最高上層建築 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zuìgāoshàngcéngjiàn]
最高上層建築 英文
superimposed superstructure
  • 最 : 副詞（表示某種屬性超過所有同類的人或事物） most; best; worst; first; very; least; above all; -est
  • 高 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （從下向上距離大; 離地面遠） tall; high 2 （在一般標準或平均程度之上; 等級在上的） above...
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 層 : i 量詞1 （用於重疊、積累的東西 如樓層、階層、地層） storey; tier; stratum 2 （用於可以分項分步的...
  • 建 : Ⅰ動詞1 （建築） build; construct; erect 2 （建立; 設立; 成立） establish; set up; found 3 （提出;...
  • 築 : 築名詞（貴陽的別稱） another name for guiyang
  • 高上 : takagami
  1. Based on the previous theoretical analysis, two practical projects of pile - raft foundation of high - rise building on soft ground are studied by using the software of pile - raft foundation interaction analysis program pogap. the choice of standing layer for pile, the rational compression modulus of soil under pile, the place of pile and the space between piles, and the reasonable thickness of plate are analyzed, some well - regulated conclusions can be achieved. an experiential equation for choosing the optimal thickness of plate is also given

    根據以上分析，結合兩個軟弱地基上高層建築樁筏基礎的工程實例，利用浙江大學巖土工程研究所編制的pogap樁筏基礎共同作用分析軟體，就樁端持力層的選擇，樁端下臥層壓縮模量合理選值，樁位及樁間距的確定，筏板厚度的合理取值等問題展開分析，得出了一些規律性的結論，提出了筏板最佳板厚取值的經驗公式。
  2. This thesis brings forward that it is necessary to develop image - building by planning and design of small towns mainly for tourism from the height of region aiming at some phenomena of desultorily constructions, monotone and simple view, buildings with no design and culture happened and happening in some of this type of towns. the author analyses the system, structure, elements of these small towns through the theory of city identity system and " the image of city " with five elements. on the basis of it, the author studies the structure of sights and the embodiment of characteristic sights and advances the emphases of image - building by planning and design at three different aspects : the region or aero as a whole, the town as a whole and the part of the town

    論文針對當前重慶市許多旅遊型小城鎮形象建設雜亂無章，城鎮建設面貌單調乏味，建築缺乏設計和文化內涵，城鎮旅遊接待環境條件差，提出有必要站在區域的高度，對這類小城鎮進行形象規劃和設計，運用城市識別系統cis （ cityidentitysystem ）和「城市意象」五要素的原理來分析小城鎮系統結構和要素，以便能夠清楚地認識研究對象，在此基礎上分析旅遊型小城鎮的景觀構成及特色體現，提出了旅遊型小城鎮形象在宏觀、中觀和微觀三個層次上規劃設計的重點，並從理論上分析從實踐中總結出旅遊型小城鎮形象規劃設計的一般原則、方法表達方式及手段等，最後本文運用前面的理論和方法分析了重慶市的兩個典型的旅遊型小城鎮，並進一步得出結論，即旅遊型小城鎮形象建設是一個系統工程，要從規劃和設計兩個角度，結合旅遊的優勢，結合地方，結合自然，既有整體又有重點地對旅遊型小城鎮形象進行塑造，使得旅遊與小城鎮的建設和發展互相融合，協調發展，相得益彰。
  3. The main design points of passive design techniques have been dissertates by the numbers, from three aspects of building groups, single buildup and building parts, which include building group layout, orientation space between, wind protection solar heating, thermal mass and nocturnal cooling and natural ventilation etc. the dissertation also explains the whole climate design process is three stage of climate analysis, conceptual design stage and schematic design evaluation and at last, taking a high - rise residential building as an example case study, evaluates its climate adaptation strengths and limits, and then proposes the correctional advises for responsive to climate

    本文著重從建築群體關系、單體設計、局部構造三個層面上論述了各設計分區技術策略的設計要點，包括布局、朝向、間距、防風、太陽g睬暖、建築蓄熱降溫、自然通風等。最後本文以西安為例，給出了建築氣候設計程序為氣候分析?方案設計?方案評價三個主要過程，並對一高層住宅建築的氣候適應性進行了分析和評價，提出了方案的修改建議。
  4. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  5. This paper studies nonlinear dynamic problems of tall building structures, first, constitutes linear dynamic equation and elasto - plastic dynamic equation of structure by using qr method, later, solves the dynamic equation by using spline unconditional stable algorithm, last, programs corresponding computer programs with c program language, and calculates some example and a tall building in constructing the courses and the results prove that qr method is not only simple in calculating and fast in constringency rate, but also precise, that qr method is a effective and economic new method

    本文研究高層建築結構彈塑性動力問題，先利用qr法建立了結構線性動力方程及彈塑性動力方程，然後利用樣條無條件穩定演算法求解了動力方程，最後利用c語言編寫了相應的計算程序，計算了一些例題和分析了一個工程實例。 qr法在理論上及方法上不用有限元法及流動法則，避免了這些傳統方法在分析非線性問題時所帶來巨大困難的缺陷。計算結果表明，這種方法不僅計算簡便，而且精度高，收斂速度快，是一種經濟有效的新方法。
  6. This kind of butterfly valve is suitable for foodstuff, pharmacy, petroleum chemical industry, electric plant, steel plant, industrial environmental protection water treatment and high building, for adjusting flux on water supply tube

    本蝶閥適用於食品、醫藥、石油化工、電廠、鋼廠、工業環保水處理及高層建築、供排水管道上作調節流量和截斷流體最佳裝置。
  7. Many photographers focus on the striking architecture of the central and admiralty office towers that fringe the park, and can be viewed from the top of the park s 30 - metre - high lookout tower

    欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。只要踏上園內30米高的瞭望塔，便可從最佳角度觀看周遭的建築物景緻。
  8. At an elevation of more than 3, 700m, the potala occupies an area of more than 360, 000m. its 13 - story main portion rises 117m. the whole complex, consisting of halls, stupa - tomb halls where the relics of the supreme lamas are preserved, shrines, prayer rooms, monks dormitories and courtyards, is recognized as the world s highest and largest castle palace

    布達拉宮海拔3700多米，佔地總面積36萬余平方米，建築總面積13萬余平方米，主樓高117米，共13層，其中宮殿靈塔殿佛殿經堂僧舍庭院等一應俱全，是當今世上海拔最高規模最大的宮堡式建築群。
  9. At an elevation of more than 3, 700m, the potala occupies an area of more than 360, 000m. its 13 - story main portion rises 117m. the whole complex, consisting of halls, stupa - tomb halls ( where the relics of the supreme lamas are preserved ), shrines, prayer rooms, monks dormitories and courtyards, is recognized as the world s highest and largest castle palace

    布達拉宮海拔3700多米，佔地總面積36萬余平方米，建築總面積13萬余平方米，主樓高117米，共13層，其中宮殿、靈塔殿、佛殿、經堂、僧舍、庭院等一應俱全，是當今世上海拔最高、規模最大的宮堡式建築群。
  10. Uninterrupted pedestrian connection from the statute square to the waterfront would be provided through the site. - the maximum building heights of the 4 " waterfront related commercial and leisure uses " sites are 15 mpd 2 storeys for the " ou " site, 25 mpd 4 storeys for the two " ou " sites and 13 mpd 1 storey for the " ou " site

    至於4幅"與海旁有關的商業及休憩用途"土地的最高建築高度為： "指定用途1 "地帶為主水平基準面以上15米兩層高2幅"指定用途2 "地帶為主水平基準面以上25米四層高，以及"指定用途3 "地帶為主水平基準面以上13米一層高。
  11. Based on the survey and analysis of the present high - rise residences and from the point of the characteristic creation of the high - rise residence images directed by the principles of environmental entirety, humanism and form beauty, the dissertation makes a research on how the high - rise residences organize related factors to highlight their own features of artistic characteristics on the premise that they will adjust to the whole environment of cities and proposes the future developing tendency of the art creation of images of high - rise residences

    本文在對現有高層居住建築外部形象調查分析的基礎上，力求從環境整體觀、人性化原則和理性引導的形式美原則指導下的高層居住建築形象個性創造這一角度出發，研究探討高層居住建築如何在適應城市整體環境的前提下，組織好各種相關要素來突出自身的藝術性格特徵，最後提出高層居住建築未來形象創意和造型設計的發展趨勢。
  12. Today it is no longer the tallest building in the usa, or even in new york. the world trade center, an office building for over 1200 firms employing about 50000 people, is even higher at 411 metres. the twin towers are 110 storys high, but high - speed lifts controlled by computer take only a minute to reach the top

    時至今日，它不再是美國甚至是紐約最高的建築物.世界貿易中心，一座可以供1200家公司容納約50000人的辦公大樓，曾經為411米之高.兩座高塔各有110層樓層，而乘坐由計算機控制的高速電梯只需花1分鐘就可以將你帶上樓頂
  13. The fourth chapter is the important chapter of this paper : firstly, this chapter analyzes the total arrangement of the buildings, the single building ' s distribution, the extensibility of the building ' s functions and the design model of " trinity ", we find out that flexibility is the core of the university library design, " trinity " is not the only way and the best way in the library design ; secondly, this diaper raises another design model - - the design of hybrid library, in which the array of pillars, the level height and the load are designed according to the subarea, this design method can improve the flexibility and ecnomization of the buildings ; at last, this chapter approaches the principles and the developing trend in the design of the university library

    第四章是本論文的重點章節，在這一章中，論文首先從建築總體布局、建築單體布局、建築功能的可擴展性、 「三統一」的設計模式等方面進行了細致的分析。我們發現：靈活性是目前我國高校圖書館建築設計的核心問題； 「三統一」並不是圖書館建築設計的唯一方式和最佳方式，於是提出了一種分區設計柱網、分區設計層高、分區設計荷載的另一種設計模式? ?復合式圖書館建築設計，旨在增加靈活性的同時，進一步提高建築的經濟性與實用性。在章節的最後，從宏觀上探討了高校圖書館建築的設計原則及發展趨勢。
  14. New century hotel is a new four - star foreign tourism hotel, located in the north zhongshan road. hotel is the highest landmark building of guilin, covering area about 8000 square meter, 22 storeys of ground upper strata, 1 storey underground

    酒店總建築面積17000平方米，佔地面積8000多平方米，地上層22層，地下層1層，是桂林市最高的標志性建築。
  15. The paper through to analyse the background, meaning and necessity for implement bidding & tender of online architectural design, through to discript and compare with different mode of domestic and international of application for bidding & tender in network, to propose a unique opinion of solution system which is ndbs mode for bidding & tender of online architectural design, the mode is to submit the whole course of bidding & tender of online architectural design from planning for bid, information issue, pre - qualification, call for bid meeting, tender submit, tender evaluation and confirm the solution to sign the contract in internet. the paper through to structure a bidding platform ( bdb. cn ), to analyse the funcation procedure of bidding and tender system of online architectural design, from the sight of bid invitor, bidder and tender evaluated angle, to link them closely. the paper carry on system design to ndbs mode, input and outut, the information and keep them, safety and data stored, the paper combine with online architectural desigh wenzhou huameng building ( railway station road 1 - 2 massif ) as an example of ndbs mode finally, the result of study indicate, bidding and tender of online architectural design is not only feasible technically, the procedure of bidding and tender accord wigh the law, but also it is unanimous in traditional bidding way, this implement the scheme can improve working efficiency greatly, reduce the cost of bidding effictives, make it standard science further, to realize a pualitative leap in the building management level

    論文通過對實施網上建築設計招標投標的背景、意義及必要性進行分析，通過對國內外不同模式招標投標網路應用的綜合敘述與比較，提出了具有獨特見解的系統的網上建築設計招標投標解決方案? ? ndbs模式，該模式是對建築設計招標投標全過程從招標準備、信息發布、資格預審、招標會議、標書遞交、評標決標到合同簽訂的網上解決方案，論文從構建網上招標平臺（ bdb . cn ）開始，對建築設計招標投標系統的功能流程進行分析，從招標人、投標人和評標人的角度出發，通過對其在整個招標投標活動流程在網際網路中的無縫連接，使得通過bdb . cn招標平臺，能夠達到建築設計招標投標各參與方的一網打盡。論文還對ndbs模式進行了系統設計，對輸入輸出、安全與數據加密和招標投標資料儲存進行設計，從技術的層面對該系統提出了解決的方案。論文最後還結合溫州華盟大廈工程（車站大道1 - 2 #地塊）的網上建築設計招標投標的實例，對ndbs模式進行了實證，研究結果表明，實施網上建築設計招標投標，不僅在技術上是成熟可行的，在工作流程上是符合法律法規的，與傳統的招標投標方式也是一致的，而且能夠大大提高工作效率，有效降低招標投標成本，使得招標投標能夠更加規范、科學，實現建設管理水平的一個質的飛躍。
  16. Based on the phenomenon, this paper introduces the multiple mega - sub controlled frame and its step design method, it can be generalized as the following approach : first, we look for the optimal stiffness of the sub structure to control the deformation of the mega structure under the wind load. second, we optimize the parameters of the turned mass damper ( tmd ) which are installed in the sub structure to have the acceleration be controlled, and then we realize the overall objective. at last this paper uses the ecpm method to optimize the parameters of tmd and utilize simulink to simulate the dynamical response

    本文利用等效最優理論（ ecpm ）對tmd的參數進行了優化，利用simulink對復合結構進行了動態模擬，結果表明：附加安裝在子結構上的tmd並不會對主結構的動態特性產生大的影響，復合結構和減振結構一樣都可以較好的控制主結構位移響應，而且復合結構經優化后的tmd還較好的控制了子結構加速度響應，所以復合結構體系既可以提高結構的安全性，又可以滿足舒適度的要求，從而證明了本文提出的巨型框架復合減振結構是一種理想的超高層建築結構形式，其將具有廣闊的發展前景。
  17. One of the seven wonders of the world, borobudur is the world ' s largest buddhist relic site, built in ad 9th century ; entirely it has nine floors, as high as 40 meters, with the size of 15, 000 square meters, looks splendid and magnificent ; from the ground floor, the walls were built by laying stones, which engraved with buddhist stone carvings, appears lifelike, and spectacular in their beauty

    名列世界七大奇景之一，乃全世界最大的佛教遺址，建於公元九世紀，整座建築高九層，高達40米，面積15000平方米，雄偉壯觀，由地面一層開始，墻面皆由石塊堆砌而成，上面刻有佛教石雕，尊尊栩栩如生，令人嘆為觀止。
  18. 1 summarization at present, super - length tall buildings are ever - increasing by popular. expansion and contraction joint is not supposed to be located or at least frequently located in average buildings for the requirements of their functions. the longest space between two expansion and contraction joint, which is set in code for structural design is frequently exceeded in cast - in - place frame structure

    目前超長高層建築日見增多，由於功能以及使用上的需要，要求不設或少設伸縮縫，結構設計規范對現澆框架結構不設伸縮縫的最大間距的規定常常被突破，這就需要考慮溫度對結構的影響。
  19. That how to enhance the rational method and countermeasure of the universities construction items design stage cost is studied emphatic, and on the foundation of the concrete example in the universities construction item, the article carries on the science assignment to the design quota of the construction item to the universities using the value engineering, and carries on the overall appraises to three kinds of design to choose the most superior plan using the level analytic method, thus to enhance the cost rationality of the universities construction item design stage

    簡要介紹了高校建設項目的建築設計與成本的相關概念和相互關系，重點研究了設計階段合理控製成本的方法與對策，並在分析具體實例的基礎上，利用價值工程對設計限額進行科學的分配，運用層次分析法對多種設計方案進行總體評價來選擇最優方案，從而探討在設計階段（特別是建築設計階段）合理控製成本的有效途徑。
  20. The article is starting with since defining of bottom commercial space concept of skyscraper synthesis at first, on the basis of defining the skyscraper synthesis and bottom commercial space intension, do a concise exposition to the question appearing in the skyscraper synthesis and bottom commercial space developing history and development within the range of world and chinese on the senior level, and then sum up to summarize to the space and environment design of the bottom commercial space of skyscraper synthesis combine instance concrete, at last the development trend and designing inclining to be been analysed and prospect in the future to the bottom commercial space of the skyscraper synthesis

    文章首先從高層綜合體底部商業空間概念的界定入手，在明確高層建築綜合體及其底部商業空間內涵的基礎上，對高層綜合體及其底部商業空間在世界及中國范圍內的發展歷史及發展中出現的問題做一個簡明的闡述，然後對高層綜合體底部商業空間的空間及環境設計結合具體實例進行歸納總結，最後對高層綜合體底部商業空間未來的發展趨勢及設計傾向進行了分析及展望。
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