支出概算 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhīchūgàisuàn]
支出概算 英文
estimate of expenditures
  • 支 : Ⅰ名詞1 （分支; 支派） branch; offshoot 2 （地支） the twelve earthly branches3 （姓氏） a surname...
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 支出 : 1. （付出去） pay; expend; disburse 2. （支付的款項） expenses; expenditure; outlay; disbursement
  • 概算 : financial estimates; budgetary estimate; approximate amount; rough calculation; general estimate...
  1. The thesis has summarized the development of the oblique - pull bridge, its construction technology and the importance of bridge construction control, then has introduced project general situation, and has narrated detailed regulation, organization construction, the major work and difficult part of this bridge construction control. the following is the key part of this thesis, firstly, it has introduced the experiment work of early stage, structural calculation and its theoretical result : the absolute altitude of each operating mode, the absolute altitude of building mould in each section and the absolute altitude after pouring concrete ; then, it has discussed the method and content of the line shape control of the main beam, actual absolute altitude of building mould is put forward, and it has described the method of structural stress monitoring, how to arrange measure point and collect data, and how to analyze data. it has also narrated the method of rope force detection and structural temperature inspection

    本論文在總結了斜拉橋的發展及其施工工藝，並指出了橋梁施工控制的重要性之後，簡要的介紹了工程概況，敘述了炳草崗金沙江大橋監控細則、組織機構及監控的主要工作和難點部分；論文的核心部分，在介紹了炳草崗金沙江大橋施工控制與監測工作的前期實驗工作和施工各工況標高、各節段支模標高、澆注混凝土后的標高的結構計算和其理論計算結果之後，詳細論述了主梁的標高線形控制方法和內容，實際支模標高的提出，結構應力監控的方法、布點、測讀及其對測讀數據的合理分析方法，索力檢測和結構溫度監測的方法。
  2. This thesis includes three parts : ( 1 ) the present situation of the defrayal and clearing system in china this part is mainly about the systems of management, defrayal means and niter - bank clearing. describing these three systems, this part outlines the defrayal and clearing system in china

    本文包括三個部分，具體如下： （ 1 ）中國銀行支付清算體系的現狀這部分主要敘述了中國銀行支付清算的管理體制、支付工具體系和聯行清算體系，本文擬通過這三個方面的描述，勾畫出中國銀行支付清算體系的概況。
  3. Brings forward the basic network cell model of symmetrical blast vault and asymmetric blast vault. then studies and analyses airflow in vault of main voltage switchyard hall of xiluodu hydropower station which is far cry and large numbers of airflow conflux, brings forward concept of “ virtual embranchment ” and corresponding basic network cell model, regresses calculate expressions of flux uniformity coefficient and impedance of “ virtual embranchment ” of vault of main voltage switchyard hall of xiluodu hydropower station

    而後又採用cfd數值模擬的方法對溪洛渡水電站主變洞排風拱頂這種多股氣流匯流的長距離通道內的氣流流動進行了分析，提出了「虛擬分支」的概念和相應的網路基元模型，並回歸得到了溪洛渡水電站主變洞排風拱頂各個排風「虛擬分支」風量均勻系數以及阻抗的計算公式。
  4. Abstract : based on the principle of mininmum potential and using rayleigh - ritz method, the geometric non - linear analysis of higher bridge piers was solved in this paper. the new concept of equivalent horizontal force proposed by the author may be casily to calculate the second effect, which was produced due to the vertical forces and resisted by the piers and rubber pad bearings incorporately. the simple formula in this paper are applicable to calculate by hand, understood clearly without computation of successive iteration, higher precision and graspable easily for the disigmer therefore it has the practical significance

    文摘:根據最小勢能原理，用瑞雷-里茲法解決了高橋墩的幾何非線性分析問題；其次，提出了等效水平力的新概念，可以方便地解決橋墩和板式橡膠支座聯合抵抗垂直力所產生的二次效應問題.筆者提出適合於手算的簡便計算公式，概念明確，勿須迭代運算，精度較高，易為設計人員掌握，因此具有實用價值
  5. A new concept of efficient support is proposed and its two liminal theorems are given and proved. the amelioration algorithm of fuzzy association rules discovery is raised based on efficient support. the uncertainty of the sepm process is noticed

    提出了模糊模式有效支持度的概念，對其閾值的選取給出了有關的定理；基於有效支持度對模糊關聯規則挖掘演算法進行了改進；研究了sepm中的不確定性，提出了模糊狀態演化模式挖掘（ fsepm ） ，並對實現過程進行了詳細研究，接下來引入有效支持度的概念對fsepm進行了優化。
  6. " now, madame, " continued debray, first opening the closet, then the chest ; - " now, madame, here are 800 notes of 1, 000 francs each, resembling, as you see, a large book bound in iron ; to this i add a certificate in the funds of 25, 000 francs ; then, for the odd cash, making i think about 110, 000 francs, here is a check upon my banker, who, not being m. danglars, will pay you the amount, you may rest assured.

    現在，夫人， 」德布雷打開衣櫃，拿出錢箱打開，繼續說， 「現在，夫人，這是八百張一千法郎的鈔票，你看，象是一本裝訂好的畫冊：此外，還有一筆二萬五千法郎的股息，余數，大概還有十一萬法郎原著計算錯誤。譯注，這是一張開給我的銀行家的支票，他，是會照數付給你的，你大可放心。 」
  7. Finally a much practical sketching tool, intelligent sketching based innovative design : isid, is implemented. the main research contents and achievements are articulated as follows : ( 1 ) sketch studies and the computer supported intelligent sketching technology firstly, the conventions and behavior characters of sketching, and the relations among design tasks, thinking ( intensions ) and sketching, are studied and summarized. then the computer supported sketching mode is given

    本文主要研究內容和成果概述如下： （ 1 ）草圖研究與智能草圖技術方法體系研究總結出草圖繪制習慣、行為特徵，以及草圖繪制活動與設計活動、思維活動之間的內在關系，確定了計算機環境下的草圖繪制模式，為計算機支持的智能草圖設計提供了必要的理論基礎。
  8. Mainly it is the status, time, people, and means of audit and so on. then it describes the general information and the character of the public finance audit in the usa, britain, and japan, and its goodness reference to our country. finally, study on adapting to the government budget reformation and the innovation of the public finance audit, and draw an conclusion that we should put the emphasis on adjusting the direction and get on well with the seven relations, improve the meanings of the audit, strengthen the budget ’ s execution and explore the audit on the efficient of the public finance expense

    本文從財政審計的概述入手，首先闡述了財政審計的涵義和構成;其次分析了政府預算的規范模式，展現了1979 - 1998年間我國國家預算制度的變化和1998年以來政府預算制度的改革;再次在以上分析的基礎上研究財政審計不適應預算改革的若干方面，主要是審計地位、審計時間、審計人員、審計方法等方面;接著擺出了美、英、日三國財政審計的概況和特點和對我國的借鑒意義;最後探討了如何適應政府預算改革深化財政審計，主要是調整財政審計改革的方向、處理好七種關系、改進財政審計方法、深化預算執行審計和積極探索財政收支績效審計。
  9. This is the concept of a finance side, budgetary receipts the income that i think even if plans, defray. also be to manage together

    這是個財政方面的概念，預算收入我認為就是計劃的收入，支出.也是同理
  10. The third part : according to the verified structural damage identification method and supposing the to - be identified parameters to be independent and have normal distribution, the scheme of identifying bridge structure damage is proposed by using the probability damage identification method. assume the zero - order, the first - order and the second - order perturbation statistics of the frequencies and the mode shapes of the bridge structures are known, and substitute them into the statistics property formulas of the frequencies and the mode shapes, as a result an objective function including the mean values and the variance of all the identified parameters is established. set

    對于連續梁橋，當損傷位置位於跨中附近時，大多數無損傷單元的損傷概率均在10 %左右，可作為小概率事件，不發生損傷，但與損傷單元相鄰的無損傷單元，其損傷概率達到20 %以上，很難被排除，只有對這些單元進行二次識別，才能得到比較可靠的計算結果;如果損傷位於支點附近時，則不會出現上述情況，對于無損傷單元，損傷概率都小於10 % ，不發生損傷，損傷識別結果
  11. In this essay we explain the basic conception, theory and method, apply the cscw technology into constitute shengli oil product corporation ' s 《 ocean oil production and coordination information system 》, and we expound the conception of computer video collaborative control model to resolve the problem that many application systems share the video information data though network. by this way, we supplied a very good basement for the ocean oil production management

    本文通過介紹計算機支持的協同工作的基本概念、理論和方法，將cscw的技術運用於構建勝利油田《海洋石油開發生產調度信息集成系統》 ，並提出了計算機視頻協同控制模型概念，以解決多個應用系統通過網路達到視頻信息數據共享的問題，為海洋石油開發生產調度管理提供了良好的基礎。
  12. Product design is a complicated thinking activity of creation of human. based on analyzing product design and its process, using a theory and method of aggregating and mapping, models of product design, process of product design, process of conceptual design of product were constructed, a frame of network arithmetic of a process of conceptual design of product was presented, its flow of decomposition and integration was particularly defined ， a good base for modeling and ruling of process of product design was founded. at one time, a useful exploration of development of a computer support implement for process of product design at all life cycle was made

    產品設計是一種復雜的人類創造性思維活動.在分析產品設計及其過程的基礎上，利用集合與映射的理論與方法，依此建立了產品設計、產品設計過程、產品概念設計過程的模型，給出了產品概念設計過程的網路演算法框圖，並且詳細定義了後者的分解與綜合的流程，為產品設計過程的模型化、規律化打下了良好的基礎，同時也為產品全生命周期設計過程計算機軟體支持工具的開發作出了有益的探索
  13. The selling, general and administrative expenses of 10. 39 per sent on sales price is based on global calculation for dissimilar products sold in the domestic market by one of the indian producers, persubably bombay dyeing, who sell their products through chain stores and under specific brand / trade names

    銷售、一般和管理開支占銷售的10 . 39 %的計算方法是以一家印度生產商對其在國內市場上供給的不同產品的全球計算方法為依據，這家公司大概是孟買染色公司，它利用連鎖店以特定品牌或商標出售其產品。
  14. We also analyze the influence of the boundary condition 、 safety distance and deceleration probability to the traffic flow. finally, we propose an crossroad modle. this model is made up of one main road and one branches ： traffic with lights placed on the crossing, vehicles " breaking while running and turning to other direction while jamming. we investigate the velocity and flow of the model when the initial density, the brake and turning probabilities, the green to signal ratio are changed. then the reasons causing all the kinds of phenomena are analyzed

    最後研究了周期性邊界條件下的十字路口的ca模型，該模型由一條主幹道和一條支道組成，在幹道與支道的交叉路口設置紅綠燈，車輛在運行中對突發事件發生反應的剎車，路口的車輛可以轉向等各種實際交通行為，並通過計算機模擬，研究模型在改變車輛的初始密度、剎車概率、轉向概率、紅綠燈信號的綠信比等各種情況下支、主幹道車輛的速度、流量的變化，並分析在各種情況下交通狀況的成因，提出改善交通的有效措施。
  15. Secondllv in the 1 d random traffic flow model. the relation function between the correlation and the creation. disappearance. brake probabilities of the vehicles is presented. according to the statistical mechanical approach to the spatial correlation functions. the theoretical results agree with that of the computer simulation. thirdh. based on the bml model. a main - road traffic flow model with two speeds on two dimensions is designed. this model simulate the traffic situation of one main road and several branches in the cit traffic lights placed on the crossing. vehicles breaking ~ vhile running and turning to other direction while jamming. we investigate the ~ ' e1ocitv and flo ~ ~ of the model when the initial densitvthe brake and turning probabilities. the green to signal rati3. thc number of the branches and the period of the signal are changed. then the reasons causing all the kinds of phenomena are analvzed. finallv. we simulate the bml model using the method of lattice boltzmann which ~ vas brought out by liu mu - renand obtain the velocity - density graph similar to the previous result. the upper critical densiw above which there are oniv jamming configurations. and the lo ~ ver critical density below which there are only moving configurations are the same as before. the boltzmann function which is on the lattices shows the moving and jaxmning transition obviouslv. thus it proves the possibilit of this method on the traffic research

    接著，建立了和研究了二維二速的主幹道模型，該模型模擬了城市交通中一條主幹道，多條支道的交通情況，在幹道與支道的交叉路口設置紅綠燈，車輛在運行中可以有對突發事件發生反應的剎車，在發生堵塞時，路口的車輛可考慮通過轉向來緩解交通等各種實際情況的發生，給出了車輛演化的演化方程，並通過計算機模擬，研究模型在改變車輛的初始密度、剎車概率、轉向概率、支道數、紅綠燈信號的綠信比、紅綠燈信號周期等各種情況下支、主幹道車輛的速度、流量的變化，並分析在各種情況下交通狀況的成因，提出改善交通的有效措施。最後，在劉慕仁提出的用格子boltzmann方法研究一維決定論交通流的思路下，將此法推廣到對二維bml模型的模擬上，得到了與用以往方法的研究結果相類似的速度-密度圖線，且車輛從運動相到堵塞相轉變的上下臨界密度是一致的，同時分別給出車輛在處于暢通相和堵塞相時， boltzmann函數在格子上的分佈情況，進一步驗證了此法的可行性。
  16. With the coming of information age, more and more people realize the importance of information. useful information hidden in plenty of data needs mining energently. the technology of data mining arises and develops unders such circumstance. the main tast of data mining is to extract or mine the useful information from the data. we can get great amount of data from the computer transaction every day. the data is very useful for us to make decisions on management. the paper concludes and introduces association rule about its concept, sort, model and step for mining the data, measure and some basic algorithm on the basis of the at research. at the same time, we analyse hopfield - network ' smodel, character, energy - function, movement - equation and so on. moreover, to the requirement of the system of information of computer - saling, we have done the following and there are good result. fisrt, considering the weight and constraint, we propose the algorithm for the weighted and constraint association rule

    本文首先對數據挖掘中的關聯規則和神經網路的已有成果作了詳細深入的調研，歸納和整理了關聯規則的概念、分類、關聯規則挖掘的模型與步驟、關聯規則的度量方法以及一些基本演算法；還歸納和整理了hopfield網路的模型、特徵、能量函數、運動方程等，並在此基礎上，結合電腦賣場信息支持系統提出的需求，做了如下工作，並取得了一定的成果和成效： （ 1 ）考慮加權與約束兩種情況，提出了既帶權重又帶約束的關聯規則提取演算法。
  17. Establishing 3 - d terrain models with vector contour lines and elevation terrain models with the help of the determination of space corresponding relations between contour lines, tile operation and branch operation. explanation of real - time reflection of terrain models, including three algorithms in lod technology, compared with quadtree algorithm, roam algorithm and the algorithm based on the intermediate belt, to show the advantages and disadvantages of the different situations of the terrains, so as to find out the right algorithm, the quadtree algorithm. developing and implementing the fast demonstration on the vc platform with three - dimentional visualization techniques, such as vrml and opengl, providing a persuasive argument for the research

    論文首先概括介紹了用等高線快速建立3d地面模型和顯示的相關技術，並論述了課題研究的背景和選題依據;其次，論文闡述了如何對等高線數據進行預處理，提出了有效的得到矢量化等高線的方法;再次用矢量化的等高線數據建立三維地面模型，通過等高線間的對應關系的確定、瓦片操作、分支操作建立地面的高程模型;然後論文對地面模型的實時渲染問題進行了深入闡述，主要是從lod技術的三種演算法著手進行研究，通過對比四叉樹演算法、 roam演算法和基於過渡帶演算法對不同種情況的地面數據顯示的優缺點，再結合本系統的地形數據的特點選擇了適合的演算法:四叉樹演算法;最後，用vrml和基於opengl的三維可視化技術在vc平臺上開發並實現了地形的三維快速顯示系統，為論文的研究內容提供了有力的論證。
  18. ( 3 ) conceptual design reuse in virtual enterprises the requirements of conceptual design reuse in virtual enterprise have been analyzed. then the methodology of building design reuse system based on pdm system is put forward. the integration of conceptual design information model and metadata of pdm is also researched, on the basis of which, the framework of conceptual design reuse that has multi - granularity is built

    （ 3 ）虛擬企業中的概念設計重用分析了虛擬企業中概念設計重用的需求，提出了基於pdm系統構建設計重用系統的方法，研究了概念設計信息模型與pdm元數據的集成，在此基礎上建立了多粒度層次的概念設計重用框架，同時還研究了設計意圖匹配的具體演算法和概念設計重用信息檢索的具體方法，最後研究了支持分佈異構環境下的互操作並具有松耦合結構的基於webservice的設計重用系統的體系結構和處理流程，並建立了概念設計標記語言。
  19. Pso is simple and efficient, so many researchers have been attracted by this algorithm, and furthermore, it converges fast by moving each particle aimed at guides when it deals with single - objective optimization, and these features are important in multi - objective optimization also. from some current research works, we describe a multi - objective particle swarm optimization algorithm ( mopso ) that incorporates the concept of the enhanced - dominance, we present this new concept to update the archive, the archiving technique can help us to maintain a sequence of well - spread solutions. a new particle update strategy and the mutation operator are shown to speed up convergence

    目前，國內外已有部分相關研究成果，但是它們在解集分佈性、收斂性方面仍存在不足，在吸取已有成果的基礎上，本文提出了一種改進的多目標粒子群演算法（ mopso ） ，使用我們提出的強支配概念構造外部種群，使解集保持良好的分佈性，同時，通過採用新的全局極值和個體極值的選取方式及採用新的種群更新策略加快解集的收斂，提出基於快速排序的非支配集構造方法加快演算法運行效率。
  20. Inplementation of the above in a prototype system named cacds in the first part of the thesis the general contents of computer aieded conceptual design and its status quo is inrtoduced. detailed definition of component feature model ( cfm ) and its relative operations are described in chapter 2. in chapter 3 we invited " " component feature space " as the key element in layout design, and a new constraints driven layout creation methodology, which is based on graph theory and human - computer cooperation, is discussed

    本文以國家863計劃項目? ? 「面向產品創新的計算機輔助概念設計技術的研究」為背景，以產品信息模型和求解方法為著眼點展開研究，主要貢獻在於： （ 1 ）拓展了組件特徵模型，使其可以支持概念早期設計階段的信息表達和推理； （ 2 ）提出了一種基於約束驅動，結合約束圖與人機合作的布局設計求解方法； （ 3 ）在cacd原型系統中，對上述兩點進行了實踐。
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