寬展作用 的英文怎麼說

Based on the real situation of submarine and antisubmarine warfare ( asw ), according to the classical design theory of transducer or transducer array, a sonar will be researched and made, which has the feature of more wider bandwidth, more lower operating frequency, more lager radiation acoustic power, more farther operating distance, more higher researching efficiency and more higher directive accuracy

本文根據現代潛戰和反潛戰（ asw ）的實際情況，按照經典的換能器和基陣的設計理論，研製聲吶，旨在擴展其頻帶寬度、降低其工作頻率、增大其發射功率、擴大其作用距離以及提高其搜索效率和定向準確度。

The above problems and difficulties could be solved through the following perspectives : attaching great importance to the development of the non - public sectors of the forest economy ; quickening the system innovation and forestry legislation ; cultivating market of living trees ; establishing organizations for evaluating forest resources ; improving the circulating services ; expanding channels of financing ; encouraging the qualified non - public sectors of the forest enterprise to become listed companies ; allowing forest to be mortgaged as assets, guiding the social investment in forestry with the economic leverage ; developing leading enterprises and implementing the operation model of " companies, bases and farmer households " ; and improving the socialized forestry service systems

通過調研，作者認為應從以下幾方面著手解決上述問題：把發展非公有制林業經濟作為今後一個時期林業工作的戰略重點，加快創新機制和林業法律法規的建設；培育活立木市場，建立森林資源評估機構，做好流轉服務工作；拓寬融資管道，鼓勵具備條件的非公有制林業企業上市融資；允許林木資產以抵鉀形式向銀行貨款；運用經濟杠桿作用，引導社會參與投資；培育龍頭企業，實施「公司+基地+農戶」的經營方式；健全林業社會化服務體系。

Venture capital, as an investment impalement to sustain new venture, plays an important role in every sections of economic development, such as hatching innovative enterprise, developing hi - tech industry, opening up occupation market, boosting up occupation opportunity, optimizing resource dispose, cultivating new economic development drop. it had been attached importance by many countries

創業投資作為一種支持創業者創業的投資工具，在孵化創新中小企業、高技術產業發展、拓寬就業市場、增強就業機會、優化資源配置、培育新的經濟增長點等方面發揮了巨大的作用，引起了各國的高度重視。

Being a widely utilized public ip platform, it is susceptible to security attacks of all nature, as outlined in the following areas : the open nature of the ip internet systems - increase of foreign attacks, for example dos / ddos attacks ; the current weakness of the existing operating system ' s internet protocol ; mainframe, and lack of an evaluation standard for back office systems, the inevitable problem of illegal internal access, the lack of guidelines for record keeping and post attack documentation processes, hi addition, still in existence, are managerial problems including the lack of securit y knowledge amongst the workforce and the inexistence of a complete set of security guidelines. to guarantee china telecom ' s 163 / 169 system ' s reliable functions, to protect the user ' s interests, at the same time, insuring quality service, it is necessary to adapt p2dr model as a solution to the current security issues. supported by the modern secure theory and made the secure implementation abundant project practices, this paper gives the general secure design for the chongqing public ip network using p2dr secure model

中國電信建設的公眾ip網對我國internet的發展起著決定性作用，重慶電信163 / 169網際網路是國家骨幹網在本地的延伸，擁有7個核心節點（採用cisco12012 、 2 * 2 . 5gdpt環） ，三十八個匯接節點，能提供寬帶，窄帶多種接入方式的公眾ip網，現擁有近20萬用戶，佔全市網際網路用戶四分之三以上，作為這樣一個擁有眾多用戶，開放的ip平臺，會受到各種各樣的安全威脅，主要表現在ip網路的開放性，來自外部的攻擊增多，如dos / ddos攻擊；所使用的操作系統運行的網路協議自身的脆弱性；主機、網路設備的配置是否缺乏評估手段；不可避免的內部非法訪問；缺乏必要的攻擊審計作為犯罪取證，出此之外，還有管理上的一些問題，如人員安全意識不強，安全制度不夠健全等多方面原因。

With the development of laser techniques, the optical cavity has played an important role on monitoring laser mode, measurement and narrowing of laser linewidth, laser mode cleaner, laser frequency stabilization, optical spectrum and cavity - qed etc., due to its advantages of ultra - low losses, high finesse and narrow linewidth

隨著激光技術的發展，諧振腔由於其腔內損耗小、精細度高、線寬窄等特點，使得其在監視激光模式、測量並壓窄激光線寬、激光模式清潔、激光穩頻、激光光譜學、腔量子電動力學等方面起到重要的作用。

From institution factors and farmer ' s own choice, the paper studies the barriers to the farmers " working in the city, and analyse the mode of farmers " enter to the urban labor market. the innovation of this paper is that : ( 1 ) the paper analyses the lag situation of china ' s urbanziation, and gives objective evaluation on the process of urbanization in china ; ( 2 ) the paper caculates the influence of urbanization lag to employment by t

本文試圖在以下幾個方面取得創新： （ 1 ）將農民進城就業放在城市化過程中考察，探討在目前制度有所放寬條件下，中國農民進城就業的制度性因素的影響作用； （ 2 ）對城市化進程有一個客觀的評價，詳細分析我國城市化水平的滯后發展狀態，並運用計量分析方法測算了城市化滯后對就業崗位及經濟增長的影響作用； （ 3 ）詳細分析並研究農民進城就業個人選擇行為。

The study indicates that self - assembly monolayer membrane of au nanoparticle distributes as sub - monolayer. after au nanoparticles are assembled in multilayer, surface plasma resonance absorption peak got a red shift because of the polarizing effect of the surrounding media and the coupling effect of surface plasma waves between the next au nanoparticles

研究表明au納米粒子的自組裝單層薄膜呈亞單層分佈， au納米粒子組裝到多層復合薄膜中后，由於周圍介質的極化作用以及相鄰au納米粒子間的表面等離子體波的耦合作用，表面等離子共振吸收峰出現紅移和展寬。

According to the working principle of thermo - electrode, we demonstrate the structure of enlarged reflection area and the structure of step broaden waveguide to improve the switch ' s performance and bring down the driving power. according to the fabricating condition of our lab, we proposed simple wet - etching method to fabricate the oversized waveguides and peeling - off method to fabricate the electrode

針對全內反射和熱電極的作用特點，在全內反射型熱光開關的設計中提出了擴大反射區結構和漸變展寬結構，理論模擬和實驗結果表明該方法能有效地提高了開關性能，降低了驅動功率。

This thesis aims at the explanation of the concept and the current situation of boardband communication. various methodologies are implemented such as cultural heritage data method, investigation and visiting method, mathematic statistics method, and contrast - analysis method etc. the introduction of boardband communication development in sichuan cnc co. ( cnc ), which the author functions, will be focused to analyses the markets at home and abroad. the thesis also provides an overall study of the rivals, the competitive capacity and methods of cnc in chengdu in order to accomplish a systematic conclusion towards the improvement of the technology service strategy in cnc

本文運用了文獻資料法、調查訪問法、數理統計法、對比分析法等研究方法，對寬帶通信的概念及其發展現狀做了闡述；對其國內外市場進行分析，重點對筆者就職的四川網通公司的寬帶通信發展情況做了介紹；對在成都這塊激烈競爭市場中的競爭對手及其競爭能力、競爭手段進行了全面分析；就四川網通公司的寬帶通信技術服務質量作用做了系統地探討。

While there are wider public policy issues that are fundamental to the development of these sectors, such as education, the government can also play a major role in the provision of the supporting infrastructure and enabling environment, and also through changes to the relevant regulatory regime based on technology neutrality, facilitation of convergence, and deregulation

雖然有關行業的發展牽涉到如教育等更廣泛層面的公共政策事宜，但政府可從多方面發揮作用，包括提供支援基礎設施和有利行業發展的環境，以及根據科技中立促進匯流和放寬規管的原則，修改有關的規管架構。

First, college or university should set up scientific educational aim ; second, to develop researching on leisure time and build the science of leisure time education ; third, to open up ways of leisure time education and introduce the participation of social institutions ; fourth, to take full advantage of student organization activities and campus internet to improve the quality of college students " leisure time ; fifth, to cultivate instructors of leisure time education and to develop teaching facilities

開展閑暇的科學研究，努力構建閑暇教育學，利用所有可能的渠道進行有關閑暇生活的宣傳和指導； 3拓寬閑暇教育渠道，引導社會結構積極參與； 4發揮學校在閑暇教育中的主體作用，以學生活動和校園網建設為載體，提高大學生閑暇時間行為的品位； 5

Specimens ’ cracking load under dead - load, fatigue failure characteristic, fatigue life, deflection of span - centre, fatigue flexural rigidity, maximal crack width, development of cracks and strain of concrete and steel bars have been investigated. the influence of fatigue cycle characteristic, ratio of reinforcement, kinds of aggregate and concrete compressive strength on the specimens ’ fatigue behavior has been also investigated

對試件的靜載下開裂荷載、疲勞破壞特徵、疲勞壽命、疲勞荷載作用下的跨中撓度、截面疲勞抗彎剛度、裂縫開展情況及最大裂縫寬度、鋼筋及混凝土在循環荷載作用下應變等內容進行了研究，分析了疲勞循環特徵值、縱筋配筋率、骨料種類、混凝土抗壓強度等因素對試件疲勞性能的影響。

Steel fiber scatters stress converging in the area of the top end of tiny cracks, restrict the occurrence and development of cracks, diminishes the width of cracks, and enhances the integrity of concrete with the occurrence of cracks via the effect of felting between concrete and steel fiber, and consequently the strength of concrete that resists compression, tension, and shear force increases obviously, and the capability of concrete that resists compact, and fatigue, and the ductility and durability of fissured concrete improve

鋼纖維削弱了混凝土微裂縫尖端的應力集中、限制並約束裂縫的產生和開展、減小裂縫寬度、尤其是通過粘結作用提高了裂后混凝土的整體性，從而使混凝土的抗拉、抗彎、抗剪強度顯著提高，其抗沖擊、抗疲勞、裂后韌性和耐久性也有較大程度的改善。

At the same time, we show that under a proper nitrogen doping concentration, due to the " concentration quenching " effect, the full spectrum of the nn3 center ( i. e., its zero phonon line and various phonon replicas ) is revealed without the interference from the spectra of other higher energy centers ( especially nn4 - nn6 )

Gapi . xn :的發光譜在低組分下由尖銳的nn 。線及其聲子伴線組成，隨著組分x的提高，這些尖銳的的譜線逐漸展寬，並向低能端移動，在這個過程中，激子的能量傳輸起著重要作用

Their activities in china have widened the bases of sino - american relations, enriched the connotations of bilateral relations, and engendered the conglutinative, elastic and buffer effects strongly and everlastingly helpful to the normal development of u. s. - china relations

私人基金會的對華活動拓寬了美中關系的基礎，豐富了美中關系的內涵，產生了對美中關系正常發展強烈和持久的粘合作用、彈性作用和緩沖作用。

The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level

文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。

In the picosecond and femtosecond time field, the durations of the pump and signal pulses are so short that special propagating characteristics of ultrashort pulse laser should be taken into account, especially the pulse broadening induced by the group velocity mismatch and the group velocity dispersion

在皮秒和飛秒時域，由於泵浦光與產生的信號光的持續時間特別短，故在討論超短脈沖與物質相互作用時必須計及超短脈沖在介質中傳輸的特殊性質，尤其是群速失配與群速色散引起的脈沖展寬。

Aaa ( authentication, authorization, accounting ) is the key of oss, in this theis, the aaa protocols and application requirement is analyzed first, and then the design the implementation of aaa subsystem are described in detail including following topics : introduced basic concepts of ftth based on epon, then show the whole architecture of our ftth network ; analyzed oss architecture running on broadband system and the aaa subsystem ; analyze and design aaa component in detail, in which we make out the solution through problems and integrated them to the whole system ; extended standard radius protocol and focus on the designation and implementation of authentication based on web ; according to the designation and implementation in my work, i designed a series testing, and improve original designation through test

本文針對aaa （ authentication ， authorization ， accounting ）協議和應用需求進行了較深入全面的研究，並設計實現了該子系統，主要包括以下內容:介紹了基於epon的城域ftth寬帶網路的基本概念，然後從整體的角度介紹了我們的ftth網路的結構;分析了在此網路之上的運營支撐系統總體框架和aaa子系統在運營支撐系統中的作用;對該網路和運營系統中的認證授權進行了詳細的分析和設計，提出解決問題的方法，形成設計方案;對標準協議進行了擴展，其中詳細介紹了基於web的用戶認證授權方案的實現和相關配置。針對我所設計和實現的子系統設計了一系列的測試，通過測試改善和優化了部分功能，且給出了測試結果。

How can a private enterprise become vivid in the sustainable development. on one hand, in accordance with the principle of " openness. equity. honesty ", government authorities should adjust the goals of policies and systems. convert their functions. weaken the administrative interference and start an impartial taxation system, financial system and financial market permission system so as to maintain the role of private enterprises in china ' s economy, while on the other hand, as an economic existence, the private - owned enterprise should pay attention to adjusting industrial structures, clarify its industrial orientation, focus on the main industry, carry on a business strategy centered on specialization, carry out industrialized production standards. quicken the pace in hi - tech industrialization. break through the difference between the operation right and property right, adjust structures of human resources and establish a scientific business manage

怎樣刁』能使私營企業擁有持續發展的生命力呢?對于政府部門而言，要維護私營企業在中國經濟中的作用與地位，必須按照「公平、公正、公開」的原則來調整政策和制度的取向，盡快轉換政府職能以弱化行政二}一預，實行公平的稅賦制度、財會制度和金融市場準入制度，為私營經濟的發展營造一個良好、寬松的體制環境。而私營企業作為一個經濟實體，則應注意調整企業的產業結構，明確產業定位，突出主業，實行以專業化為主的經營發展戰略，切實落實工業化生產標準，加快高新技術產業化的步伐;同時要敢於打破產權界

To facilitate industrial restructuring and to allow greater flexibility in the use of industrial premises, the scope of uses permitted in industrial buildings has been reviewed regularly and expanded over the years by government and the town planning board. major efforts include the introduction of the " other specified uses " annotated " business " ( " ou ( b ) " ) zone in october 2000 to allow maximum flexibility in the use of existing industrial and industrial - office buildings as well as in the development of new buildings for both commercial and clean industrial uses

（三）為配合香港的工業轉型及使私人工廠大廈單位有更靈活的用途，政府和城市規劃委員會（下稱城規會）近年來已定期檢討及逐步放寬工業樓宇準許用途的范圍。主要的工作成果包括於二年十月引入其他指定用途註明商貿的新用途地帶（下稱商貿地帶） ，使現有工業及工辦樓宇的用途能享有最大的彈性。及可在新建的樓宇發展作商業及非污染工業等用途。