持論公平 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [chílúngōngpíng]
持論公平
英文
hold impartial views-
Study on efficiency and fair in sustainable development of drainage area
論流域可持續發展中的效率與公平關系The dissertatio n constructs the index system, introduces the coefficients of development, coordination, fairness, and the coefficient of sd, which is composed by the former three and can reflects the sd overall strength of watershed, brings forward the quantative criteria of in order that the research of wrcc is based on the good watershed ecology and environment, the dissertation, according to the ecological appropriate theory, builds the logarithm normal distribution model about the relation between the growth of natural vegetation and the depth of groundwater ; based on this relation model, proposes a quantitative method of ecological water requirement ( ewr ) of natural vegetation in arid area, which utilizes the results of rs technique and the spot testing data of vegetative physiology demand
針對流域特點建立了基於水資源的流域可持續發展評價指標體系，引入發展系數、協調系數、公平系數，以及由其構成的衡量水資源支撐社會可持續發展綜合水平與能力的可持續發展系數，提出了可持續發展的定量判別方法。為保證在良好生態的前提下進行水資源承載能力研究，論文根據生態適宜性理論，建立了乾旱區典型天然植物生長與主要環境因子的偏態單峰對數正態分佈模型。基於此關系模型，利用遙感技術成果以及植物生理需水的現場實驗數據，提出了乾旱區天然植被生態需水量計算方法。This paper, takes rli as an object of study, takes property rights relationship and management relationship of rural land as a main clue, takes raising the management benefit into full play of rural land and ensuring rural land sustainable utilization as objective, uses the theory of western institution economics and market economics for reference, adopts the method of study of combining macro analysis with microanalysis and combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, reviews systematically the developing process of rli in china since the founding of our country and the developing tendency of rli in the world, summarizes the influence law of rli to rural land management benefit, analyses the innovative mechanis m. institutive achievement and being faced with difficult position and gauntlet of the present rli in china, and defines the objective and following principles of rli innovation proceeding from the actual conditions of our country. on the basis of these, constructs the innovative models by stages of rural land property rights institution and management institution, which accords with the market economic law and the law by stages of rural economic developing levels and gives consideration to efficiency and fair
本文以農村土地制度為研究對象，以農村土地的產權關系和經營關系為主線，以農村經濟發展水平（包括農村生產力發展水平和農村工業化、城鎮化水平）和農民的承受能力為依據，以最大限度地提高農地經營效益、確保農地資源的可持續利用為目的，借鑒西方新制度經濟學理論和市場經濟理論，採用宏觀分析與微觀分析、定量分析與定性分析、規范研究與實證研究相結合的研究方法，系統地回顧了建國后我國農地制度的演變過程及世界農地制度的演變趨勢，總結了農地制度對農地經營效益的影響規律，分析了我國現行的家庭承包經營責任制的創新機理、制度績效及其面臨的困境與挑戰，並從我國的實際出發，確定了農地制度創新的目標及應遵循的原則，在此基礎上構建符了符合市場經濟規律和農村經濟發展水平的階段性規律、兼顧效率和社會公平的階段性農地產權制度創新模式及其對應的經營制度創新模式。Due to the special equity structure in china, company governance does n ' t pay attention to protect the investors, so the empirical results show as follows : ( l ) it exists the negative relation between the proportion of state - owned stocks and corporate performance ; it does n ' t exists the remarkable relation between the proportion of circulation stocks and corporate performance ; the function of corporation in company governance depends on its owned stocks. ( 2 ) the performance of equity - scattered company is superior to that of equity - gathered company, the performance of corporation - gathered company is superior to that of state company. ( 3 ) in the protective industries, the degree of equity d oes n ' t influence the performance, state - owned stocks play a leading role, there is a negative relation between the proportion of its stocks and croa, but there is n ' t a remarkable negative relation between the proportion of its stocks and roe ; in non - protective industries, the performance of equity - scattered company is superior to that of equity - gathered company, and the proportion of corporation stocks rise, the influence of proportion on corporate performance depends on its owned stocks. finally, it gives some reasonable suggestions and discusses the limits of research
由於在我國特殊的股權結構下，公司治理對投資者缺乏保護，實證結果表現為： （ 1 ）國家股股東持股比例與公司績效存在負向關系；流通股股東持股比例與公司績效之間不存在顯著的關系；法人股股東在公司治理中的作用依持股水平而定； （ 2 ）股權分散公司的績效優于股權集中公司，法人集中公司的績效優于國有集中公司； （ 3 ）在保護性行業，股權集中程度對績效的影響不顯著，國家股佔主導地位，其持股比例與績效指標croa存在負向關系，與績效指標roe存在不顯著負向關系；在非保護性行業，股權分散公司的績效優于股權集中公司，法人股比例上升，其持股比例對公司績效的影響依持股水平而定。最後，提出相應的政策建議並討論了研究的局限性。In order to implementing these principles, firstly, the value and price of water resources have been studied separately, a model about the sustainable use relationship between value and cost has been funded and it is successfully used to the east route project of water transferring from south to north in china. secondly, the principles of initial allocation of regional water resources have been studied, in which the essential is to how to coordinate and resolve the relationship between efficiency and equity based on the principle of sustainable development. an allocation methodology that coordinates and takes account of the both has been formulated and the game theory has been used to analysis the conflicts between efficiency and equity in various allocation methods
本文的研究以可持續發展與水資源可持續利用的關系分析為著眼點，提出了水資源可持續利用的基本原則，為實現這些基本原則，進行了水資源價值與使用成本的研究，提出了價值與成本的可持續利用關系模型，並運用於南水北調東線工程的價格制定；進行了區域水資源初始分配原則的研究，其關鍵在於如何處理與協調可持續發展原則下的效率與公平性關系，本文提出了協調與兼顧兩者的分配原則，並採用博弈理論進行不同分配方式中效率與公平沖突的分析，結果為採用水市場加水資源費的分配模式，與數學分配模型一致。Firstly, reviews and analyses the evolution and present situation of the medical care insurance of cities and towns workers ; secondly, analyses the objectivity which restricts the medical care insurance reform, and then finds a solution to breakthrough the bottleneck of social medical care insurance reform ; thirdly, analyses the evolution of medical care insurance reform of western countries objectively, so that we can make a strong argumentation why we should learn their successful experience to perfect our medical care insurance ; last, makes a serious investigation towards some major problems which needs to be solved during our present medical care insurance reform, such as perfect the system, enlarge the coverage of insurance in a high speed, promotes the medical and medicine administration system at the same time sets up a human ? oriented concept called “ equality priority and efficiency ” the thesis sticks to the basic principle of dialectical and historical materialism in investigation method, tries to adopt a series of methods, includes the followings : scientific abstraction, statistics, the combination of international comparison and internal analysis, etc. the thesis has already made some achievements after making a thorough study about the obstacle and policy of our national medical care insurance reform
第三部分內容，客觀分析了西方國家醫療保險改革的路徑，並就我國城鎮職工醫療保險所應借鑒的有益經驗進行了論證。第四部分內容，對我國現階段城鎮職工醫療保險改革實踐中需要解決的幾個主要問題，比如完善制度設計、快速推進保險的覆蓋面、切實推行醫療醫藥管理體制的同步改革、樹立「公平優先兼顧效率」的人本理念等問題，進行了認真的研究，提出了解決這些問題的途徑。本論文在研究方法上，堅持了辨證唯物論和歷史唯物論相結合的基本原則，採用了科學抽象法、統計法、國際比較與國情分析相結合等諸多的方法。The fraud exception of l / c is a source of the principle of independence and abstraction and the rule of strict compliance flaw, essentially complementary and contrary to the principle of independence and abstraction and the rule of strict compliance on condition that we insist on these. the rationale behind the fraud exception of l / c may divide into two levels : the first level is " reservation of public order ". the second level is " the good faith principle ", " the fair principle ", " the security principle " and " the efficiency principle "
信用證欺詐例外源於信用證獨立抽象原則及嚴格相符原則的制度缺陷，是在堅持信用證獨立抽象原則及嚴格相符原則前提下對其的必要否定和補充，其理論根據可分為兩個層次:第一層次為「公共秩序保留」 ，第二層次為「誠實信用原則」 、 「公平原則」 、 「安全原則」和「效率原則」 。What viewpoint should we hold at initial stage of socialistic society, which needs to promote work force ; protect the incomes of distribution - according - to - works ; insist the principle of efficiency prior to justice ; expedite the construction of labor market, is to consolidate it and make it more perfect, to apply it according to truth and fact
我們要結合我國社會主義初級階段的實際，大力發展生產力，保護按勞分配收入，堅持效率優先，兼顧公平，加快勞動力市場建設，鞏固和完善按勞分配製度。對社會主義按勞分配的再認識具有重大的理論意義和現實意義。Mr. ma huateng, chairman ceo, mr. martin lau, president, and mr. patrick tsang, cfo, will host a conference call to present the results, review the company s business and financial performance, and discuss the company s future plans
本公司主席兼首席執行官馬化騰先生總裁劉熾平先生與首席財務官曾振國先生將主持業績發布的電話會議，回顧期內的業務表現和財務狀況，並且討論公司未來發展計劃。It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason
論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。With the distribution system of " giving priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness " giving impetus to economic growth, the gap in income becomes wide and obvious, which gives rise to the argument directly whether the principle of " giving priority to efficiency " persists in further or not
「效率優先、兼顧公平」目標選擇，在拉動了社會經濟迅速增長的同時，也加速了收入差距擴大化與顯性化。由此直接引發了理論界關于要不要繼續堅持「效率優先」的爭論，有的學者提出了「以效率的損失換取公平」的主張。Whilst the rhetoric of moral fairness or equity between generations is voiced by many, including advocates of a more sustainable future, it usually falters when confronted by self - interest
雖然不少人提出道德公平或跨代平等的論調，其中不乏贊同未來可持續發展路向的人士，但一旦涉及本身利益，他們的立場便有所動搖。Probing into justice of theoretical field of sustainable development
可持續發展論域的公平探析The article thinks : in term of expecting the theory in the performance goal - setting link, put forward goal should concrete, degree of difficulty proper, what staff accept principle and view ; in performance manage implement link should go on constant performance link up ; in performance assess link disappearance and fairness issue of degree research to come assessing separately, comprehension and fairness that should guarantee to be assessed ; in encourage link understand staffs behavior from elimination of the last one, position adjustment and the salary adjustment
文章認為:績效目標設定環節中從期望理論的角度，提出了目標應當是具體的、難度適當的、被員工所接受的等原則和觀點;績效管理實施環節中，應該進行持續不斷地績效溝通;績效評估環節中分別從評估維度的缺失和公平性問題來展開研究，應保證評估的全面性和公平性;正負激勵環節中從末位淘汰與職位調整以及薪酬調整的視角解讀員工行為。The policy of the small town land using is the important parts which relate to small town economy and the development of whole national economy whether smoothly or not. from theoretically with practice, we must resolve the problems of the conflict between economic benefits and the durative output of nature resources in the small town developing, environmental protection and to advance to the equity of social etc. so, we must resolve the problems : what characteristic does the using of the small town land have
小城鎮發展何去何從?因此在理論上和實踐上都必須解決小城鎮發展中的經濟利益與保障自然資源持續產出的沖突、保護環境以及提高社會公平性等問題。那麼，要制定出一套適合國情和當地實際情況的小城鎮土地政策，必須解決以下問題:小城鎮土地利用具有什麼特徵The dynamic management of the water price is one of an indispensable part of sustainable development of water resource. it can help achieve society equity and allocate water resource efficiently. the paper discusses the process of management
水價動態管理是實現水資源可持續利用的重要組成部分，有助於實現社會公平性、平等性和水資源的優化配置，論文對區域水價的動態管理進行了探討。In the interest of fairness, the order of speaking was decided according to the lots drawn by the facilitators of the open forums. each participant could freely express their views on the fourth report within the time limit
為公平起見，公開論壇的主持人會用抽簽的方式決定參加者的發言先後次序。每位發言的參加者可以在發言時間內就第四號報告的內容發表意見。According to two parts above, the author makes the rhetorical remedy measure of present system, draws view - point of model between fairness and efficiency, insist the principle " efficiency comes first to balance equity " when designing the taxation law system
在前兩部分理論構建的基礎上，筆者就我國現行的制度缺陷作了理論上的補救，並對稅法上公平與效率的模式選擇提出觀點，認為在稅法制度設計中主要應堅持「效率優先，兼顧公平」的原則。Owing to the public products attribute of compulsory education, the government should strengthen the financial support to it. secondly, in terms of equity and efficiency, the government should increase support to western and western compulsory education
首先從義務教育的公共產品屬性論證：政府應加大對其的財政支持；其次，從公平與效率的角度，論證了應加大對西部的支持，對西部義務教育的支持。Abstract : based on his observation and experience in chinese and western academic communities, the author concretely introduces and discusses the general practice of academic development in american universities
作者根據對中西學術界的觀察和親身體驗，通過對美國大學辦學的一些具體政策的介紹和討論，指出嚴格的研究生訓練、公平的教授招聘以及透明的晉升制度對于保持學術高水準是相當重要的。分享友人