持水土壤 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [chíshuǐtǔrǎng]
持水土壤
英文
retentive soil-
With the development of human society, because of the lack of sustainable utilization consciousness, and the eager for quick success and instant benefit, the black earth suffered excessive cultivation and management, causing the reduction of its recycled ability, decrease in organic content, porosity ratio, fertility dropped and the properties of water retaining and water retention, which make the black soil harden and degenerate seriously
但是隨著人類社會的發展，在缺乏保護和可持續利用意識、急功近利思想影響下，黑土遭到過度墾殖和掠奪式經營，人類對其活動范圍遠遠超過了其再生能力，導致有機質含量減少，肥力下降，孔隙比減小，保水持水能力降低，土壤板結，黑土嚴重退化。Soil is the base of agriculture production, the key measure to prevent water and soil loss is to conserve soil, but most soil nutrient is lost with the sediment loss, and serious water and soil loss make the soil thickness degrease, the soil nutrient be deficient and lean, the land quality degrade and the yield of plant decrease, all this results is going to threaten the people ' s transplanting and the agriculture sustainable development, and restrict the economy development of three gorges regions
同時，土壤是農業生產的根本，治理水土流失的關鍵是要保住土壤，而土壤養分絕大部分是隨著泥沙流失的，嚴重的水土流失造成土層淺簿、養分貧瘠，土地質量退化，產量下降，對三峽庫區移民工作和農業可持續發展造成嚴重威脅，制約三峽庫區經濟發展。因此進行三峽庫區坡耕地土壤侵蝕機理研究，探索減輕坡耕地土壤流失的方法措施，具有全局性的重大意義。Soil at field capacity has a high water potential
土壤處於田間持水量時通常有很高的水位。Field capacity the point at which the soil contains all the water it can hold by capillary and chemical attraction
田間持水量：土壤通過毛細作用和化學吸力可維持的全部水量。The threshold value of soil water contents for photosynthesis and stomatal resistance is about 14 ( 0g ), i. e., 60 65 of field capacity
棉花的光合速率和氣孔阻力隨土壤含水量變化的閾值約在14土壤含水量水平，該閾值相當於田間持水量的60 65 。Bulk density in 0 ~ 20cm, 20 - 40cm and field capacity in 20 ~ 40cm can be simulated with pure nugget effect model, and they are not spatially correlated in sampling scope. 4
O ~加cm 、 20一40cm土壤容重和2 } 40cm田間持水量符合純塊金效應模型，說明在采樣范圍內它們的空間相關性不存在。At the same time, the quality of different - state water was studied. the results show : the soil bulk density of the fir wildwood heightens with the increase of soil depth, specifically 0. 74 > 0. 94 andl. 34g / cm3, the saturated, canaliculus and field moisture contents decrease gradually in layer a, b and c, accordingly the soil total foveola decreases gradually, and the moisture - hold capacity of the soil lessens gradually with the increase of the soil depth ; there is small difference of the soil bulk density between layer a and b in the outer space, which are respectively 0. 92 and 0. 99g / cm3, and the other laws are the same as the in ner in the main ; reverse success often occurs in the low position of the thoroughly - fell trace and plateau marsh is formed
結果表明：冷杉原始森林土壤容重隨土層深度的增加而增大，分別為0 . 74 、 0 . 94 、 1 . 34g cm ~ 3 ，飽和持水量、毛管持水量、田間持水量a層、 b層、 c層逐漸減小，十壤總孔隙度也逐漸減小，土壤的持水能力隨深度的增加逐漸減弱；林外空地a層、 b層十壤容重相差不人，分別為0 . 92和0 . 99g cm ~ 3 ，其它規律與林內人體相同：皆伐跡地的低洼地段容易發生逆行演替，形成高原沼澤地。The primary representations of the vulnerabilities of water resource in hengyang basin where is a typical hilly region with red and purple soils in south china are analyzed : the precipitation re source varies greatly in spatial and temporal distribution ; the soils and rock property are not in favor of water and soil conserving ; the structure of crops needs a high water consumption ; and the farm irrigation works are timeworn and frangible
摘要以中國南方典型的紅壤和紫色土丘陵區衡陽盆地為例，分析論述了衡陽盆地地表水資源脆弱性主要表現在：降水資源時空分佈不均勻；不利於水土保持的地表物質組成和植被覆蓋；耗水量大的農業種植結構以及調蓄水功能弱的農田水利工程體系等方面。The results are summarized below : 1 ) study on soil science indicates that soil granular structure is the focus adjuster for soil fertility and it affects the space, water - grasp, aeration and anti - erosion of soil. and the percentage of aggregate is one of the key index that decides the speed and extent of soil erosion, hardening and degeneration because the soil degeneration will first lead to the disappearance of crumb - structure. so it is very important that the physical course and character of soil in different land use pattern are realized
現將主要結果摘要如下： l 、士壤學研究表明，團粒結構是土壤肥力的中心調節器，影響著土壤的空隙性、持水性、通透性和抗蝕性；任何土壤的退化首先將表現出團粒結構的消失；團聚體百分比是決定土壤侵蝕、板結等物理過程速度和幅度的關鍵指標之一，了解不同土地利用和土壤管理方式的物理過程和性質相當重要。In order to solve this problem, we find a kind of herbages plant - sabaigrass ( eulaliopsis binata ) which not only can accommodate the badly environment of purple soil but also have excellent water and soil conservation effect and good economic benefit. this study adopt quantitative and qualitative methods, through comparative study of four different utilization types : sabaigrass treatment, grass tree solid plating treatment ( planting sabaigrass under fruit trees treatment ), bare land treatment, natural wild grassland treatment, study water and soil conservation effect, soil water condition, soil constructors condition, soil fertility condition and soil surface temperature, then evaluated the water and soil conservation effect of plating sabaigrass in purple soil bare sloping field and probed into water and soil conservation mechanism. the main results are as follows : 1
本研究針對湖南省衡邵盆地紫色巖地區日益惡劣的生態環境，從紫色土荒坡地水土流失治理入手，在尋求出既適應紫色土荒坡地惡劣環境又有良好水土保持作用和一定經濟效應的作物? ?龍須草的基礎上，用定性和定量相結合的方法，以「龍須草純種」 、 「龍須草與果樹立體種植」 （簡稱林草立體種植，下同） 、 「空曠地」 、 「自然野生雜草地」四種不同的土地利用方式進行對比研究，從水土保持效應、土壤水文狀況、土壤結構、土壤肥力狀況、地表溫度狀況等方面分析、評價紫色土荒坡地種植龍須草防治水土流失的效應，並對其機理進行了初步探討，主要研究結果如下： 1Article 2 " agro - techniques " mentioned in this law refer to the scientific research results and practical techniques to be applied to crop cultivation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, including techniques of breeding good strains, applying fertilizers, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, as well as plant cultivation and animal husbandry ; techniques of processing, preserving, storing and transporting products and by - products of agriculture ; techniques of agricultural machinery and agricultural aviation ; techniques of irrigation and water conservancy, soil improvement and water and soil conservation ; techniques of water supply and energy utilization in rural areas and agricultural environmental protection ; techniques of agricultural meteorology, and techniques of agricultural management and administration
第二條本法所稱農業技術，是指應用於種植業、林業、畜牧業、漁業的科研成果和實用技術，包括良種繁育、施用肥料、病蟲害防治、栽培和養殖技術，農副產品加工、保鮮、貯運技術，農業機械技術和農用航空技術，農田水利、土壤改良與水土保持技術，農村供水、農村能源利用和農業環境保護技術，農業氣象技術以及農業經營管理技術等。Then, with the help of gis, i selected 8 soil fertility factors mentioned above and soil texture as parameters, used blocks generated by overlaying each factor theme as assessing unit, modified nemoro fomular, and then i assessed the overall soil fertility quality of wujin city, we know : the soil fertility quality of the city is generally medium or worse, in it, the district of riverine polder the district of menghe even fields the district of taige even fields and the district of hilly lands are on " worse " level, and the district of zhengheng polder the district of lakeside polder and the district of taoge even fields are on " medium " or " better " level
接著在gis支持下，選取以上8項土壤肥力要素並加上土壤質地作為參數，以各要素圖層疊加產生的圖斑作為評價單元，修改內梅羅公式，對武進市土壤肥力質量進行綜合評價，得出：土壤肥力質量中等偏下，其中，沿江圩田區、孟河平田區、太涌平田區和低山丘陵區主要處于「較差」水平，而鄭橫圩田區、沿湖圩田區、洮?平田區主要處于「中等」及「良」水平。The biological and physiological ecology characteristics of raffia grass were introduced, the relative cultivation and management techniques were summarized, and the effects of bahia grass on the soil and water conservation, the soil improvement, the environment improvement as well as the greening and beautification were expounded
摘要介紹百喜草的生物學及生理生態學特性，總結百喜草的相關栽培技術管理方法，並闡述百喜草在保持水土、改良土壤、改善環境及綠、美化等方面的作用。The study was primarily conducted to investigate the effects of various irrigation managements on the yield, quality and wue of alfalfa and the sustainable utilization of soil - water in north china plain. five treatments were applied : 0mm, 30mm, 50mm, 75mm and 100mm irrigating at the beginning of the second growth cycle in 2001
本研究通過兩年的灌溉實驗，根據對降水情況、土壤水分的蒸發量、蒸散量與苜蓿各生物學指標的分析，初步探討了在華北平原地區不同灌溉處理對于苜蓿產量、品質、水分利用率以及苜蓿地土壤水資源利用可持續性的關系。Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil
文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25Forests as an adjuster for ecological balance in mountain areas play important roles in soil and water conservation, runoff and silt retardance etc. especially, forests are regarded as " forest reservoir " due to their great hydrological regulation functions through canopy, undergrowth, litterfall and soil layers
森林是山地生態平衡的重要調節器，特別是其水源涵養、理水保土、緩洪滯淤的功能對于山地面積大的福建省顯得極為重要。森林通過林冠層、林下植被層、枯枝落葉層以及土壤層發揮良好的涵養水源、保持水土、削峰滯洪等「森林水庫」的功能。Further, research clearly shows that as soil nutrient levels are maintained, as crop yield levels are increased and more residues are returned to the soil, productive capability continues to increase and the natural resource of the soil is protected
再者，研究清楚地表明，如果保持住土壤肥力水平，作物產量增加，更多殘茬還田，生產能力會持續上升，天然土壤資源也得以保護。At first, the relations between vegetation structures and their controlling soil erosion are discussed. the results show that magnitude of plant community coverage or canopy closure is n ' t certainly the adequate condition of an anti - erosive effective community because the community function of soil and water conservation is related to height of coverage layer as well as community coverage or canopy closure
首先，討論了植被結構與其防止土壤侵蝕作用的關系，結果表明，植被蓋度或郁閉度的大小並不一定就是防蝕有效植被的充分條件，植被保持水土功能還與覆蓋層的高度密切相關，覆蓋層高度大並不有利於植被保持水土。Soil quality - determination of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium in field - moist soils by extraction with potassium chloride solution - part 2 : automated method with segmented flow analysis iso 14256 - 2 : 2005
土壤質量.氯化鉀溶液萃取法測定田間持水土壤中的硝酸( 3 ) the key link in establishing agroforestry is to select fine plant species in accordance with local natural condition. to make full use of the coexistence and to avoid rejection between different species is very important in obtaining the utmost benefits. ( 4 ) agroforestry systems with rational structure could conserve soil and water, ameliorate soil property, raise land use efficiency and increase the system productivity and achieve significant ecological, social and economic benefits
另外在物種選擇時要做到適地適樹，並且要與當地主導產業結合，產生規模效益， （ 4 ）良好結構的農林復合經營系統能夠保持水土，改良土壤，提高土地利用率和系統生y兩南農業大學碩十學位論文產力，獲得更好的生態、社會和經濟效益。分享友人