging the chemical fact and relations of quantity in chemical reaction, comparing and summarizing the chemistry fundamental knowledge ; innovative thinking level includes illogical thinking and logical thinking. illogical thinking mainly contains intuition, association and space imagination of micro - particle
通過調查問卷、能力測試等途徑，結合教師在中學化學的教學實踐和學生在分析、解決問題的實際需要，採用定性與定量結合的方法，進行實證研究，得出結論：化學學科能力的19種表現形式歸納為3個層次：最基礎的再造性思維能力層次包括對化學事實和化學反應中量的關系的識別和判斷、對化學基礎知識的比較概括；以培養創新能力為核心的創造性思維層次包括化學直覺思維、聯想、對微觀粒子的空間想象為主的非邏輯思維和靈活運用已學的化學知識通過分析、綜合地解決問題為主的邏輯思維；化學實驗能力層次是化學學科能力的最高層次，它以思維能力為基礎，集中體現了化學教學的基本特徵，實驗能力層次包括：選用實驗方法和設計實驗方案，對實驗的評價，研究和處理實驗事實、資料、數據，發現規律，表達實驗及其結果，最終解決問題的能力和發散思維。In china, the concept and system of judge profession guarantee are still very weak. so the author advocates that the international common practice that are beneficiary to judicial indepen dence and justice and not prohibited by the present chinese law should be absorbed in and give them binding power and make it the aim of the construction judge profession guarantee
在我國，法官職業保障的意識和制度都較薄弱，因此筆者主張凡是有利於實現司法獨立與公正、凡是不為現行憲法所禁止的國際通行標準都應吸收進來，賦與其剛性的約束力，以此作為我國法官職業保障制度的建設目標。Furthermore, this paper concrete the beigc model in combination with the fact of china grain reserves corporation. after the detailed analyzing, this paper bring forth the instantiation of beigc model, which are developed in financial subsystem of cgc erp, and also put forward the technique it employed
進一步，本文將beigc模型與中儲糧集團公司的具體實際相結合，對模型進行了具體的分析設計，並給出了在中儲糧集團公司erp的財務子系統中，模型的實現方法和採用的技術。The reform scheme of no. 1 boiler in fengtai company is confirmed on the basis of cold / hot tests, theoretical discussions and calculations. in the process of field retrofit, it is indicated in the operation of the improved furnace that without the change of furnace structure, the transform of the burner angle has shrunk the tangential diameter and prevented flames burning on furnace walls, and the burning state of furnace has been bettered, simultaneously, lowering the slagging wi in furnace, thus laying sol id foundation for the safe and economic operation of generating units. wuyanrong ( power plant thermal power engineering ) directed by prof
本論文通過冷、熱態試驗，經過論證和計算，確定了豐泰公司~ # 1爐燃燒器的改造方案，並進行了現場改造，改造后實際運行狀況表明：在無法改變爐膛結構的情況下，改變燃燒器角度，縮小切圓直徑，使火焰不貼壁，改善了爐內燃燒工況，同時降低了鍋爐結渣的程度，為機組的安全經濟運行奠定了必要的技術基礎。So it is necessa1y to studyil1g deeply of natiol1al appropriative opefation information network security under tl1e studying of security system principle w1ich is universal relation, aj1d tl1e real circumstances of such nets of naoin, this tl1esis advances a secllrity demand al1d tactics to meet the naoin. lt laid special stress on sttlciyi11g basic principle and technology of pkl / ca ( public key infi ' astructlire / certificatiol1 autllority ), and tl1e way wliich cai1 be used i11 naoin. and it dctailed discuss tl1e way that would be coming tttie in u1e tra1sfornlil1g believable cl1viro11mel1t of inner naoin, wllich is using parca tech11ique
本文通過對普遍適用的安全體系原理及國家專用業務信息網這類特定信息系統的實際情況的研究，提出滿足國家專用業務信息網的安全需求和安全策略；重點研究了pki ca的基本原理和技術，及其在國家專用業務信息網中的實現方法，詳細論述了利用pki ca技術改造本單位專用業務信息網的可信任環境的實現方法；最後對基於ca的pmi （授權管理基礎設施）及其與pki的關系進行了探討。On the background of globalization of economy, the action of restricting competition is rising increasingly in the world, which severely obstruct liberalization of trade and investment while world trade liberalization pace speed up. in view of authoritative competition regulation which regulate enterprises ’ internationally restricting competition action have not set up yet, most countries adopt the extraterritorial application of anti - monopoly law to prevent international monopoly effectively, with a purpose to protect the domestic market to develop healthily and orderly. by exploring the fundamental problems in extraterritorial application of anti - monopoly law and theoretical and practical experience of all countries in the world, the thesis further discusses the mode of our country in the field
本文分四部分對反壟斷法的域外適用問題進行說明:文章首先從反壟斷法域外適用的基本問題入手，介紹反壟斷法域外適用問題的產生及其必然性，簡要描述國際法協會紐約年會上所確認的三種反壟斷法域外適用理論依據的涵義、內容及彼此之間的區別;其次對美國、歐盟在反壟斷法域外適用方面的實踐進行優缺評析，指出設置反壟斷法的域外適用條款已經成為世界反壟斷立法的普遍趨勢;然後論述反壟斷法域外適用過程中產生的沖突及對沖突進行協調的方法;最後對我國反壟斷法域外適用應採用的模式進行探討，說明我國設立反壟斷法域外適用制度的必然性和總體思路，明確我國反壟斷法域外適用制度應包括的內容以及保障域外適用制度順利實施所應建立的配套機構。By analyzing the reason of china ' s 23 veto castings, it can conclude that china ' s veto castings inevitably represent her national interests, moreover, to enable the problems to be settled fairly, reasonably and effectively under the direction of the un. china always combines the national interests and the interests of international society in an organic way to keep her words, " since china takes part in the un, china must handle everything in accordance with the principle " this serious and discreet attitude towards the right of veto makes striking contrast against some great powers " way of using veto casings like waving the stick wantonly, and establishes the image of a responsible permanent member of the security council keeping to the aim and principle of un charter and international laws
通過分析中國恢復聯合國合法席位以來的23次否決權使用記錄，可以看到中國的否決權行使雖然仍是以維護本國利益為根本出發點，但為了使相關問題能在聯合國的框架內得到公正、合理、有效的解決，中國總是努力把自己的個體利益與國際社會的普遍利益有機結合起來，以實踐「中國既然參加聯合國的工作，就要按原則辦事」的諾言，這種嚴肅與慎重的態度與一些大國置自身義務于不顧，肆意揮舞否決權大棒的行為形成了鮮明對比，體現了一個恪守《聯合國憲章》與國際法基本準則的，負責任的安理會常任理事國形象。In civil law theory, civil legislation and civil judicial practice, joint obligation and joint liability are often hard to distinguish from each other
摘要在民法理論、民事立法和民事司法實際工作中，連帶債務和連帶責任往往被混為一談。Under the comprehensive guidance of theories of sociology and law science, the dissertation, adopting the research methods of historic analysis, comparative " analysis and positive analysis, and basing on the research of the s ystem of probationary suspension, the author in this essay points out faults of the current system of probationary suspension in china in legislation and judicature, and basing on the factual condition of china, the author conceives some meager but brave plans to perfect the system of probationary suspension in china
反思缺陷並完善我國緩刑制度已是當務之急。本文綜合運用社會學和法學理論，採用歷史分析、比較分析和實證分析等研究方法，通過對緩刑制度的研究，指出了中國現行緩刑制度在立法上及司法實踐中的弊端，並以此為基礎，結合中國的實際國情，就中國緩制度的完善提出了一些淺陋而大膽的構想。Article 24 as regards the dividends, bonuses and other equity investment gains earned outside the territory of china by a resident enterprise from a foreign enterprise which it controls directly or indirectly, the portion of income tax on this income paid outside the territory of china by the foreign enterprise the territory of china may be treated as the allowable tax credit of the resident enterprise ' s overseas income tax amount and be deducted within the limit of tax credit as provided for in article 23 of the present law
第二十四條居民企業從其直接或者間接控制的外國企業分得的來源於中國境外的股息、紅利等權益性投資收益，外國企業在境外實際繳納的所得稅稅額中屬于該項所得負擔的部分，可以作為該居民企業的可抵免境外所得稅稅額，在本法第二十三條規定的抵免限額內抵免。It directly affects the engine ' s working reliability whether it ' s good or not. according to the past method, piston can only be decided whether it meets the need of engineering in test after it has been turn out. this paper simulates the real working condition of piston by combining the ked method and fe - contact analysis way. it reflects deforming rule of piston, and makes it possible that the structure problem of piston skirt can only be found during the design period, so the cost of developing new product is lowered and the time is shorted. this paper proves that the thought is practical and the result of simulation to piston lr4100 is in accord with practice
活塞裙部形線是活塞的關鍵結構之一，它的好壞直接影響發動機工作可靠性，以往的判定方法只有在活塞加工完成後，才能通過實驗方法判定設計，能否滿足工程實際的需要，本文通過ked方法與有限元接觸方法的結合，模擬實際活塞工作情況，較為準確的反映出，活塞裙部的變形規律，在設計階段發現活塞裙部的設計結構問題，節省新產品開發成本，縮短開發周期。This explains the higher risks of investment here. i therefore proposed a motion in the legislative council on 3 may calling for the creation of a mechanism for managing the risk of investment in capital raising just mentioned. this capital - raising process in fact puts a heavy burden on professional intermediaries
由見及此，我已於五月三日在立法會提出動議，呼籲有關部門根據香港的實際情況，從速建立對這類融資活動的風險管理機制，因為在這個過程中，專業中介人士實際上擔負著極為沉重的責任。分享友人