替代關系 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tìdàiguānxì]
替代關系 英文
substitutional relation
  • 替 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） replace; substitute for; supply [take] the place of 2 [書面語] （衰敗） decline Ⅱ...
  • 代 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） take the place of; be in place of 2 （代理） act on behalf of; acting Ⅱ名詞1 （歷...
  • 關 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使開著的物體合攏） close; shut 2 （圈起來） shut in; lock up 3 （倒閉; 歇業） close down...
  • 系 : 系動詞（打結; 扣） tie; fasten; do up; button up
  • 替代 : substitute for; supersede; replace; substitution; replacement
  1. In order to be the choice of hdtv, different kinds of displays develop much fast in the recent years. the dissertation introduces the development of all kinds of display, and gets the conclusion that, cpt still has the great advantage in the tv terminal field under the condition that the lcd is taking the place of cpt in the cdt field. the main research contents of cpt which includes high - luminance, high - contrast, high - definition, low - power, and complanation, have been investigated

    本文系統地闡述了hdtv用的顯示器件的基本要求及其發展歷史和現狀，介紹了各類顯示器件欲成為hdtv終端顯示近年來所作的努力；總結出了雖然在彩色顯示器（ cdt ）領域，液晶顯示器（ lcd ）已經大有取而代之之勢，但是在電視終端領域，彩色顯像管（ cpt ）還是有其不可替代的巨大優勢；並分析了高亮度、高對比度、高解析度、低功耗、平面化等cpt製造的關鍵技術和研究動向。
  2. Studies link cancer risks to hormonal drugs, such as diethylstilbestrol ( des ) taken during pregnancy and hormonal replacement therapy ( 1970s and 1980s )

    進行關于激素藥物與癌風險關系的研究，如在妊娠期間服用己烯雌酚（ des ）和激素替代治療（ 70年代到80年代）
  3. Undoubtedly, through the theory and empiricist analysis about cs, it is important for our country and other developing countries to keep the steady growth and stability of economy and finance in a long run based on the conception of cs, this thesis not only probes into the relations between cs and other economic variables but also discusses its affection on macro - economic policies

    無疑，通過對貨幣替代的理論實證分析，對保證我國及世界其他發展中國家的經濟長期穩定運行和增長，對保持金融的穩定，是具有重大意義的。本文從貨幣替代的含義出發，探討了貨幣替代與其他經濟變量的關系以及對宏觀經濟政策的影響，提出了一些政策和建議的思路。
  4. The effect of this is to substitute fortuitous and casual relationship for the more intimate and permanent associations of the smaller community.

    這實際上就是以偶然的、臨時的接觸關系，代替了小型社區中較親密的、穩定的人際聯系。
  5. Abstract : the almost ideal demand sy stem （ aids ） is used to condition of analy ze systematically the food consumption u rban inhabitants of henan province and a n aids model is set up as a basis to ana lyse the elasticities of demand expendit ure and price （ own price elasticity and cross - price elasticity ） the results show that among the five major groups of foo d consumption ， grain and poultry and egg are major consumer goods ， 55 of total ex penditure in urban housholds tobacco ， lig ur and tea ' s shares are decreasing ， as in come increasing all foods have leap out of the shortage ， and the substituting rel ationship among the foods is expanding

    文摘:利用幾乎理想系統（ aids ）對河南城鎮居民的食品消費狀況進行了系統分析，建立了幾乎理想需求系統模型，並在此基礎上進行了需求支出彈性和需求價格彈性（自價格彈性和交叉價格彈性）分析，結果表明，在5大類食品消費中，糧食和肉禽蛋是城鎮居民的主要消費品，約占食品消費的55 % ，煙酒茶消費份額隨著人們收入提高呈下降趨勢.各種食品跳出「短缺」困境，食品間的替代關系增加
  6. The relationship between efficiency and fairness is not absolutely contradictive but unified dialectically by supplementing each other

    摘要效率與公平之間並不存在絕對對立、此消彼長的替代關系，而是相輔相成的辨證統一關系。
  7. Any contradiction between public - own enterprises and market economy

    從企業和市場的替代關系看所有制問題
  8. To make full use of substitution of all relationships and to integrate all employment sources must reduce the relative costs, and the concrete measures are : to make career arms and employment plans in college and to show detailed employment plans and arms of the employing units ; to set up fully employment information service system and make complete use of the internet ; to construct the graduate employment markets and reinforce the montority of the medium service ; to enstrength the construction of employment centre of college

    利用替代關系，有機整合各類就業資源，可以降低就業成本，具體措施為：高校開展職業生涯規劃與就業指導，招聘單位有翔實的用人計劃和目標；建立健全就業信息服務體系，發揮網路優勢；規范大學生就業市場，加強對中介機構的監管力度；加強高校就業指導中心的建設。
  9. Muc is furtherly defined as intergenerational opportunity cost under sustainability context and the concept of relative value is built up to analyze its dynamic character. in the neoclassic growrh with the invariable substitution of resource for capital, the formulation of this relative value is deduced. for mpc, hotelling model is used to illuminate the relation between the change of mpc and the impossibilities of sustainable use of energy resources ; for mec, an optimal growth model with exhaustible energy resources and environment pollution is employed to calculate the optimal environment

    在可持續發展的條件下，將能源資源的邊際使用者成本進一步定義為代際機會成本，並建立相對價值的概念用於分析代際機會成本的動態變化，基於一個資本與資源存在確定替代關系的新古典經濟體系推導這種相對價值的表達式;在傳統的霍特林準則的基礎上，分析了邊際生產成本變化對資源可持續利用的影響;運用一個帶有資源與環境約束的最優增長模型，推導了邊際環境成本內部化的最優環境稅，並分析了這種稅收政策在實踐中的應用。
  10. From wu youru ' s " hundred beauties " to ye lingfeng ' s " art for art ' s sake " decos to guo jianying ' s " new sensibility " to zhang ailing ' s series of ugly women, the shanghai artists of one generation after another had made it fashionable to use illustrations as or participation in textual narrative, opening a multiple space for medium narration and forming a relation of echoes, coherency, transgression and displacement

    從吳友如的「百艷圖」到葉靈鳳的「唯美頹廢主義」裝飾畫到郭建英的「新感覺主義」漫畫到張愛玲的醜女系列，一代又一代海派藝術家以插圖參與文本敘事，製造時尚潮流，開辟媒體敘述的多重空間，彼此構成一種呼應、銜接、超越、更替的關系。
  11. From the view of transaction cost, both of them have institutional substitute relationships based on the compare of transaction cost when they allocate capital resources. and to the practice of market reform in china, those relationships mean that china market reform and capital market development are overall processes to lower the social transaction cost by substituting market for government and developing capital market for public finance

    從交易費用視角看，兩者在資本要素配置上具有基於交易費用比較基礎上的制度替代關系，反映在中國市場化改革實踐上就是中國市場化改革和資本市場發展在總體上是一個以市場對政府、在資本形成上以發展中的資本市場對政府財政的制度替代從而降低社會總體交易費用的過程。
  12. They can substitute each other and, instead, they have reasonable boundaries

    二者不是替代關系，而是有著合理的界限。
  13. Markuson ( 1983 ) disagrees about that and argues that the relationship should be substitution by assuming different consumer preference in the two countries

    馬庫森（ 1983 ）不同意上述觀點，他通過假設兩國消費者擁有不同的偏好而得出兩者應為替代關系的結論。
  14. However, as be pointed out by recent literatures, it ’ s still controversial whether there is a substitute relation or a complementary relation between foreign direct investment and international trade

    然而，正如已有文獻所指出的，外商直接投資與國際貿易究竟是互補關系還是替代關系仍然是較具爭議性的問題。
  15. The development of enterprise firstly depends on the birth and expansion of the transactions of element use right, which is the development of element market. the relationship between enterprise and market is not simply a kind of substitution but a sort of advance and dependence

    企業的發展首先必須有要素使用權交易的簽訂與擴大，這就是要素市場的發展，企業與市場並不是簡單的替代關系，企業與市場是相互促進、互為基礎的。
  16. The relations between apec and its sub - regional mechanisms is just to a certain extent like that between economic globalization and regional economic integration : they are mutually complementary and also compete each other in some way, not necessarily in a position of replacing each other

    Apec與次區域組織的關系在一定程度上與經濟全球化和區域經濟一體化的關系一樣，既相互融合、相互補充，又相互競爭、相互對立，不存在必然的替代關系。
  17. Chapter 3 : introducing the strategic alliance of the foreign biotech medicine enterprise. first, we carry on the condition of the biotech medicine business enterprise. secondly, we find the advisement from learning the foreign biotech medicine enterprise chapter 4 : to the northeast chinese medicine business enterprise

    本論文以構建東北地區的戰略聯盟的模式研究作為主線，由於中醫藥產品與生物制藥產品的替代關系，參考國外和國內的生物制藥企業戰略發展模式，尋找東北地區的中醫藥企業戰略聯盟的有效途徑。
  18. Under different combinations of production factors, the optimum technological investment is studied. cases in which technological factors take the place of labor and capital factors are analyzed. the attribute of the production function with three factors is analyzed and the theoretical model of optimum technological growth rate under continuous change is set up

    研究了生產要素不同組合條件下，技術適度投入問題；研究了勞動、資本和技術三要素生產函數中，技術增長對勞動和資本的要素替代關系；分析了三要素生產函數的性質；構建了技術連續增長條件下的技術增長率優化理論模型。
  19. The empirical result indicates that when grains & feeds importer import the corn, the corn import quantity and consumer surplus facing increase in corn import price under uncertainty, will larger than results of facing increases in soybean import price under uncertainty ; when grains & feeds importer import the soybean, the soybean import quantity and consumer surplus facing increase in corn import price under uncertainty, will larger than results of grains & feeds import price under certainty

    因此，雜糧進口商在進行相關雜糧進口需求決策制訂時，除考量不同雜糧進口價格之波動與變異程度外，其它相關雜糧進口價格之訊息與雜糧間之互補（或替代）關系亦必須納入雜糧進口商之進口需求決策依據。
  20. First of all, both r & d labor and r & d capital input variables are introduced into the input vector, and a two - level ces production function model is constructed to describe the technology of production. then the firm - level cross - section data of shanghai ’ s main manufacturing industries in 2003 is employed to study the input - output effect of r & d as well as the substitution relationship among input factors. moreover, the thesis also makes a methodological discussion of multicollinearity, and proposes a feasible approach to deal with the problem

    首先，在生產函數的投入要素向量中引入r & d投入變量，包括r & d人力投入和r & d資本投入;然後，結合相關的研究經驗和本文的研究目的，構建了相應的二級ces生產函數模型;在此基礎之上，採用2003年上海主要製造業企業的橫截面數據，分行業研究了r & d投入對產出的作用以及r & d投入與非r & d投入之間的替代關系。
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