最大擴張期 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zuìdàkuòzhāngqī]
最大擴張期
英文
maximum extension-
This work carries out a temporal - spatial analysis and comparison in facial pattern, grain - size, and susceptibility of the sediments of the hunshandake sandy land ( hsl ) on the basis of studies of more than fifty geological sections, a number of samples collected from surface sands as well as results derived from previous studies. the preliminary results of this work provide new environmental information of the working area, which makes it possible to have a brief discussion about the evolution of the hsl since the late glacial epoch. this work can be summarized as the followings
晚冰期，渾善達克沙地全面擴張，達到了沙漠化最大規模，剖面中的古風成砂是最直接的證據，此時氣候乾冷；全新世早中期，渾善達克沙地成壤比較好，是一個大面積成壤期，相當于全新世適宜期，此時氣候暖濕；全新世晚期，渾善達克沙地沙漠化正過程加強，在沙地各剖面上普遍發育風沙沉積，氣溫較乾冷；目前：渾善達克沙地為另一成壤期，成壤作用相對于適宜期較差，氣候乾暖。Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映Through the research of the tension in vivo, the immediate retraction rate and histology examination about the different ways and different maintaining, we get : the increase area of the rapid and conventional expansion has little difference with the expanded time ; however it has significant difference with the maintaining time. it shows that shortening the expanded time is feasible in clinic, but shortening the maintaining time is out of the question ; after the capsule is removed, immediate retraction rate of the expanded skin notably decreased, significantly different from those with intact capsule ; the collagen content of the rapid expansion is just the same as the conventional expansion, but the changes of the histology dependences on the maintaining time. comparison with conventional expansion, rapid expansion has no significant drawback ; maintaining a period after expansion can greatly increase the area of expanded skin and reduce immediate retraction
通過對不同擴張期、不同方式和不同維持期對擴張皮膚的在體張力、即時回縮和皮膚組織學的研究，得到：快速擴張和常規擴張最後獲取的皮瓣，面北京工業大學工學博士學位論文一積增加差別不大；擴張皮膚的面積增加和張力下降與維持期的長短有關；而與擴張期的長短關系不大，說明在皮膚擴張術中可以縮短注水時間，但是維持時間不能縮短；擴張皮膚去除包膜后的即時回縮率下降，與未去除包膜的相比較有明顯差異；快速擴張皮膚的膠原含量變化與常規擴張的基本一致，擴張皮膚的組織學變化與維持期的關系較為密切，與擴張方式關系不大；快速擴張和常規擴張相比，快速擴張沒有明顯的破壞作用；擴張結束后，維持一段時間，能有效的提高擴張面積且能有效地減少回縮。Clinically, socket expansion therapy with progressive enlarging conformer and prosthesis in the early life is a simple and effective ways of treatment for congenital microphthalmos
為了改善病人的外觀，在臨床上最簡便的方法是在早期使用逐漸加大的眼窠成形器或義眼來做眼窠擴張治療。After 1989, the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan ", the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money ", specifically, those listed companies that could finance from the stock market, began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998, the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets, overcapacity, the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries, led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income, persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks, which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks
如在改革開放初期，在產品市場需求旺盛和信貸市場預算軟約束的情況下，各類企業的最優決策就是採用高負債、高擴張的「負債的有限責任效應」策略來搶占市場並獲得高回報； 1989年以後，需求增速開始放緩，面臨產品市場產業集中度較低和信貸市場「信貸緊縮-不良貸款」循環陷阱導致的中小企業資金緊張的局面， 「錢袋鼓鼓」的優勢企業（尤其是那些可以通過股票市場融通資金的上市公司）紛紛採用掠奪性定價策略，試圖通過把中小企業擠出市場來擴大市場份額並獲得高收益； 1998年以後，產品市場和信貸市場形成了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」惡性循環的狀況。產品市場上部分行業生產能力嚴重過剩，且由於體制等原因導致虧損企業無法退出，因此這些行業中出現了過度競爭的現象，企業總體收益的不斷下滑、負債率不斷提高以及銀行不良資產率的持續上升，又進一步加強了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」的惡性循環。In the second part of the thesis, we consider a one - dimensional dynamical system with only one discontinuous - critical point and prove that the set of periodic points is uniform hyperbolic if such a map is globally expanding. han shuguang ( dynamic system & ergodic theory ) directed by prof. cao yongluo
本文第二部分對具有唯一臨界間斷點的一維映射的動力學性質進行了探討，利用最大單調區間的辦法，由映射的整體擴張性證明了映射的周期點集的一致雙曲性。With the sharply competition in international market, the enterprises in china choose m & a to expand and enter the international market. in view of the cases about m & a in china and oversea, however, the successful enterprises in m & a are not more than 15 % of these. the reasons of leading to failure in m & a are no good integration, especially in culture, to lost customers, to lost key staffs, so efficient integration must be considered before to choose the target enterprises, then manager need to evaluate the target enterprises, to help to choose the target enterprises at the beginning of m & a, and not lead to hard in the integration and decrease of value for not selecting the target enterprises
隨著國際市場的競爭日趨激烈，我國企業相繼採用並購的方式進行擴張，進入國際市場，然而，縱觀國內外的並購案例，真正成功的案例不超過15 % ，導致並購失敗的原因絕大多數存在於整合不利或整合無效，其中由於文化沖突、員工流失、客戶流失等最為突出，因此在進行目標企業選擇時就應該考慮是否能有效整合的相關事項，並進行評估，方便並購初期對目標企業的取捨，不至於造成目標企業選擇不當而導致的整合困難和價值減少。分享友人