庫圖佐夫行動 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [kùtúzuǒfūhángdòng]
庫圖佐夫行動
英文
operation kutuzov-
Far from doing anything of the sort, he used his power to select out of all the various courses open to him the stupidest and most pernicious of all. of all the different things napoleon might have donespending the winter in moscow, going to petersburg, going to nizhni - novgorod, going back a little more to the north or to the south, by the road kutuzov afterwards tookno course one can imagine could have been more ruinous for his army as the sequel proved than the one napoleon actually did adopt ; that is, the course of staying in moscow till october, letting the troops plunder the town, then in hesitation leaving a garrison behind, marching out of moscow, going to meet kutuzov and not giving battle, turning to the right and going as far as maley yaroslavets, again refusing to risk a battle, and finally retreating, not by the road kutuzov had taken, but by mozhaisk and the smolensk route through devastated country
可供拿破崙選擇的道路有：在莫科斯過冬，向彼得堡進軍，向下諾夫哥羅德進軍，向北或者向南庫圖佐夫后來所走的那條路撤退，可是，再也想不出比拿破崙做的更愚蠢更有害的事了，那就是，在莫斯科停留到十月底，任由部隊搶劫這個城市，后來，又動搖不定是否留下守備隊，就退出了莫斯科，接近了庫圖佐夫，卻不進行戰斗，接著轉向右方，走近小雅羅斯拉維茨，又失掉了試行突破的機會，不走庫圖佐夫走的那條大路，而沿著被破壞了的斯摩棱斯克大路向莫扎伊斯克退卻，結果證明，再也想不出比這更愚蠢對軍隊更有害的事情了。The sole significance of the disaster of berezina lies in the fact that it proved obviously and unmistakably how misleading were all plans for cutting off the enemys retreat ; and the one possible course of action was that which was supported by kutuzov and the mass of the russian armysimply to follow on the enemys track
強渡別列濟納河戰役唯一的意義是，這次行動確切無疑地證明，所有切斷敵人的計劃都是錯誤的，而庫圖佐夫主張的唯一可行的行動方式只在敵人後面跟蹤追擊，是完全正確的。Persons who are accustomed to suppose that plans of campaigns and of battles are made by generals in the same way as any of us sitting over a map in our study make plans of how we would have acted in such and such a position, will be perplexed by questions why kutuzov, if he had to retreat, did not take this or that course, why he did not take up a position before fili, why he did not at once retreat to the kaluga road, leaving moscow, and so on
有的人慣于認為，整個戰爭以至各戰役的計劃，都是由統帥這樣制訂的，即像我們每人一樣，坐在辦公室看地圖，設想他如何如何指揮這場那場戰役；對于這些人，各種問題就提出來啦：為什麼庫圖佐夫撤退時的行動不如何如何；為什麼他在撤至菲利前不穩住陣腳；為什麼放棄莫斯科后他不立即撤至卡盧日斯卡雅公路等等。Pursued by the french army of a hundred thousand men under the command of bonaparte, received with hostility by the inhabitants, losing confidence in their allies, suffering from shortness of supplies, and forced to act under circumstances unlike anything that had been foreseen, the russian army of thirty - five thousand men, under the command of kutuzov, beat a hasty retreat to the lower ground about the danube
庫圖佐夫統率的三萬五千官兵的俄國軍隊，在波拿巴指揮的十萬法國軍隊追擊時受到懷有敵意的居民的冷遇，深感軍隊糧餉的不足，已不再信任盟國，俄軍不顧預見到的戰爭環境，被迫採取軍事行動，遂經由多瑙河下游倉惶退卻，而在敵軍追趕的地區卻停止前進，僅為配合撤退，不損失重型裝備才開展后衛戰斗。From that time up to the end of the campaign, all kutuzovs activity was limited to trying by the exercise of authority, by guile and by entreaties, to hold his army back from useless attacks, manuvres, and skirmishes with the perishing enemy
自從獲悉法國人撤出莫斯科直至戰役結束，庫圖佐夫的全部活動是：用權力計謀勸告來阻止軍隊打無益的進攻運動戰與行將滅亡的敵人沖突。It was impossible, in the first place, because, since experience shows that the movement of columns in a single battlefield at five versts distance never coincides with the plan of their movements, the probability that tchitchagov, kutuzov, and wittgenstein would all reach an appointed spot in time was so remote that it practically amounted to impossibility. as kutuzov in fact regarded it when he said that manuvres planned at great distances do not produce the results expected of them
第一，經驗證明，在一次戰役中，各個縱隊的戰線延伸到五俄里的距離，任何時候都不可能使部隊的行動與作戰計劃相符合，若要奇恰戈夫庫圖佐夫和維特根施泰因準時在指定地點會師的可能性非常之小，可以說，沒有這種可能，庫圖佐夫正是這樣想的，他在接到這個計劃時就說過，這距離牽製作戰不能達到預期的目的。Just as at tarutino and at vyazma, all kutuzovs energies were directed to preventingso far as it lay in his powerany arrest of the fatal flight of the french from being checked as the russian generals in petersburg, and also in the army, wished it to be. he did all he could to urge on the flight of the french, and to slacken the speed of his own army
庫圖佐夫在塔魯丁諾和維亞濟馬的全部活動都放在盡其所能不去阻擋法國自取滅亡的這種行動彼得堡方面和俄國軍隊的將軍們卻想阻擋它，而是促成這種行動，同時減慢自己的行軍速度。In spite of all his supposed power, his intellect, his experience, and his knowledge of men, kutuzov, taking into consideration the note from bennigsen, who was sending a personal report on the subject to the tsar, the desire expressed by all the generals alike, the desire assumed by them to be the tsars wish, and the news brought by the cossack, could hold back the inevitable movement no longer, and gave orders for what he regarded as useless and mischievousgave his assent, in fact, to the accomplished fact
庫圖佐夫雖然有他那徒有虛名的權力，有他的聰明才智豐富的經驗和對人的識別能力，但是他不能不注意到貝尼格森親自向皇帝呈交的報告全體將軍們的一致願望，他意料到的皇帝的願望，以及哥薩克們的報告，他再也不能制止那不可避免的行動了，於是他不得不違心地下達命令干他認為無益而且有害的事情，他對既成事實加以認可。Now the grand duke on rejoining the army informed kutuzov of the tsars dissatisfaction at the poor successes of our troops, and the slowness of their progress. the tsar himself intended to be with the army in a few days
現在大公來到軍中，他告訴庫圖佐夫，皇上對我軍戰績不大，行動緩慢不滿意，皇上打算最近親自到軍隊中來。And from the different ranks about twenty men advanced to the front. the drummer, who was their leader, turned round facing the chorus and waving his arm, struck up a soldiers song, beginning : the sun was scarcely dawning, and ending with the words : so, lads, well march to glory with father kamensky. this song had been composed in turkey, and now was sung in austria, the only change being the substitution of the words father kutuzov for father kamensky
一名領唱的鼓手向歌手們轉過臉來，他揮一揮手，唱起悠揚婉轉的士兵之歌，歌曲的頭一句的字樣是： 「朝霞升，太陽紅」收尾一句的字樣是： 「弟兄們，光榮歸于卡緬斯基爺爺和我們」這首歌曲編寫于土耳其，現時在奧國流行，只是歌詞中有所改動，其中的「卡緬斯基爺爺」已被改成「庫圖佐夫爺爺」 。Dohturov marched to maley yaroslavets, but kutuzov lingered with the main army, and gave orders for the clearing of the kaluga, retreat beyond which seemed to kutuzov quite possible
多赫圖羅夫去小雅羅斯拉維茨，庫圖佐夫率全軍按兵不動，並下令撤離卡盧加，他覺得退出卡盧加是可行的。And to solve any difficulties that might arise, fresh instructions were sent, together with newer persons, whose duty it was to be to keep a watch on his movements, and to report upon them
為了解決所碰到的困難，彼得堡又發出了新的指示，並且派來了監視和報告庫圖佐夫行動的人員。On the military side, immediately on entering moscow, napoleon gives general sebastiani strict orders to keep a watch on the movements of the russian army, sends detachments along the various roads, and charges murat to find kutuzov
在軍事方面，拿破崙一進駐莫斯科就嚴令塞巴斯蒂安尼將軍注意俄國軍隊的行動，向各條道路派出兵團，責成繆拉去尋找庫圖佐夫。分享友人