恆常作用 的英文怎麼說

This thesis has studied the dynamic features of a class of the discrete - time neural network model of two neurons, such as the convergence and periodicity and etc. the function of the neuron signal transmission in this model, which belongs to three piecewise constant argument, indicates the following charactersif the signal of one neuron on the network is active between a and b, it will produce invariable encouragement effect on another neuron ; if the signal of one neuron is lower than a, it will produce invariable restrain effect on another one, if the signal of one neuron is higher than b, it will produce no effect on another one

本文研究了一類二元離散人工神經網路模型的解的收斂性及周期解的存在性等動力學特徵。該模型的神經元信號傳遞函數是三段常數不連續函數。這種信號傳遞函數表明如果某神經元的信號在a與b之間活躍，則它對另一個神經元產生恆定的激勵效果，如果某神經元的信號低於a ，則它對另一個神經元產生恆定的抑制效果，如果某神經元的信號高於b ，則它對另一個神經元不產生作用。

For many years, the drying furnace has been adopted with sealed structure and electrical heated, dial instruments are used to control the temperature of the drying furnace and to keep it invariable. parameter setting is inputted by manual method, heating time is completely controlled by operators ’ experiences or their moods, meanwhile, its control function is singular, not only having no automatic heating time and insulating monitoring, having no drying process monitoring, but also having no function of automatic recording and report printing, the workers ’ labor intensity is bigger. thus two abnormal situations are always come forth, one is the insulating performance and intensity of works cannot be guaranteed reliably, it perhaps need to be dried repeatedly, the other is always to extend the drying time in order to ensure the drying quality

多年來乾燥爐一直採用悶罐式結構和電加熱方式，溫度控制採用指針式溫度控制儀表來實現爐溫的恆定，其參數設定由人工輸入，時間控制則完全憑操作者的經驗、情緒來掌握，其控制功能單一，沒有時間控制、絕緣自動監測功能，也沒有乾燥過程監視功能，更沒有多要素記憶、列印存檔功能，工人的勞動強度較大，所以就經常出現兩種異常結果:一是工件的絕緣性能和強度得不到可靠保證，需要反復乾燥;另一種是為保證乾燥質量，往往要延長乾燥時間。

The information generated in current study suggests that the developing influenza ecosystem in southern china region may play an important role in the process of emerging novel influenza viruses, even directly impact the genesis of pandemic influenza strains. materials and methods : fecal, cloacal and tracheal swabs from different types of poultry were collected in live - bird retail markets once a week. they were inoculated into 9 - 11 days embryonated chicken eggs and incubated in 35 for 72 hours

本課題意在: 1 、以pa和cu為代表，探討hgnz亞型流感病毒在這些新形成的小種群中的流行情況; 2 、探討這些小種群中流感病毒的來源:是從其它動物跨種屬傳遞而來，還是本身為流感病毒的天然宿主: 3 、探討這些新形成種群中hgnz亞型流感病毒的進化情況，以及其在整個流感病毒生態體系中的作用;材料和方法:每周採集標本一次，常規處理后，接種於9一n日齡雞胚尿囊腔， 35恆溫培養72小時，收取雞胚尿囊液。

But education is a higher word ; it implies an action upon our mental nature, and the formation of a character ; it is something individual and permanent, and is commonly spoken of in connection with religion and virtue

但教育是個更高的字眼；它的含義是對我們的精神特徵產生作用，是性格的形成；這是一種個體的永恆的東西，通常與宗教和美德相提並論。

According to the law of mass action, the law of mass conservation and the principles of chemical thermodynamics, mathematics model about components " modes of occurrence ( that is simple ions, complex anions and complex compounds ) and their concentration in dam foundation solution has been set up with balance constant method

本文根據質量作用定律、質量守恆定律和化學熱力學的基本原理，應用平衡常數法建立了地下水水質組份存在形式（即單一離子、絡陰離子和絡合物）及其濃度分佈的數學模型。

American law belongs to the common law legal system which mainly origins from case law. in course of its development, the judges, especially those of federal super court and the superior state courts, played a very important role. in order to retain the continuity and the stability of legal system, they made an effort to find the social demands and embedded them into the lively cases. in this way, they constantly reforged the case law legal system of america, making it permanent and fresh

美國法屬于以判例為主要法律淵源的普通法法系。在它發展演化的過程中，法官，尤其是聯邦最高法院和各州最高一級法院的法官們發揮了極其重要的作用。他們在保持法律制度的連續性和穩定性的同時，用心體察社會發展的需求，並把這種需求精心地嵌入一個個鮮活的判例中，不斷重塑著美國的判例法體系，使之恆久而常新。

Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

The dc regulated power supply provides steady voltage to signal circuit, driving circuit, relay safeguard circuit and so on

直流穩壓源用於對實驗單元中的信號產生電路、驅動電路以及繼電操作和保護電路提供恆壓電源，使得這些電路能夠正常工作。

By use plc, system can complete function as follow : this auto - control system be applicable to the temperature and smoke and dust the deal the variety quick, control the process is difficult with the operation is ; by the temperature controlor can automatically follow to the wet tower " exit temperature, error in the ? 3 v including ; by to automatically spray fog to lower the electric resistance, with the function for full the electricity equipment accepting the dust ; because of adopting feedback closed loop, and come to a to respond to the speed quick, constant temprature control the accuracy is high ; because of adopting the sensors, and make the system circumstance to leak water quick ; system have many control parameter can set exit control temperature and adjust value low limit by key ; can communication with remote computer and have remote control

通過使用plc ，使該自控系統可以完成如下功能：適用於溫度及煙塵量變化快、控制過程難以操作的場合；通過溫控表自動跟蹤增濕塔出口溫度，誤差達到3以內；通過自動噴霧來降低粉塵比電阻，以此充分發揮電收塵器的作用；由於採取了閉環反饋迴路，達到了響應速度快，恆溫控制精度高；通過使用各種檢測傳感器，使得異常情況泄水快；該自控系統具有多套控制參數，增濕塔出口控制溫度及調節閥下限值可通過按鍵設定；可與上位機通訊，具有「現控遠控」功能。

The force acting on the particle is constant

作用於粒子上的力是恆常的。

According to the functionary times of transportation times and spatial location between pipelines and roads, three kinds of transportation load models are put forward, i. e. long - term evenly distributed load, movable invariable load and stable simple harmonic load. two common foundation models, linear elastic model and modified cambridge model are analyzed, and the former is selected as the model for soft soil in this paper. considering the application actuality and foreground of steel, steel pipeline is adopted as research object

根據交通荷載的作用次數以及管道與道路的空間位置，提出了三種交通荷載模型，即長期均布荷載、移動恆載和穩態簡諧荷載；分析了常用的兩種地基模型?線彈性模型和修正劍橋模型，並選擇了線彈性模型作為本文的地基模型；考慮到鋼管的應用現狀和前景，選擇鋼管作為研究對象；從法向和切向對管?土相互作用模型進行了探討。

Automatic gain control ( agc ) circuit is a kind of automatic control circuit. it can regulate the output - signal to some specified power level or limit it to a small range while the input - signal ’ s power level is changing sharply. it is very important in communication equipments, especially in the receiving part

自動增益控制（ agc : automaticgaincontrol ）電路是一種在輸入信號幅度變化很大的情況下，使輸出信號幅度保持恆定或僅在較小范圍內變化的自動控制電路;在通信設備，特別是通信接收設備中起著非常重要的作用。