提單單位運價 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [dīdāndānwèiyùnjià]
提單單位運價
英文
bl minimum charge-
It is not only influnce the survival of valin group but also influnce the industrialization progress of hunan province. this book appraised the foreground of the product market, raising money and using money, budget and potential risk of this project by using the method of project evaluation, analysised avail factor and disadvantage factor, then bring forward measures of evading project risk to help erector and bank who provide a loan
本文運用項目評估方法，對華菱薄板項目的產品市場前景、資金籌措與運用、財務預測與分析及項目潛在風險等方面進行評價，分析項目建設的有利因素和不利影響，得出評估結論，提出規避項目風險的措施，為項目建設單位及項目資金承貸銀行提供指導和幫助。The directive thinking is : basis of resources breeding and management and development and utilization ; leading by feature industry such as forest industry and forest tourism ; aiming at meeting the need of market and public environment construction ; guiding at systemic, synthetically and stereoscopic development ; building up region industry group and industry train. on the basis of analysis industry position, it studied the relation between industry system and industry group and the relation between industry group and industry train. using theorical pattern, it described the relation and degree of coordination in industry trains and suggested the policy of adjustment of industry structure and advancement for state - owned forest region
本文界定了林業的產業性質，在三次產業分類法的基礎上提出四次產業分類法，提出了「零級產業（環境產業） 」概念，辨析了環境產業與林業產業的相關關系；分析了森林三大效益?成本關系；分析國有林區產業單一狀況的弊端；從經濟、社會和生態三方面分析了產業協同發展的價值；提出國有林區產業體系建立的指導思想：以資源培育與開發利用產業為基礎和龍頭，以特色產業? ?如林產工業、森林旅遊等為主導，以滿足市場需求和公益環境建設需求相兼顧為目標，以系統、綜合、立體開發為指針，建立具有區域特點的、協調的產業群和產業鏈；在產業位勢分析的基礎上，勾畫了產業體系與產業群、產業群與產業鏈之間的相關關系：運用理論模型描述產業鏈之間的相關關系及協同度。The main issues of the research are put as following : firstly, with the international comparing of market sharing rate and trading competitive index, it was revealed that wheat in china has inferior international competitiveness with a bit rising during current years, however, which is still behind that of the main wheat export countries. secondly, after the international comparing of the main factors that affect the international competitiveness of wheat, it was discovered that chinese wheat has the obvious cost advantage on unit product, while because of the high circulation fee, it results in inferior advantage on the price ; low and unstable quality is another factor which leads to inferior wheat competitiveness ; the input of fertilizer and labor makes little impact on the productivity of chinese wheat, while the input of seeds, irrigation and machine makes a strong impact, so it should be more invested in seeds, irrigation and machine to reduce wheat ' s unit cost. the assistant industries of the wheat, such as breed, production materials and processing industries, have inferior international competitiveness and lagged development
其次，通過對影響小麥國際競爭力的主要因素的國際比較發現：中國小麥單位產品生產成本具有明顯優勢，但由於較高的流通費用，導致在價格上不具有優勢；小麥質量較差、品質不穩定是導致中國小麥國際競爭力較低的主要因素；生產要素中化肥和勞動力投入對中國小麥生產力水平的影響程度較小，而種子、灌溉和機械投入對小麥生產力水平的的影響程度較大，因此小麥生產投入要以增加種子、灌溉和機械的投入為主，代替大量的化肥和勞動力投入，進一步降低小麥單位產品成本，增強中國小麥國際競爭力；中國小麥的上下游輔助產業（包括品種資源、生產資料和加工業）的國際競爭力較弱，發展較為滯后；中國小麥生產者的組織化程度較低嚴重製約了中國小麥質量的提高、流通費用的降低和加工業的發展；小麥生產經營活動本身的特點決定了在充分發揮市場機製作用的基礎上，必須通過政府的宏觀調控來克服其市場機制的失靈，保障市場機制有效運行，但通過國際比較研究發現：中國政府在生產者支持、市場體系建設和國際貿易政策上對小麥的支持水平較低，與提高中國小麥國際競爭力的要求有較大差距，尤其是較低的生產者支持水平和市場體系建設程度制約了中國小麥國際競爭力的提高。Firstly, the competent governmental departments should not only supervise and standardize the markets more efficiently, but also stipulate relevant regulations to solve the problems existing in the markets, such as introducing payment guarantee as a solution to project payment default, general contracting to subcontracting and dismembering of the constructors. in the mean time, the supervision over the certification market and certification organizations should be enhanced and more measures should be taken to eliminate the adverse causes of the market. measures should also be made to evaluate the performance of the enterprises " quality systems and the evaluation results should be combined into annual qualification check and bidding
通過分析研究，提出了克服這些不利因素影響的辦法：首先政府有關部門除了依法加大監管力度和規范建築市場以外，還應制定相應的對策措施來解決市場中存在的問題，如用支付擔保來解決工程款拖欠問題、用總承包方式來解決建設單位肢解、分包工程的問題等；同時還應加強對認證市場和認證機構的監管，採取相應措施消除市場中的不健康因素；建立對企業質量體系運行評價的措施，並把評價結果同企業的資質年審和招投標結合起來。Business valuation based on modern economy is one of the most difficult and comprehensive professional work in asset appraisal, but also stands for the trend of the appraisal. as china implemented planned economy all the long in the past years, the concept of business value was proposed later than other advanced countries. the study on the theory and method of business valuation we made is relatively backward. all these lead to that we merely use cost method in practice. with the improvement of market economy, the validity of cost method is challenged. hunting for appraisal methods suitable for china circumstance has become more and more urgent. this thesis presents its own opinion on the adjustment of the basic frame of theory of business valuation. for the first time, it puts systems theory into the study of the theory base, and believes that the enterprise as a compound entity has higher efficiency than the sum of its constituent, and then proposes new appraisal assumption. aiming at the obscure understan ding, it analyses a group of conception related to business valuation. after giving a whole analysis and study, this thesis indicates the income approach which emphasizes earning - capacity of a enterprise should become the correct choice of china, and makes a further study on the origin - features and feasibility of this method
植根于現代經濟的企業價值評估是資產評估中綜合性最強，技術難度最高的業務之一，也是評估業未來的發展方向，由於我國過去長期實行計劃經濟體制，企業價值概念的提出和運用時間較晚，缺少現代經營理念的積累，企業價值評估的理論與方法的研究比較滯后。本文試圖以理性分析和案例分析相結合的方法，系統研究和分析企業價值評估的基礎理論及其現實條件下，適應我國經濟發展的評估方法，以期為構建有中國特色的企業價值評估理論和方法體系做一些有益的探索。文章以企業價值評估的基本概念為起點，在對眾多關于企業性質的學說和理論觀點進行概括抽象的基礎上，指出了整體性、持續經營和盈利性是企業的重要特徵，依據企業的整體性運用系統方法闡明了企業的價值大於組成企業的單項資產價值之和，據此提出了反映企業價值評估特點的有機組合增殖假設；依據盈利性的特點，強調了企業價值評估的核心應為企業的獲利能力，而不是組建企業的成本；對企業價值、企業價值評估含義、特點的論述以及對相關概念的辨析表明了作者的個人觀點和文章的基本定位，而從評估目的入手劃分的以產權變動為目的的企業價值評估和以財務決策為目的的企業價值評估與企業價值評估的假設、評估核心共同決定了評估方法的選用。On the basis of collecting and processing many datum and materials. firstly. this paper analyzes main activities and cost constitutions of each stage of the life cycle of a fcs, and lay a foundation for later analysis and evaluation of system lcc. secondly, a basis method and usage range for estimating the system lcc are introduced. a multivariate linear regression model of pcs development cost and cost driven factor is built by use of the parametric method and supplies the base of cost estimation of newly - developed systems. thirdly, combine actual examples and make statistical analysis of lcc of a certain pcs developed by our institute, predict unhappened usage and service cost with grey prediction method, obtain proportion of each constitute to the lcc. forthly, according to actual conditions, use the fuzzy theory to overall evaluate efficacy of the fcs, fifthly, combimng our actual conditions, investigate specific measures of how to implement the life cycle cost management in our institute and put forward a new conception of developing web - based flight control system lcc management information system with pdm as the platform. at last, investigate important factors such as reliability and maintainability that may affect the life cycle cost of the fcs in detail, and put forward specific methods of lowering the life cycle cost of the fcs
論文在收集和整理大量資料的基礎上，首先深入分析了飛控系統壽命周期各階段的主要活動以及各階段的費用構成，為以後系統壽命周期費用的分析和評價奠定了基礎；其次，介紹了壽命周期費用估算的基本方法和使用范圍，並利用參數法建立了飛控系統研製費用與費用驅動因子的多元線性回歸模型，為新研系統的費用估算提供了依據；第三，結合實例對我所研製的某型飛控系統的壽命周期費用進行統計分析，運用灰色預測方法對未發生的使用及維修費用進行預測，得出了該系統的壽命周期費用以及各組成部分所佔比例；第四，根據實際情況，首次運用模糊理論對飛控系統的系統效能進行了綜合評價，構造了飛控系統系統效能模糊綜合評價模型；第五，結合我所實際，探討了如何在本單位實施加強壽命周期費用管理的具體措施，提出以pdm為平臺，開發基於web的飛控系統lcc管理信息系統的新構思；最後，對影響飛控系統壽命周期費用的重要因素如可靠性和維修性等進行了詳細地研究，提出了降低飛控系統壽命周期費用的具體方法。Secondly, by applying the strategic administration theory - the core competence theory, an evaluation system of core competence is developed for the military institutes. from the view points of market, technology and administration, it is ulteriorly pointed out that the capability of design and research of those military institutes is their core competence. in the face of the new opportunities and the new challenges, improving the core competence is the only way for the military institutes to survive and grow with the development of national defence and spaceflight
然後，運用當代戰略管理理論? ?企業核心能力理論，提出了適合於軍隊工程科研設計單位的核心能力評價指標體系；分別從市場、技術以及管理等層面分析得出基於其自身特殊體制的國防及航天試驗工程科研設計能力是軍隊工程科研設計單位的核心能力；面對新形勢下的機遇和挑戰，軍隊工程科研設計單位只有在確保國防及航天科研試驗任務完成的前提下，從單位內在的因素出發，以核心競爭力理論創新管理機制，培育和提升核心能力才能在國防和航天事業的發展中生存發展。Under the guidance of the theories of organization design and organization strategy management, this thesis concludes the characteristics of personnel function system, and expounds the reference standards of controlling the number of personnel positions of corporations of csic through analyzing technology, resource and ability of csic ; then, applying the theory and methodology of organization strategy management, business process reengineering and human resource management and development, this paper analyzes and designs personnel function system of csic, inquires into management information system that is connective with function system, shows the procedure, contents and function direction model of position analysis and design of csic which has been applied to position appraisals of no. 703 research institute ; next, the thesis analyzes and designs the models of personnel performance appraisals, gives development procedure of performance appraisals index and illustrates the index integrated with the corporati ons " actualities ; finally, in this paper, performance appraisals index system of personnel on management and technology was designed, and also the personnel performance appraisals model using ahp methodology combined with performance appraisals index system of management personnel
本文以有關組織設計和組織戰略管理理論為指導，通過對csic的技術、資源和能力進行分析，得出其人才職務體系的特點，提出了csic企事業單位人才職位數量控制的參考標準；然後，運用組織戰略管理、業務流程再造和人力資源管理開發理論和方法，對csic人才職務體系進行了分析與設計，並對與職務體系相結合的管理信息系統進行了探討；其次，給出了csic職位分析與設計的程序、內容和職務說明書範例，並將其運用到703研究所的職位評價中；再次，對csic人才績效考核模式進行了分析和設計，給出了績效考核指標開發流程，結合企業實際對業績考核指標進行了說明；最後，設計了管理和技術人才的績效考核指標體系，並運用ahp法結合管理人才績效考核指標體系構建了人才績效考核的模式。Based on the retrospect and review of existent literature, spatial monopolization and rival strategy are accepted but the angle discussing the effect that product differentiation works on cooperation will be changed from producer. by re - constructing function of consumer utility and introducing in consumer preference, the degree of product differentiation may be denoted by the degree of consumer preference. the influence that product differentiation works on critical discount factor d can be obtained by introducing in one - shot price game and repeated game, from which we can learn the influence that product differentiation works on cooperation
圍繞bertrand悖論的所展開的爭論，為進一步展開對這一問題的分析提供了豐富的工具和背景知識，在對已有的理論文獻加以回顧引述的基礎上，保留原有的空間壟斷概念和競爭策略的同時，改變單純從生產者角度來論述產品差異度對企業合作的影響，重新構造消費者效用函數，引入消費者偏好，以消費者的偏好的大小來表示產品之間的差異度，通過單時期和無限期博弈模型來論證產品差異度（消費者偏好程度之比）對臨界折現因子的影響，進而論證其對企業間進行合作所產生影響；效用函數的引入使得價格和運輸成本不再是決定消費者購買的唯一因素，消費者對產品的選擇不完全取決于消費者的位置，這會導致企業間定價和市場份額的非對稱性變化。It does this by permanently investing capital donations from individuals, foundations, corporations, governments, and from members of the scout movement who want to help young people learn positive values and become tomorrow ' s leaders
它將來自個人，其他基金會，社團法人，政府單位及各童軍會員國對童軍運動的捐助，為了能達到幫助青少年朋友學習一些正確的價值觀，以期能成為明日的領袖人才，長期的提供必要的資金。Neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become liable for any loss or damage to or in connexion with goods in an amount exceeding 100 pounds sterling per package or unit, or the equivalent of that sum in other currency unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading
承運人或是船舶，在任何情況下對貨物或與貨物有關的滅失或損害，每件或每計費單位超過一百英鎊或與其等值的其他貨幣的部分，都不負責；但托運人于裝貨前已就該項貨物的性質和價值提出聲明，並已在提單中註明的，不在此限。The outer ensuring mechanism mainly include the following items : the government issue ; the s ystematical safeguard to provide fund raising : the society establish the trusting mechanism to create a good environment of social morality ; provide safeguard of social morality to fund raising and so on. the inner operating mechanism mainly include the following items : the administrator of higher learning institution establish the management idea like enterprise ' s behavior, using like the enterprise ' s mechanism in the process of higher learning institution ' s fund raising, designing the organization mechanism of higher learning institution ' s fund raising and so on
其中，外部保障機制主要包括國家制定支持性和監控性制度提供籌資的制度保障，社會建立信任機制以營造良好的社會道德環境，為籌資工作提供社會道德保障等內容;內部運行機制主要包括高校管理者確立類企業行為經營理念，在高校籌資過程中採用類企業機制，以及從高校內部籌資決策權加勺分配、籌資人員激勵的方法和評價個人與業務單位籌資業績的系統三方面設計高校籌資的組織機制，等等。分享友人