最小經濟規模 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zuìxiǎojīngjìguīmó]
最小經濟規模 英文
minimum economic size
  • 最 : 副詞（表示某種屬性超過所有同類的人或事物） most; best; worst; first; very; least; above all; -est
  • 小 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （體積、面積、數量、強度等不大） small; little; petty; minor 2 （年紀小的; 年幼的） youn...
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 規 : Ⅰ名詞1 （畫圓形的工具） instrument for drawing circles 2 （規則; 成例） rule; regulation 3 [機械...
  • 模 : 模名詞1. （模子） mould; pattern; matrix 2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  • 規模 : scale; scope; dimensions
  1. In the 20 years of reform and opening, shandong peninsula is the typical area in china with rapid economic development. the transition of second and third industr ies has achieved periodical success, but are facing fundamental structural and in stitutional confilects at present. the paper analyses the status in quo, advantage s and disadvantages of the transition, discusses the trends and rational patterns, and put forward the countermeasures of the transition. the author attempts to us e economic functions analyzing two kinds of develop patterns so as to compare th eir advantages. the paper strengthened the importance of labor intensified indust ry which is often ignored ; find out the key point of the transition of capital in tensified industry, extraverted economy and the third industry ; integrating the development rules of industry and region, bring forward the method of “ choosing priority, half step and walk faster ” for the growth of knowledge economy which is widely noticed recently

    山東半島是改革開放20年來區域經濟發展較快、在國內具有典型意義的地區，該區二三產業的轉型已取得初步成果，但仍面臨突出的結構性和體制性矛盾.本文分析了山東半島二三產業轉型的現狀、利弊條件，探討了轉型的趨勢和適宜模式，最後提出了對策和措施.文中嘗運用柯布?道格拉斯方程進行兩種發展模式的對比分析以辨別利弊，強調了常為人忽視的勞動密集型產業的作用，論述了發展資本密集型產業、外向型經濟及第三產業的重點，結合產業和區域發展規律，對近來廣受關注的知識經濟的發展提出了「選擇重點、小步快走」的觀點
  2. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  3. Next, evaluation of cooperative and related theories has been made in social and historical origin, effect and the influence and development, and pointed out : cooperative is resulted from the combination between fair need and marketing system ; cooperative can not achieve the society objectives that the utopian socialism person sought ; nowadays economy productivity makes the cooperative one kind of available form of organization for the weak power colony for seeking the economic interest possesses extensively

    從成本最小化與交易費用的角度出發，人們選擇合作經濟組織形式的實質是合作社所做的作業比合作成員個別完成更能節省生產成本和交易成本，並從中分享規模經濟和范圍經濟的利益。 3合作經濟的所有制形式以合作經濟理論述評和合作經濟質的分析為基礎，本章探討合作經濟的所有制性質與形式。第一，生產資料全部屬勞動者個人所有的形式。
  4. Different measures should be taken in different stages : consolidation and improvement in primary schools, compulsory education in junior middle schools. we should broaden scale of running schools, rearrange school layouts reasonably, use both putonghua and leye dialect to teach based on " 16 words " policy, improve teachers " quality and further skills training by making good use of extra labor power. through the measures mentioned above, zhuang nationality children in leye county will show other people a new look which is completely different from what they used to be

    為了整體素質的提高，首先要形成現代民族觀念，學好母語，掌握好漢語，這樣才能發展民族文化，弘揚民族精神；其次要海納百川，以開放的心態吸納其他民族及國外先進文化；最後，要大力發展教育事業，建立終身教育體系，小學階段遵循鞏固提高方針，初中階段盡快「普九氣適當擴大初中和高中的辦學規模，調整小學和初中學校布局，根據雙語教學的「十六字」方針以樂業縣壯語來進行雙語教學，普通教育和職業教育都要提高師資素質，職業技術教育著眼于農業、特色綠色經濟作物及剩餘勞動力轉移進行培訓。
  5. Secondly, through systematic analysis of the grade - scale structure, functional structure and spatial structure of the urban and towns in tianshui city, the conclusion is drawn in the paper that the problems of urban and towns system is as follows : unreasonable structure, smaller scale and relatively less in number of urban and towns. then it offers the convinc ing proof of establishing a new urban and towns system. thirdly, based on the analysis above, the paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to enhance the development of the urban and towns system, including strengthening the function of tianshui city as a central city, reasonably developing small cities such as qin ' an county, gangu county and wushan county, enhancing the constructed level of critical villages and towns, developing ordinary villages and towns and harmony their development in the whole

    本文在對天水城鎮體系范圍確定的基礎上，以多種區域及城市發展理論為指導，首先對天水城鎮體系的歷史形成過程、區域基礎和經濟發展現狀進行了全面總結；其次，系統分析了天水城鎮體系的等級規模結構，職能結構和空間結構，得出天水城鎮體系目前存在的問題是：結構不合理，城鎮規模小，數量少，從而為天水城鎮體系的構建提供依據；再次，根據前文分析結果，提出了天水城鎮體系發展的對策：強化中心城市天水市的功能，合理發展縣級小城市，如秦安縣、甘谷縣、武山縣等；大力提高重點鄉鎮的建設水平，積極發展一般鄉鎮，並促使各級城鎮協調發展；最後本文提出了為落實天水城鎮體系發展的保障措施。
  6. Urban planning control and the externalities of urban land use, a very classical problem just to be tackled by this paper is going to follow the very new progress of current economics and take cases of " village within the city ", a problem appeared in the urbanization in china, massive demolishing of illegal buildings in urban area, and the property dispute about the right of sunlight and green land as examples to conduct the study step by step on the externality of land use, transaction cost, property right, government regulation and the rule by law with the help of the author ' s experience gained from years of management in the grass - root office work

    本文正是抓住「城市土地使用的外部效果與規劃控制」這一涉及我國土地資源利用和經濟發展的重大問題，利用主流經濟學的最新進展，以中國城市化中的「城中村」問題、大規模拆除違章建築行動、小區居民捍衛「陽光權」 、 「綠地權」等房產糾紛為背景，結合筆者在廣州市十多年的管理經驗，圍繞外部效果、交易費用、產權、政府規制等深層上的問題展開研究。
  7. On the basis of the study of the theory and appraise method on land use in the small towns from home and abroad, this paper at first conducts a deep study on the development and role of the small towns, indicating that its development has sawn an uneven development phrase and becomes a carrier of the enterprises, a pool of surplus laborers, a hub of material exchanges between the rural and urban areas, a base of spiritual civilization, an important way to achieve urbanization. second, it conducts a study on the situation and features and the problems the land use, indicating that the efficiency of the land use is low, which has a direct influence on the development of agriculture and the role of the small towns. and the study of the demand of the land indicates the shortage of land is serious, and the small town must rationally use the land and increases its intensive role and the economical efficiency to meet the demand

    在分析國內外已有關于小城鎮土地利用的理論與評價方法的基礎上，首先對小城鎮在我國的發展、地位和作用進行了深入的分析，判明我國小城鎮發展經歷了一個曲折向上的發展階段，已成為鄉鎮企業的載體，農村剩餘勞動力的蓄水池，城鄉物資交流的樞紐，農村精神文明的基地，是我國城市化的重要途徑；其次，對小城鎮土地資源利用現狀和特徵進行了探討，並對發展小城鎮建設導致的土地利用問題進行了剖析，表明目前我國大多數小城鎮土地效益和規模效益低下，佔用耕地過多，直接影響農業的發展，影響小城鎮的地位和作用；通過小城鎮土地供需分析研究表明，我國土地短缺十分嚴峻，小城鎮土地需求缺口較大，小城鎮必須合理利用現有土地，增強集約功能和土地經濟效益，從而緩解需求壓力；最後，論文通過運用特爾菲法，描述統計分析法、多元統計分析（主成分分析）法和系統分析法中的層次分析法（ ahp ）等一系列方法，結合定性和定量兩方面，從土地質量、土地資源數量與結構、土地經濟效益、環境效益、社會效益等五個方面進行分析，篩選、建立了土地資源利用評價指標體系，在因子評價的基礎上，建立了土地利用綜合評價模型，並給出了評價過程和方法。
  8. Small firms cannot reap economies of scale or exploit the latest technology, and so suffer from lower productivity than big firms

    小型公司不能達到經濟規模，或者採用最新技術，而這也使小型公司的生產率比大公司要低。
  9. The usage quantity of chemical fertilizer and diesel 0 : 1take the first place in our province, the effective irrigated area is ninety percent of the cultivated area with the development of the economy and the improvement of the quality of the people who are engaged in agriculture, the agricultural production also changes : one aspect is the number of the labours who are engaged in agricultural prosecution is decreasing year by year. the labours of the rural areas are liberated from farming step by step and more and more labours take up the third industries and processing industries of the agricultural products and so on. the agricultural production calls for saving cost, racing against time and decreasing consumption. the other aspect is the quality of the people who are engaged in the agricultural production has some changes, that is the number of the labours whose ages are below 25 is

    隨著經濟的發展和從業人員素質的提高農業生產也發生了變化，一方面人力投入糧食生產的比例在逐年下降，從事農業生產的農村勞動力逐年縮少，農村勞動力逐步從農業勞作中解放出來，走向農村第三產業和農產品加工行業等等，農業生產也隨時要求實現節本、爭時、減耗;同時，農業生產中一家一戶小規模生產經營方式和產業結構調整帶來的「插花地」的種植模式，使常規的保護性耕作措施不能完全適應現代農村農業生產的實際需要，結合秸稈還田以耙耕或旋耕代替傳統的鏵式犁翻耕是當前農業生產最為適宜的耕作方式。
  10. At the same time, using the results of model, the paper provides the optimization irrigation quota and the aim of high yield and high benefit based on the principle that the net benefit of unit water is highestusing the model, we can reasonably distribute the irrigation water for spring - wheat during growing period on the condition of different irrigation quota. through evaluating the comparative yield by the model, the paper gains that the reduction of spring - wheat output is biggest when the irrigation quote is between 100 and 200. the thesis also gains that the corresponding economic irrigation quota is 170 - 120m3 / 667m2. above results can provide scientific reference for irrigation water optimization distribution for crops in the individual irrigation area and the programming of irrigation district

    在現有的生產條件下，可以利用模型在不同的灌溉定額下對春小麥生育期灌水進行合理的分配，並可以利用模型進行作物相對產量的評估，得出當灌溉定額在100 m 200范圍內時，春小麥的產量下降幅度較大，最後得出相應的經濟灌溉定額為170 120m ~ 3 667m ~ 2 ，為今後河套灌區各灌域多作物灌溉水量最優分配以及灌區的規劃設計方面提供了科學參考依據。
  11. The main work of this paper was as fellows : ( 1 ) generalized the development of pre - stressed steel structure in our nation and abroad, and pointed out the main problem in practice ; ( 2 ) presented the mechanism of pre - stressed steel structure and revealed its applicable range ; ( 3 ) established the optimization design model for pre - stressed steel structure, which accounts for constraints on stresses and displacements of structure ; ( 4 ) brought forward the optimization design method, which combined linear programming and the principle of full restriction, through which we can obtain the magnitude of each time pre - stress and the optimized sections of each members of structure ; ( 5 ) analyzed the best times of pre - stress and pointed out that 2 ~ 3 times is preferable ; ( 6 ) conducted optimization design on large - space steel roof, horizontal parallel steel truss with local cables, horizontal parallel steel truss with global cable, and ultra - static steel truss, the result of which indicated that the multiple pre - stress structure is very economic ; ( 7 ) compared different schemes of cable placement for horizontal parallel steel truss, and the results showed that the local cable only unloaded the second girders, but had no response on the first girders and stomach poles, while global cable could unload the second girders and the stomach poles outside of turning point of cable, thus proving that global cable is more economic than local - cable

    本文的主要工作是：對國內外預應力鋼結構的發展歷史及現狀作了綜述和總結，指出當前預應力鋼結構工程實踐中存在的主要問題；闡述了預應力鋼結構的受力機理，並指出預應力鋼結構的適用范圍和特點；在考慮結構應力和變位約束的條件下，建立預應力鋼結構優化設計模型；提出多次預應力鋼結構優化設計方法和步驟，採用線性規劃和滿約束準則相結合的優化方法，可優化設計出施加的每一級預應力的大小，並得到結構各部分的優化截面；對多次預應力最佳的施加次數作了分析，並建議以2 3次為宜；為驗證文中理論和方法，分別對大跨多次預應力鋼屋架、局部布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架、整體布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架和局部布索的超靜定鋼桁架等算例進行了優化設計，經濟效益明顯；對水平平行弦鋼桁架的幾種施加預應力的方案進行比較，對于局部布索，預應力只對下弦起到卸載作用，對上弦和腹桿基本不起作用；而整體布索預應力除對下弦卸載外，對索折點以外部分腹桿也起到卸載作用，經濟效益好於局部布索。
  12. By analyzing the factors affecting enterprise expansion ratio and redefining the ratio in entropy thinking, the paper points out that expansion must be based on its basic elements of internal strength and weakness such as core competence, and external environment will determine the size of its expansion, speed and scope of the economy in order to achieve the minimum entropy internal and achieve sustainable development, which provides new thinking for expansion strategy and management

    摘要通過對影響企業擴張度因素的分析以及熵思想下企業擴張度的重新界定，指出企業擴張必須遵循的原則就是，擴張必須基於自身核心競爭能力等內部基本元素的強弱與外部環境來確定其擴張的規模、速度以及經濟范圍，以便達到內部熵能最小和持續發展的目的。
  13. Based on the analyses of the investment of nozzle tube net and relationship between the annual operation cost and tube diameter function of a fixed spray irrigation system, a mathematic model to calculate the economical tube diameter of a spray irrigation system is developed by using the minimum expense norm and nonlinear planning theory in engineering economic analysis, and a direct calculation formula for the economical tube diameter in unrestrained conditions is presented

    摘要在分析了固定式噴灌系統的管網投資、年運行費用與管徑函數關系的基礎上，利用工程經濟分析中費用最小化準則和非線性規劃理論，建立了求解噴灌系統管網經濟管徑的數學模型，並給出了無約束條件直接求解經濟管徑的計算式。
  14. With the swot analysis method, the article deeply analyzed the foundation of strategy capability of the company by associating with the analyses of outer environments and inner conditions to provide the ideas and evidences for the establishment of strategy planning program on the basis of analyses in both theory and practice, in accordance with the established strategy factors and selected general strategy methods, the article made out the strategy planning program and strategy target of the company and pointed out various subsystems of strategy planning programs such as the products strategy plan, market strategy plan, finance strategy plan, manpower resource plan, organization & administration development plan, technology development plan and technology transformation plan etc finally the article applied life cycle method and economic evaluation method to evaluate and analyze the strategy planning program stated in this article so as to guarantee that the research conclusions are scientific and practicable

    再次，對株航公司的戰略資源和能力進行了系統的分析和閘述，綜合了中、小發基地建設已有的基礎，結合行業現狀明確了株航公司的核心能力，並運用swot分析方法，綜合企業外部環境分析和內部條件分析，深入分析了株航公司的戰略能力基礎，為制定戰略規劃方案提供了思路和依據。在對理論和實際進行研究分析的基礎上，運用戰略聚類模型分析方法，按照戰略制定要素並結合總體戰略選擇方法，擬定了株航公司的戰略規劃方案和戰略目標，並提出了產品開發戰略規劃、市場戰略規劃、財務戰略規劃、人類資源規劃、組織與管理發展規劃、技術發展規劃、技術改造發展規劃、等各子系統的戰略規劃方案。最後，綜合運用生命周期法和經濟效果評價等研究方法對本戰略規劃進行了評估分析，保證了研究結論的科學性和實用性。
  15. Xishan city, predecessor of xishan district, praised as " china first county ", but since 1996, economy obviously presents the trend of going downhill. trace it to its cause, market, system, developing economic modeled, a series of factors, but most direct reason with to transform into day by day buyer " s market, market sure to restrain factor from strengthen to economy, and xishan because of whole small of industry, most technology of product relatively backward traditional industry, market competitive power weaken but step into predicament, cause taking township industry as subject xishan economy and perimeter regional disparity widen year by year

    錫山區的前身錫山市曾被譽為「華夏第一縣」 ，但從1996年開始，經濟明顯呈現走下坡路的趨勢，究其原因，有市場、體制、發展經濟模式等一系列因素，但最直接的原因是隨著買方市場的日漸形成，市場對經濟不確定製約因素增強，而錫山傳統工業因整體規模小、大部分產品的技術比較落後，市場競爭能力弱化而步入困境，致使以鄉鎮工業為主體的錫山經濟與周邊地區差距逐年拉大。
  16. A more promising strategy seems to be to procure smaller prefabricated elements from the nearest local factory, provided that specialized facilities can be demonstrated to reduce environmental impact and add economies of scale

    一個更好的策略是在最近的本地工廠生產更小的預制組件，由工廠提供專業化的設備，這樣的策略可以通過示範被證實可以降低對環境的影響並且還可增加經濟規模。
  17. Yiwu lianzhong pisu co., ltd. is located in yiwu zhejiang province. company established on 1989, for over ten years, the company caught the opportunity for development deepened constantly in reform and opening - up tightly, such advantages as the economic information is well informed, probe boldly, flexible operation, the scale was upgraded constantly, the company already developed into a comprehensive cover incorporating retailing, sell in batches into an organic whole and moulded enterprises now

    義烏市聯眾皮塑有限公司義烏市聯眾皮塑有限公司座落於東南亞最大的小商品集散地浙江省義烏市。公司創建於1989年，十幾年來，公司緊緊抓住改革開放不斷深化的發展機遇，經濟信息靈通等優勢，大膽探索，靈活經營，規模不斷升級，現公司已發展成一家集零售批發為一體的綜合型皮塑企業。
  18. Minimum economic facility size is a function of the particular economics of the site, the technology employed and the year in which the facility was constructed

    最小經濟設施規模取決于場地，所採用的技術與設施建成當年的具體經濟狀況
  19. In the nature monopoly industry, the average cost decrease progressively along with the output. so, the smallest effective scale request only one enterprise to provide the product

    自然壟斷是指由於生產技術具有規模經濟的特徵，使平均成本隨著產量的增加而遞減，從而，最小有效規模要求只能有唯一一個企業提供產品。
  20. In hong kong, the international financial centre serving the fourth - largest and the fastest - growing economy in the world, the size of the economy should be a much smaller constraint than in other places

    香港作為國際金融中心，為全球第四大及增長最快速的經濟體系提供金融服務，我們受經濟規模的限制應該遠小於其他地方。
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