最初費用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zuìchūbìyòng]
最初費用 英文
initial cost
  • 最 : 副詞（表示某種屬性超過所有同類的人或事物） most; best; worst; first; very; least; above all; -est
  • 初 : Ⅰ名詞1 （開始的部分） at the beginning of; in the early part of 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ助詞（附著...
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 最初 : prime; initial; first
  • 費用 : cost; expenses; outlay
  1. Even if you initially acquired the digital cash or credit for free through a loyalty or bonus point scheme, for example, the accumulated " savings " represent value which you would doubtless wish to protect

    即使你最初是免費取得數碼現金或信用例如通過常客積分計劃或獎勵積分計劃取得，你累積的"儲蓄"始終具有價值，相信你必定想好好保護。
  2. Primary education receives the lion's share of third world expenditures.

    初等教育占據了第三世界教育費用的最大部分。
  3. Section iii proposes a possible organization of a reactive power market, a regional reactive power market established according to the distribution of the load and the reactive supply. the regional reactive power market is composed of a reactive energy market based on marginal pricing and a reactive capacity market based on a reactive regulating capacity payment. the cases in section iv, based on the market organization proposals and the reactive bid structure previously presented, performed on a five - bus system and the ieee 14 bus system, are used to analysis the effects of active bid, voltage control and power factor on the reactive marginal price

    本文首先回顧了電力市場發展的歷史和現狀；然後對市場中的定價方法和無功輔助服務的內容及特點進行了總結，並介紹了一些國家的無功輔助服務市場模式和交易方法；接著立足我國國情，提出了單邊開放電力市場下的無功市場框架：即根據負荷和無功源的分佈特點建立區域無功市場，各區域無功市場又由相應的無功電量市場和無功容量市場組成；並提出了該無功市場模式下的機組報價模型和基於報價的以系統總購電費用最小為目標的無功電價計算方法；最後用一個5節點系統和ieee14節點系統進行了實例分析，初步研究了發電機有功報價、系統電壓控制以及負荷功率因數對無功電價的影響，得出了一些有借鑒意義的結論。
  4. Optimal periodic control with the lowest operational cost by limiting total substrate discharge mass was studied. through adding new state variable and using supplement functions, the problem with restriction conditions was converted into nonrestriction problem. in addition, the dynamic searching method of optimal step coefficient was developed to modify the conventional gradient method, consequently the calculation problem of the multivariable optimal periodic control was able to be resolved better. it was found that the operational costs of optimal control under various initial states are distinctly different. a new concept of optimal control under optimal initial state was presented. it is pointed out emphatically that to the treatment system without optimal control condition, the suboptimal control with extensive practical value can be realized according to the results of optima control

    著重研究了在限制有機物排放總量時，使其運行費用最低的最優周期控制問題.通過增加新的狀態變量和用補償函數法，將本課題的有約束條件問題化為無約束條件問題，並提出了最優步長參數的動態搜索法來修改傳統的梯度法，從而較完善地解決了多變量最優周期控制的計算問題.研究中還發現了不同初始條件下最優控制所需要的運行費用也大不相同，進而提出了最優初始狀態下最優周期控制的新概念，這對保證出水質量的同時進一步降低污水處理成本來說具有更重要的意義.本文還強調指出：對于尚不具備實現最優控制條件的處理系統，可根據最優控制的研究結果實現具有廣泛實用價值的準最優控制
  5. Initially, the estimated project cost was $ 750 million, which was $ 150 million more than plover cove

    工程費用最初估計約達7 . 5億元，較船灣淡水湖高出1
  6. Nibco ball valves are designed and manufactured to give maximum performance on recommended service at the lowest possible initial and upkeep cost

    美國尼伯科設計和製造的球閥在所推薦的應用領域，以最可能低的初始購置成本和維護保養費用，提供最大的使用性能。
  7. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  8. On one hand, these reforms are caused by market and economic adjustment, on the other hand, it is also the initiative exploration of the administration structure but the exploration is unsuccessful, the corresponding results include that the financial burden is heavy, and bank and the listed companies sacrifice medium and small investor ' s interests etc. because the listed company only regards security market of our country as the place to use the fund free at first, there is no comparativity between utilizing bond financing, bank loan, and other channels to raise enterprise development funds and stock financing

    從上世紀80年代初期以前的財政資金供給到銀行信貸資金的供給，再到利用資本市場進行股票及債券等融資方式的出現，這些改革一方面是市場以及經濟環境的變化引起的迫不得已的調整，另一方面也是企業（或主管部門）為了提高企業效率，完善企業內部治理結構的主動探索。但從結果上來看，這些探索並不成功，相應的出現了財政負擔過重，銀行不良資產過多以及上市公司犧牲中小投資者利益，在市場上「圈錢」等現象。由於上市公司最初僅僅是把我國的證券市場當作獲取免費使用資金的場所，利用債券融資、銀行貸款等渠道籌措企業發展資金和股票融資沒有可比性。
  9. To highest the medical treatment fee that pays limitation above, do not solve inside limits of insurance of primary medical treatment, and need is sure to wait for compensatory form to solve through commercial medical treatment, this is our country socialism primary level national condition and get used to socialist market economy to develop a decision

    對于最高支付限額以上的醫療費用，則不在基本醫療保險范圍內解決，而需要通過商業醫療保險等補充形式來解決，這是我國社會主義初級階段國情和適應社會主義市場經濟發展所決定的。
  10. In this paper, a single product stochastic inventory model with a random input and a certain output was proposed, and moreover, given the maximum price the firm would be willing to pay to the end user, the critical value policy depending on the initial inventory level is optimal

    本文採用價格對回收數量進行控制，基於一個具有可控隨機輸入、固定輸出的單產品隨機庫存模型，在給定最大回收價格的前提下，以單周期期望庫存費用最小為目標，證明了依賴于初始庫存的關鍵值策略結構為最優定價結構。
  11. The result can be shown in three ways : grid, report table, graphic. with these functions, workers can master the railway status very well to manage the maintenance directed against the problem. finally, on the basis of using the experience of other countries and department for reference, the thesis brings forward some critical technologies needed in system including : forecast model

    最後，在借鑒國內外線路維修經驗和其他部門維修工作的基礎上，就系統開發和完善過程中所需要的一些核心技術進行了初步探討，如：線路不平順預測模型、養護?費用模型、維修決策模型等。
  12. If the mortgage lender wishes to have the liability of the guarantor increased under the model guarantee form, it must seek the express consent of the guarantor

    標準擔保書的結構，將擔保人最初的責任規限於按揭貸款和有關的利息費用及支出。
  13. The hong kong arts festival web site is designed for the 2000 hong kong arts festival. whilst primarily used as a site for ticket booking and information marketing purposes, this site has significant focus on cross - referenced information, services for the user and freebies games

    香港藝術節網址是為二千年香港藝術節而設，雖然最初只作為門券訂購及提供資料和宣傳之用，但此網址其實提供多方面的參考資料，並為用戶提供免費服務贈品和游戲。
  14. Mullet, best known for his design for the executive office building in washington, had originally designed the building with a clock tower. large cost overruns probably caused it to be left out

    Alfred bult mullet最著名的代表作是位於華盛頓的executive office building ，他最初的作品是一座帶鐘塔的建築，但大概是因為費用嚴重超標而擱淺。
  15. This funding will be included with the initial 70 percent payment of the governor ' s allocation if the expense statement is received by ri before 15 may

    如果國際扶輪在5月15日以前收到該費用報告單，則這筆資金就會被加入最初支付給總監的70 %撥配金額之內。
  16. Total cost of office space amounted $ 388, 321 ( 3, 069, 732 chinese yuan ), which included initial cost, initial build out expenses, title, registration and taxes, and one time payment to the building repair fund

    辦公單位的總計花費為388 ， 321美元（ 3 ， 069 ， 732元人民幣） ，包括最初成本，最初擴建花費，頭銜，注冊和稅務，以及一次性支付的大樓維修費用。
  17. In the recent years, because of the continuous increasing of our national economy, the steady increasing of resident income, and the changing of automobile consume environment, the automobile market appeared a good increasing situation. the automobile component industry of our country grew up with the development of the whole car business enterprise. it is a developing industry with lage potential. the present condition of the automobile industry expresses that the china automobile component industry is currently in the construction - adjusting stage

    Jit采購起源於日本豐田汽車公司，最初它只是作為一種減少庫存水平的方法， 20世紀80年代初西方國家開始重視jit研究並運用於生產管理，而今，它已經成為一種管理理念，它的基本思想在於把合適的數量、合適的質量，在合適的時間供應到合適的地點，消除了物料流動過程中一切無效環節、無效作業和浪費。
  18. Initially, e - markets will produce lower transaction costs and quicker procurement cycle - times, although the benefit set will ultimately expand to include supply chain efficiency, particularly as it relates to product design

    最初，雖然利潤的確定方面最終與供貨鏈的效率緊密相連，尤其當它涉及到產品設計方面，但是電子市場還是會降低交易費用而且縮短成交的周期。
  19. Expense reports documenting the use of the initial 70 percent must be received before the disbursement of additional funds

    在沒有收到最初的70 %使用費用報告單的證明文件之前，將不會支付額外的資金。
  20. Therefore, based on the resistance formulae which is obtained at the beginning of this paper, the mathematic model which sets the economic value as the objective function can be established, and then uses optimization method to get the best structure of the filter when its first invest, maintenance together with operating costs are most economical. and the different results gaining from resistance and economic analysis are compared at the end

    因此本文最後著重在經實驗最終確立的阻力公式基礎上，以多管式高效過濾器的經濟性指標為目標函數建立數學模型，採用有約束單目標多變量的最優化方法，計算得出了該種過濾器初投資和運行維護的費用總經濟性最優時的結構參數，並與僅從阻力方面考慮所得到的結果進行了分析比較。
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